This commit is contained in:
arielherself 2024-10-16 18:58:13 +08:00
parent 70aad33d02
commit 210b93993f
Signed by: arielherself
SSH Key Fingerprint: SHA256:AK3cyo9tFsp7Mox7K0sYphleC8hReXhnRKxwuDT5LBc
27 changed files with 10256 additions and 199 deletions

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@ -471,9 +471,13 @@ void prep() {
// __attribute__((target("popcnt"))) // __attribute__((target("popcnt")))
void solve() { void solve() {
read(int, n, x, y); read(int, n, m);
int d = min(x, y); int md = (ll(1) * (1 + n) * n) % m;
cout << (n + d - 1) / d << '\n'; if (md > 0 and md <= n) {
cout << "Bob\n";
} else {
cout << "Alice\n";
}
} }
int main() { int main() {

713
src/bin/abc-209e.cc Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,713 @@
// #pragma GCC target("popcnt,lzcnt,abm,bmi,bmi2")
#pragma GCC optimize("Ofast")
/************* This code requires C++17. ***************/
#include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
/* macro helpers */
#define __NARGS(...) std::tuple_size<decltype(std::make_tuple(__VA_ARGS__))>::value
#define __DECOMPOSE_S(a, x) auto x = a;
#define __DECOMPOSE_N(a, ...) auto [__VA_ARGS__] = a;
constexpr void __() {}
#define __AS_PROCEDURE(...) __(); __VA_ARGS__; __()
#define __as_typeof(container) remove_reference<decltype(container)>::type
/* type aliases */
#if LONG_LONG_MAX != INT64_MAX
using ll = int64_t;
using ull = uint64_t;
#else
using ll = long long;
using ull = unsigned long long;
#endif
using int128 = __int128_t;
using uint128 = __uint128_t;
using ld = long double;
using pii = pair<int, int>; using pil = pair<int, ll>; using pid = pair<int, ld>;
using pli = pair<ll, int>; using pll = pair<ll, ll>; using pld = pair<ll, ld>;
using pdi = pair<ld, int>; using pdl = pair<ld, ll>; using pdd = pair<ld, ld>;
using tiii = tuple<int, int, int>; using tiil = tuple<int, int, ll>; using tiid = tuple<int, int, ld>;
using tili = tuple<int, ll, int>; using till = tuple<int, ll, ll>; using tild = tuple<int, ll, ld>;
using tidi = tuple<int, ld, int>; using tidl = tuple<int, ld, ll>; using tidd = tuple<int, ld, ld>;
using tlii = tuple<ll, int, int>; using tlil = tuple<ll, int, ll>; using tlid = tuple<ll, int, ld>;
using tlli = tuple<ll, ll, int>; using tlll = tuple<ll, ll, ll>; using tlld = tuple<ll, ll, ld>;
using tldi = tuple<ll, ld, int>; using tldl = tuple<ll, ld, ll>; using tldd = tuple<ll, ld, ld>;
using tdii = tuple<ld, int, int>; using tdil = tuple<ld, int, ll>; using tdid = tuple<ld, int, ld>;
using tdli = tuple<ld, ll, int>; using tdll = tuple<ld, ll, ll>; using tdld = tuple<ld, ll, ld>;
using tddi = tuple<ld, ld, int>; using tddl = tuple<ld, ld, ll>; using tddd = tuple<ld, ld, ld>;
template <typename T> using max_heap = priority_queue<T>;
template <typename T> using min_heap = priority_queue<T, vector<T>, greater<>>;
template <typename T> using oi = ostream_iterator<T>;
template <typename T> using ii = istream_iterator<T>;
/* constants */
constexpr int INF = 0x3f3f3f3f;
constexpr ll INFLL = 0x3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3fLL;
constexpr ll MDL = 1e9 + 7;
constexpr ll PRIME = 998'244'353;
constexpr ll MDL1 = 8784491;
constexpr ll MDL2 = PRIME;
constexpr int128 INT128_MAX = numeric_limits<int128>::max();
constexpr uint128 UINT128_MAX = numeric_limits<uint128>::max();
constexpr int128 INT128_MIN = numeric_limits<int128>::min();
constexpr uint128 UINT128_MIN = numeric_limits<uint128>::min();
/* random */
mt19937_64 rd(chrono::duration_cast<chrono::milliseconds>(chrono::system_clock::now().time_since_epoch()).count());
/* bit-wise operations */
#define lowbit(x) ((x) & -(x))
#define popcount(x) (__builtin_popcountll(ll(x)))
#define parity(x) (__builtin_parityll(ll(x)))
#define msp(x) (63LL - __builtin_clzll(ll(x)))
#define lsp(x) (__builtin_ctzll(ll(x)))
/* arithmetic operations */
#define mod(x, y) ((((x) % (y)) + (y)) % (y))
/* fast pairs */
#define upair ull
#define umake(x, y) (ull(x) << 32 | (ull(y) & ((1ULL << 32) - 1)))
#define u1(p) ((p) >> 32)
#define u2(p) ((p) & ((1ULL << 32) - 1))
#define ult std::less<upair>
#define ugt std::greater<upair>
#define ipair ull
#define imake(x, y) (umake(x, y))
#define i1(p) (int(u1(ll(p))))
#define i2(p) (ll(u2(p) << 32) >> 32)
struct ilt {
bool operator()(const ipair& a, const ipair& b) const {
if (i1(a) == i1(b)) return i2(a) < i2(b);
else return i1(a) < i1(b);
}
};
struct igt {
bool operator()(const ipair& a, const ipair& b) const {
if (i1(a) == i1(b)) return i2(a) > i2(b);
else return i1(a) > i1(b);
}
};
/* conditions */
#define loop while (1)
#define if_or(var, val) if (!(var == val)) var = val; else
#define continue_or(var, val) __AS_PROCEDURE(if (var == val) continue; var = val;)
#define break_or(var, val) __AS_PROCEDURE(if (var == val) break; var = val;)
/* hash */
struct safe_hash {
// https://codeforces.com/blog/entry/62393
static uint64_t splitmix64(uint64_t x) {
// http://xorshift.di.unimi.it/splitmix64.c
x += 0x9e3779b97f4a7c15;
x = (x ^ (x >> 30)) * 0xbf58476d1ce4e5b9;
x = (x ^ (x >> 27)) * 0x94d049bb133111eb;
return x ^ (x >> 31);
}
size_t operator()(uint64_t x) const {
static const uint64_t FIXED_RANDOM = chrono::steady_clock::now().time_since_epoch().count();
return splitmix64(x + FIXED_RANDOM);
}
};
struct pair_hash {
template <typename T, typename U>
size_t operator()(const pair<T, U>& a) const {
auto hash1 = safe_hash()(a.first);
auto hash2 = safe_hash()(a.second);
if (hash1 != hash2) {
return hash1 ^ hash2;
}
return hash1;
}
};
uniform_int_distribution<mt19937::result_type> dist(PRIME);
const size_t __array_hash_b = 31, __array_hash_mdl1 = dist(rd), __array_hash_mdl2 = dist(rd);
struct array_hash {
template <typename Sequence>
size_t operator()(const Sequence& arr) const {
size_t pw1 = 1, pw2 = 1;
size_t res1 = 0, res2 = 0;
for (auto&& x : arr) {
res1 = (res1 + x * pw1) % __array_hash_mdl1;
res2 = (res2 + x * pw2) % __array_hash_mdl2;
pw1 = (pw1 * __array_hash_b) % __array_hash_mdl1;
pw2 = (pw2 * __array_hash_b) % __array_hash_mdl2;
}
return res1 + res2;
}
};
/* build data structures */
#define faster(um) __AS_PROCEDURE((um).reserve(1024); (um).max_load_factor(0.25);)
#define unordered_counter(from, to) __AS_PROCEDURE(unordered_map<__as_typeof(from), size_t, safe_hash> to; for (auto&& x : from) ++to[x];)
#define counter(from, to, cmp) __AS_PROCEDURE(map<__as_typeof(from), size_t, cmp> to; for (auto&& x : from) ++to[x];)
#define pa(a) __AS_PROCEDURE(__typeof(a) pa; pa.push_back({}); for (auto&&x : a) pa.push_back(pa.back() + x);)
#define sa(a) __AS_PROCEDURE(__typeof(a) sa(a.size() + 1); {int n = a.size(); for (int i = n - 1; i >= 0; --i) sa[i] = sa[i + 1] + a[i];};)
#define adj(ch, n) __AS_PROCEDURE(vector<vector<int>> ch((n) + 1);)
#define edge(ch, u, v) __AS_PROCEDURE(ch[u].push_back(v), ch[v].push_back(u);)
#define edgew(ch, u, v, ...) __AS_PROCEDURE(ch[u].emplace_back(v, __VA_ARGS__), ch[v].emplace_back(u, __VA_ARGS__);)
#define Edge(ch, u, v) __AS_PROCEDURE(ch[u].push_back(v);)
#define Edgew(ch, u, v, ...) __AS_PROCEDURE(ch[u].emplace_back(v, __VA_ARGS__);)
template <typename T, typename Iterator> pair<size_t, map<T, size_t>> discretize(Iterator __first, Iterator __last) {
set<T> st(__first, __last);
size_t N = 0;
map<T, size_t> mp;
for (auto&& x : st) mp[x] = ++N;
return {N, mp};
}
template <typename T, typename Iterator> pair<size_t, unordered_map<T, size_t, safe_hash>> unordered_discretize(Iterator __first, Iterator __last) {
set<T> st(__first, __last);
size_t N = 0;
unordered_map<T, size_t, safe_hash> mp;
for (auto&& x : st) mp[x] = ++N;
return {N, mp};
}
/* io */
#define untie __AS_PROCEDURE(ios_base::sync_with_stdio(0), cin.tie(NULL))
template<typename T, typename U> istream& operator>>(istream& in, pair<T, U>& p) {
return in >> p.first >> p.second;
}
template<typename T, typename U> ostream& operator<<(ostream& out, const pair<T, U>& p) {
out << "{" << p.first << ", " << p.second << "}";
return out;
}
template<typename Char, typename Traits, typename Tuple, std::size_t... Index>
void print_tuple_impl(std::basic_ostream<Char, Traits>& os, const Tuple& t, std::index_sequence<Index...>) {
using swallow = int[]; // guaranties left to right order
(void)swallow { 0, (void(os << (Index == 0 ? "" : ", ") << std::get<Index>(t)), 0)... };
}
template<typename Char, typename Traits, typename... Args>
decltype(auto) operator<<(std::basic_ostream<Char, Traits>& os, const std::tuple<Args...>& t) {
os << "{";
print_tuple_impl(os, t, std::index_sequence_for<Args...>{});
return os << "}";
}
template<typename T> ostream& operator<<(ostream& out, const vector<T>& vec) {
for (auto&& i : vec) out << i << ' ';
return out;
}
std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& dest, const int128& value) {
// https://stackoverflow.com/a/25115163/23881100
std::ostream::sentry s( dest );
if ( s ) {
uint128 tmp = value < 0 ? -value : value;
char buffer[ 128 ];
char* d = std::end( buffer );
do {
-- d;
*d = "0123456789"[ tmp % 10 ];
tmp /= 10;
} while ( tmp != 0 );
if ( value < 0 ) {
-- d;
*d = '-';
}
int len = std::end( buffer ) - d;
if ( dest.rdbuf()->sputn( d, len ) != len ) {
dest.setstate( std::ios_base::badbit );
}
}
return dest;
}
template<typename T> void __read(T& x) { cin >> x; }
template<typename T, typename... U> void __read(T& x, U&... args) { cin >> x; __read(args...); }
#define read(type, ...) __AS_PROCEDURE(type __VA_ARGS__; __read(__VA_ARGS__);)
#define readvec(type, a, n) __AS_PROCEDURE(vector<type> a(n); for (auto& x : a) cin >> x;)
#define readvec1(type, a, n) __AS_PROCEDURE(vector<type> a((n) + 1); copy_n(ii<type>(cin), (n), a.begin() + 1);)
#define putvec(a) __AS_PROCEDURE(copy(a.begin(), a.end(), oi<__as_typeof(a)::value_type>(cout, " ")); cout << endl;)
#define putvec1(a) __AS_PROCEDURE(copy(a.begin() + 1, a.end(), oi<__as_typeof(a)::value_type>(cout, " ")); cout << endl;)
#define putvec_eol(a) __AS_PROCEDURE(copy(a.begin(), a.end(), oi<__as_typeof(a)::value_type>(cout, "\n"));)
#define putvec1_eol(a) __AS_PROCEDURE(copy(a.begin() + 1, a.end(), oi<__as_typeof(a)::value_type>(cout, "\n"));)
#define debug(x) __AS_PROCEDURE(cerr << #x" = " << (x) << endl;)
#define debugvec(a) __AS_PROCEDURE(cerr << #a" = "; for (auto&& x : a) cerr << x << ' '; cerr << endl;)
#define deb(...) debug(make_tuple(__VA_ARGS__))
/* pops */
#define poptop(q, ...) __AS_PROCEDURE(auto [__VA_ARGS__] = q.top(); q.pop();)
#define popback(q, ...) __AS_PROCEDURE(auto [__VA_ARGS__] = q.back(); q.pop_back();)
#define popfront(q, ...) __AS_PROCEDURE(auto [__VA_ARGS__] = q.front();q.pop_front();)
/* math */
template <typename return_t>
return_t qpow(ll b, ll p) {
if (b == 0 and p != 0) return 0;
if (p == 0) return 1;
return_t half = qpow<return_t>(b, p / 2);
if (p % 2 == 1) return half * half * b;
else return half * half;
}
#define comb(n, k) ((n) < 0 or (k) < 0 or (n) < (k) ? 0 : fact[n] / fact[k] / fact[(n) - (k)])
#define fastcomb(n, k) ((n) < 0 or (k) < 0 or (n) < (k) ? 0 : fact[n] * factrev[k] * factrev[(n) - (k)])
constexpr inline int lg2(ll x) { return x == 0 ? -1 : sizeof(ll) * 8 - 1 - __builtin_clzll(x); }
void __exgcd(ll a, ll b, ll& x, ll& y) {
if (b == 0) {
x = 1, y = 0;
return;
}
__exgcd(b, a % b, y, x);
y -= a / b * x;
}
ll inverse(ll a, ll b) {
ll x, y;
__exgcd(a, b, x, y);
return mod(x, b);
}
vector<tuple<int, int, ll>> decompose(ll x) {
// return (factor, count, factor ** count)
vector<tuple<int, int, ll>> res;
for (int i = 2; i * i <= x; i++) {
if (x % i == 0) {
int cnt = 0;
ll pw = 1;
while (x % i == 0) ++cnt, x /= i, pw *= i;
res.emplace_back(i, cnt, pw);
}
}
if (x != 1) {
res.emplace_back(x, 1, x);
}
return res;
}
vector<pii> decompose_prime(int N) {
// return (factor, count)
vector<pii> result;
for (int i = 2; i * i <= N; i++) {
if (N % i == 0) {
int cnt = 0;
while (N % i == 0) N /= i, ++cnt;
result.emplace_back(i, cnt);
}
}
if (N != 1) {
result.emplace_back(N, 1);
}
return result;
}
/* string algorithms */
vector<int> calc_next(string t) { // pi function of t
int n = (int)t.length();
vector<int> pi(n);
for (int i = 1; i < n; i++) {
int j = pi[i - 1];
while (j > 0 && t[i] != t[j]) j = pi[j - 1];
if (t[i] == t[j]) j++;
pi[i] = j;
}
return pi;
}
vector<int> calc_z(string t) { // z function of t
int m = t.length();
vector<int> z;
z.push_back(m);
pair<int, int> prev = {1, -1};
for (int i = 1; i < m; ++i) {
if (z[i - prev.first] + i <= prev.second) {
z.push_back(z[i - prev.first]);
} else {
int j = max(i, prev.second + 1);
while (j < m && t[j] == t[j - i]) ++j;
z.push_back(j - i);
prev = {i, j - 1};
}
}
return z;
}
vector<int> kmp(string s, string t) { // find all t in s
string cur = t + '#' + s;
int sz1 = s.size(), sz2 = t.size();
vector<int> v;
vector<int> lps = calc_next(cur);
for (int i = sz2 + 1; i <= sz1 + sz2; i++) {
if (lps[i] == sz2) v.push_back(i - 2 * sz2);
}
return v;
}
int period(string s) { // find the length of shortest recurring period
int n = s.length();
auto z = calc_z(s);
for (int i = 1; i <= n / 2; ++i) {
if (n % i == 0 && z[i] == n - i) {
return i;
}
}
return n;
}
/* modular arithmetic */
template <ll mdl> struct MLL {
ll val;
MLL(ll v = 0) : val(mod(v, mdl)) {}
MLL(const MLL<mdl>& other) : val(other.val) {}
friend MLL operator+(const MLL& lhs, const MLL& rhs) { return mod(lhs.val + rhs.val, mdl); }
friend MLL operator-(const MLL& lhs, const MLL& rhs) { return mod(lhs.val - rhs.val, mdl); }
friend MLL operator*(const MLL& lhs, const MLL& rhs) { return mod(lhs.val * rhs.val, mdl); }
friend MLL operator/(const MLL& lhs, const MLL& rhs) { return mod(lhs.val * mod(inverse(rhs.val, mdl), mdl), mdl); }
friend MLL operator%(const MLL& lhs, const MLL& rhs) { return mod(lhs.val - (lhs / rhs).val, mdl); }
friend bool operator==(const MLL& lhs, const MLL& rhs) { return lhs.val == rhs.val; }
friend bool operator!=(const MLL& lhs, const MLL& rhs) { return lhs.val != rhs.val; }
void operator+=(const MLL& rhs) { val = (*this + rhs).val; }
void operator-=(const MLL& rhs) { val = (*this - rhs).val; }
void operator*=(const MLL& rhs) { val = (*this * rhs).val; }
void operator/=(const MLL& rhs) { val = (*this / rhs).val; }
void operator%=(const MLL& rhs) { val = (*this % rhs).val; }
};
template <ll mdl>
ostream& operator<<(ostream& out, const MLL<mdl>& num) {
return out << num.val;
}
template <ll mdl>
istream& operator>>(istream& in, MLL<mdl>& num) {
return in >> num.val;
}
// miscancellous
template <typename T, typename U>
bool chmax(T& lhs, const U& rhs) {
bool ret = lhs < rhs;
if (ret) {
lhs = rhs;
}
return ret;
}
template <typename T, typename U>
bool chmin(T& lhs, const U& rhs) {
bool ret = lhs > rhs;
if (ret) {
lhs = rhs;
}
return ret;
}
#define functor(func) ([&](auto&&... val) \
noexcept(noexcept(func(std::forward<decltype(val)>(val)...))) -> decltype(auto) \
{return func(std::forward<decltype(val)>(val)...);})
#define expr(ret, ...) ([&] (__VA_ARGS__) { return (ret); })
template <typename Func, typename RandomIt> void sort_by_key(RandomIt first, RandomIt last, Func extractor) {
std::sort(first, last, [&] (auto&& a, auto&& b) { return std::less<>()(extractor(a), extractor(b)); });
}
template <typename Func, typename RandomIt, typename Compare> void sort_by_key(RandomIt first, RandomIt last, Func extractor, Compare comp) {
std::sort(first, last, [&] (auto&& a, auto&& b) { return comp(extractor(a), extractor(b)); });
}
template <typename T, typename U, typename Iterator_T, typename Iterator_U>
vector<pair<T, U>> zip(Iterator_T a_first, Iterator_T a_last, Iterator_U b_first, Iterator_U b_last) {
vector<pair<T, U>> res;
auto a_it = a_first;
auto b_it = b_first;
for (; not (a_it == a_last) and not (b_it == b_last); ++a_it, ++b_it) {
res.emplace_back(*a_it, *b_it);
}
return res;
}
template <typename T, typename U, typename Iterator_T, typename Iterator_U>
vector<pair<T, U>> zip_n(Iterator_T a_first, Iterator_U b_first, size_t n) {
vector<pair<T, U>> res;
if (n > 0) {
res.emplace_back(*a_first, *b_first);
for (size_t i = 1; i != n; ++i) {
res.emplace_back(*++a_first, *++b_first);
}
}
return res;
}
template <typename T>
class ArithmeticIterator : bidirectional_iterator_tag {
public:
using difference_type = ptrdiff_t;
using value_type = T;
private:
value_type value;
public:
ArithmeticIterator(const T& value) : value(value) {}
value_type operator*() const { return value; }
ArithmeticIterator<T>& operator++() { ++value; return *this; }
ArithmeticIterator<T>& operator--() { --value; return *this; }
bool operator==(const ArithmeticIterator<T>& rhs) const { return value == rhs.value; }
};
template <typename T> vector<pair<int, T>> enumerate(const vector<T>& container) {
return zip<int, T>(ArithmeticIterator<int>(0), ArithmeticIterator<int>(INT_MAX), container.begin(), container.end());
}
#define initarray(init, N) (__initarray<decay<decltype(init)>::type, (N)>(init))
namespace detail {
template <typename T, std::size_t...Is>
constexpr std::array<T, sizeof...(Is)>
make_array(const T& value, std::index_sequence<Is...>) {
return {{(static_cast<void>(Is), value)...}};
}
}
template <typename T, std::size_t N>
constexpr std::array<T, N> __initarray(const T& value) {
return detail::make_array(value, std::make_index_sequence<N>());
}
/*******************************************************/
#define SINGLE_TEST_CASE
// #define DUMP_TEST_CASE 7219
// #define TOT_TEST_CASE 10000
void dump() {}
void dump_ignore() {}
void prep() {
}
namespace tarjan {
struct mutex_cond {
int v1; bool cond1;
int v2; bool cond2;
mutex_cond(int v1, bool cond1, int v2, bool cond2) : v1(v1), cond1(cond1), v2(v2), cond2(cond2) {}
};
struct inclusive_cond {
int v1; bool cond1;
int v2; bool cond2;
inclusive_cond(int v1, bool cond1, int v2, bool cond2) : v1(v1), cond1(cond1), v2(v2), cond2(cond2) {}
};
// Returns the mapping between vertices and their affiliated sccs.
vector<int> scc(const vector<vector<int>>& ch) {
int n = ch.size();
int cnt = 0, scn = 0;
vector<int> dfn(n), low(n), vis(n), st;
vector<int> br(n);
auto tarjan = [&] (auto tarjan, int v) -> void {
dfn[v]=low[v]=++cnt;
st.push_back(v);
vis[v]=1;
for(const auto&u:ch[v])
if(!dfn[u]) tarjan(tarjan, u),low[v]=min(low[v],low[u]);
else if(vis[u])low[v]=min(low[v],dfn[u]);
if(dfn[v]==low[v]){
++scn;
int u;
do u=st.back(), st.pop_back(),vis[u]=0,br[u]=scn; while(u!=v);
}
};
for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
if (!dfn[i]) {
tarjan(tarjan, i);
}
}
return br;
}
// This method can eliminate redundant edges or self-loops
vector<vector<int>> build_scc(const vector<vector<int>>& ch) {
int n = ch.size();
auto br = scc(ch);
int cnt = *max_element(br.begin(), br.end());
vector<unordered_set<int, safe_hash>> rb(cnt + 1);
for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
for (auto&& u : ch[i]) {
if (br[i] != br[u]) rb[br[i]].emplace(br[u]);
}
}
vector<vector<int>> res(cnt + 1);
for (int i = 1; i <= cnt; ++i) {
res[i] = vector<int>(rb[i].begin(), rb[i].end());
}
return res;
}
// This method can eliminate redundant edges or self-loops
// return form: (scc size, children of scc)
vector<pair<size_t, vector<int>>> build_scc_with_size(const vector<vector<int>>& ch) {
int n = ch.size();
auto br = scc(ch);
int cnt = *max_element(br.begin(), br.end());
vector<unordered_set<int, safe_hash>> rb(cnt + 1);
for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
for (auto&& u : ch[i]) {
if (br[i] != br[u]) rb[br[i]].emplace(br[u]);
}
}
vector<pair<size_t, vector<int>>> res(cnt + 1);
for (int i = 1; i <= cnt; ++i) {
res[i].second = vector<int>(rb[i].begin(), rb[i].end());
}
for (int i = 1; i <= n; ++i) {
res[br[i]].first += 1;
}
return res;
}
// indices start from 1, result has `n` items
optional<vector<bool>> solve_twosat(int n, const vector<mutex_cond>& conditions) {
vector<vector<int>> ch(2 * n + 1);
for (auto&& [v1, cond1, v2, cond2] : conditions) {
ch[(1 ^ cond1) * n + v1].emplace_back(cond2 * n + v2);
ch[(1 ^ cond2) * n + v2].emplace_back(cond1 * n + v1);
}
auto sccno = scc(ch);
for (int i = 1; i <= n; ++i) {
if (sccno[i] == sccno[i + n]) {
return nullopt;
}
}
vector<bool> res;
for (int i = 1; i <= n; ++i) {
if (sccno[i] < sccno[i + n]) {
res.emplace_back(false);
} else {
res.emplace_back(true);
}
}
return res;
};
// indices start from 1, result has `n` items
optional<vector<bool>> solve_twosat(int n, const vector<inclusive_cond>& conditions) {
vector<mutex_cond> trans_conds;
for (auto&& [v1, cond1, v2, cond2] : conditions) {
trans_conds.emplace_back(v1, cond1, v2, not cond2);
}
return solve_twosat(n, trans_conds);
}
// Returns if each vertex is a cut vertex
// All indices start from 1
vector<int> cut_v(const vector<vector<int>>& ch) {
int n = ch.size() - 1;
vector<bool> vis(n + 1);
vector<int> low(n + 1), dfn(n + 1), flag(n + 1);
int cnt = 0;
auto dfs = [&] (auto dfs, int v, int pa) -> void {
vis[v] = 1;
low[v] = dfn[v] = ++cnt;
int child = 0;
for (auto&& u : ch[v]) {
if (not vis[u]) {
++child;
dfs(dfs, u, v);
low[v] = min(low[v], low[u]);
if (pa != v and low[u] >= dfn[v] and not flag[v]) {
flag[v] = 1;
}
} else if (u != pa) {
low[v] = min(low[v], dfn[u]);
}
}
if (pa == v and child >= 2 and not flag[v]) {
flag[v] = 1;
}
};
for (int i = 1; i <= n; ++i) {
if (not dfn[i]) {
dfs(dfs, i, 0);
}
}
return flag;
}
}
// __attribute__((target("popcnt")))
void solve() {
constexpr int N = 26 * 2;
read(int, m);
array<int, 256> mp;
for (int i = 0; i < 26; ++i) {
mp['A' + i] = i;
mp['a' + i] = 26 + i;
}
// s.length == 3
auto calc = [&] (const string& s) {
return mp[s[0]] * N * N + mp[s[1]] * N + mp[s[2]] + 1;
};
vector<pii> edges;
adj(chraw, N * N * N);
for (int i = 0; i < m; ++i) {
read(string, s);
int u = calc(s.substr(0, 3));
int v = calc(s.substr(s.size() - 3, 3));
Edge(chraw, u, v);
edges.emplace_back(u, v);
}
auto scn = tarjan::scc(chraw);
adj(ch, N * N * N);
vector<int> sz(N * N * N + 1);
for (auto&& [u, v] : edges) {
if (scn[u] != scn[v]) {
// Edge(ch, scn[u], scn[v]);
Edge(ch, u, v);
} else {
sz[u] += 1;
}
}
vector<bool> vis(N * N * N + 1);
vector<int> dp(N * N * N + 1, -1);
auto dfs = [&] (auto dfs, int v) -> void {
if (vis[v]) return;
vis[v] = 1;
if (sz[v]) {
dp[v] = 0;
}
for (auto&& u : ch[v]) {
dfs(dfs, u);
if (dp[u] == 1) {
;;
} else if (dp[u] == 0) {
chmax(dp[v], 0);
} else {
dp[v] = 1;
}
}
};
for (int i = 1; i <= N * N * N; ++i) {
dfs(dfs, i);
}
for (auto&& [u, v] : edges) {
if (dp[v] == 1) {
cout << "Aoki\n";
} else if (dp[v] == 0) {
cout << "Draw\n";
} else {
cout << "Takahashi\n";
}
}
}
int main() {
#if __cplusplus < 201402L or defined(_MSC_VER) and not defined(__clang__)
assert(false && "incompatible compiler variant detected.");
#endif
untie;
prep();
#ifdef SINGLE_TEST_CASE
solve();
#else
read(int, t);
for (int i = 0; i < t; ++i) {
#ifdef DUMP_TEST_CASE
if (t != (TOT_TEST_CASE)) {
solve();
} else if (i + 1 == (DUMP_TEST_CASE)) {
dump();
} else {
dump_ignore();
}
#else
solve();
#endif
}
#endif
}

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// #pragma GCC target("popcnt,lzcnt,abm,bmi,bmi2")
#pragma GCC optimize("Ofast")
/************* This code requires C++17. ***************/
#include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
/* macro helpers */
#define __NARGS(...) std::tuple_size<decltype(std::make_tuple(__VA_ARGS__))>::value
#define __DECOMPOSE_S(a, x) auto x = a;
#define __DECOMPOSE_N(a, ...) auto [__VA_ARGS__] = a;
constexpr void __() {}
#define __AS_PROCEDURE(...) __(); __VA_ARGS__; __()
#define __as_typeof(container) remove_reference<decltype(container)>::type
/* type aliases */
#if LONG_LONG_MAX != INT64_MAX
using ll = int64_t;
using ull = uint64_t;
#else
using ll = long long;
using ull = unsigned long long;
#endif
using int128 = __int128_t;
using uint128 = __uint128_t;
using ld = long double;
using pii = pair<int, int>; using pil = pair<int, ll>; using pid = pair<int, ld>;
using pli = pair<ll, int>; using pll = pair<ll, ll>; using pld = pair<ll, ld>;
using pdi = pair<ld, int>; using pdl = pair<ld, ll>; using pdd = pair<ld, ld>;
using tiii = tuple<int, int, int>; using tiil = tuple<int, int, ll>; using tiid = tuple<int, int, ld>;
using tili = tuple<int, ll, int>; using till = tuple<int, ll, ll>; using tild = tuple<int, ll, ld>;
using tidi = tuple<int, ld, int>; using tidl = tuple<int, ld, ll>; using tidd = tuple<int, ld, ld>;
using tlii = tuple<ll, int, int>; using tlil = tuple<ll, int, ll>; using tlid = tuple<ll, int, ld>;
using tlli = tuple<ll, ll, int>; using tlll = tuple<ll, ll, ll>; using tlld = tuple<ll, ll, ld>;
using tldi = tuple<ll, ld, int>; using tldl = tuple<ll, ld, ll>; using tldd = tuple<ll, ld, ld>;
using tdii = tuple<ld, int, int>; using tdil = tuple<ld, int, ll>; using tdid = tuple<ld, int, ld>;
using tdli = tuple<ld, ll, int>; using tdll = tuple<ld, ll, ll>; using tdld = tuple<ld, ll, ld>;
using tddi = tuple<ld, ld, int>; using tddl = tuple<ld, ld, ll>; using tddd = tuple<ld, ld, ld>;
template <typename T> using max_heap = priority_queue<T>;
template <typename T> using min_heap = priority_queue<T, vector<T>, greater<>>;
template <typename T> using oi = ostream_iterator<T>;
template <typename T> using ii = istream_iterator<T>;
/* constants */
constexpr int INF = 0x3f3f3f3f;
constexpr ll INFLL = 0x3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3fLL;
constexpr ll MDL = 1e9 + 7;
constexpr ll PRIME = 998'244'353;
constexpr ll MDL1 = 8784491;
constexpr ll MDL2 = PRIME;
constexpr int128 INT128_MAX = numeric_limits<int128>::max();
constexpr uint128 UINT128_MAX = numeric_limits<uint128>::max();
constexpr int128 INT128_MIN = numeric_limits<int128>::min();
constexpr uint128 UINT128_MIN = numeric_limits<uint128>::min();
/* random */
mt19937_64 rd(chrono::duration_cast<chrono::milliseconds>(chrono::system_clock::now().time_since_epoch()).count());
/* bit-wise operations */
#define lowbit(x) ((x) & -(x))
#define popcount(x) (__builtin_popcountll(ll(x)))
#define parity(x) (__builtin_parityll(ll(x)))
#define msp(x) (63LL - __builtin_clzll(ll(x)))
#define lsp(x) (__builtin_ctzll(ll(x)))
/* arithmetic operations */
#define mod(x, y) ((((x) % (y)) + (y)) % (y))
/* fast pairs */
#define upair ull
#define umake(x, y) (ull(x) << 32 | (ull(y) & ((1ULL << 32) - 1)))
#define u1(p) ((p) >> 32)
#define u2(p) ((p) & ((1ULL << 32) - 1))
#define ult std::less<upair>
#define ugt std::greater<upair>
#define ipair ull
#define imake(x, y) (umake(x, y))
#define i1(p) (int(u1(ll(p))))
#define i2(p) (ll(u2(p) << 32) >> 32)
struct ilt {
bool operator()(const ipair& a, const ipair& b) const {
if (i1(a) == i1(b)) return i2(a) < i2(b);
else return i1(a) < i1(b);
}
};
struct igt {
bool operator()(const ipair& a, const ipair& b) const {
if (i1(a) == i1(b)) return i2(a) > i2(b);
else return i1(a) > i1(b);
}
};
/* conditions */
#define loop while (1)
#define if_or(var, val) if (!(var == val)) var = val; else
#define continue_or(var, val) __AS_PROCEDURE(if (var == val) continue; var = val;)
#define break_or(var, val) __AS_PROCEDURE(if (var == val) break; var = val;)
/* hash */
struct safe_hash {
// https://codeforces.com/blog/entry/62393
static uint64_t splitmix64(uint64_t x) {
// http://xorshift.di.unimi.it/splitmix64.c
x += 0x9e3779b97f4a7c15;
x = (x ^ (x >> 30)) * 0xbf58476d1ce4e5b9;
x = (x ^ (x >> 27)) * 0x94d049bb133111eb;
return x ^ (x >> 31);
}
size_t operator()(uint64_t x) const {
static const uint64_t FIXED_RANDOM = chrono::steady_clock::now().time_since_epoch().count();
return splitmix64(x + FIXED_RANDOM);
}
};
struct pair_hash {
template <typename T, typename U>
size_t operator()(const pair<T, U>& a) const {
auto hash1 = safe_hash()(a.first);
auto hash2 = safe_hash()(a.second);
if (hash1 != hash2) {
return hash1 ^ hash2;
}
return hash1;
}
};
uniform_int_distribution<mt19937::result_type> dist(PRIME);
const size_t __array_hash_b = 31, __array_hash_mdl1 = dist(rd), __array_hash_mdl2 = dist(rd);
struct array_hash {
template <typename Sequence>
size_t operator()(const Sequence& arr) const {
size_t pw1 = 1, pw2 = 1;
size_t res1 = 0, res2 = 0;
for (auto&& x : arr) {
res1 = (res1 + x * pw1) % __array_hash_mdl1;
res2 = (res2 + x * pw2) % __array_hash_mdl2;
pw1 = (pw1 * __array_hash_b) % __array_hash_mdl1;
pw2 = (pw2 * __array_hash_b) % __array_hash_mdl2;
}
return res1 + res2;
}
};
/* build data structures */
#define faster(um) __AS_PROCEDURE((um).reserve(1024); (um).max_load_factor(0.25);)
#define unordered_counter(from, to) __AS_PROCEDURE(unordered_map<__as_typeof(from), size_t, safe_hash> to; for (auto&& x : from) ++to[x];)
#define counter(from, to, cmp) __AS_PROCEDURE(map<__as_typeof(from), size_t, cmp> to; for (auto&& x : from) ++to[x];)
#define pa(a) __AS_PROCEDURE(__typeof(a) pa; pa.push_back({}); for (auto&&x : a) pa.push_back(pa.back() + x);)
#define sa(a) __AS_PROCEDURE(__typeof(a) sa(a.size() + 1); {int n = a.size(); for (int i = n - 1; i >= 0; --i) sa[i] = sa[i + 1] + a[i];};)
#define adj(ch, n) __AS_PROCEDURE(vector<vector<int>> ch((n) + 1);)
#define edge(ch, u, v) __AS_PROCEDURE(ch[u].push_back(v), ch[v].push_back(u);)
#define edgew(ch, u, v, ...) __AS_PROCEDURE(ch[u].emplace_back(v, __VA_ARGS__), ch[v].emplace_back(u, __VA_ARGS__);)
#define Edge(ch, u, v) __AS_PROCEDURE(ch[u].push_back(v);)
#define Edgew(ch, u, v, ...) __AS_PROCEDURE(ch[u].emplace_back(v, __VA_ARGS__);)
template <typename T, typename Iterator> pair<size_t, map<T, size_t>> discretize(Iterator __first, Iterator __last) {
set<T> st(__first, __last);
size_t N = 0;
map<T, size_t> mp;
for (auto&& x : st) mp[x] = ++N;
return {N, mp};
}
template <typename T, typename Iterator> pair<size_t, unordered_map<T, size_t, safe_hash>> unordered_discretize(Iterator __first, Iterator __last) {
set<T> st(__first, __last);
size_t N = 0;
unordered_map<T, size_t, safe_hash> mp;
for (auto&& x : st) mp[x] = ++N;
return {N, mp};
}
/* io */
#define untie __AS_PROCEDURE(ios_base::sync_with_stdio(0), cin.tie(NULL))
template<typename T, typename U> istream& operator>>(istream& in, pair<T, U>& p) {
return in >> p.first >> p.second;
}
template<typename T, typename U> ostream& operator<<(ostream& out, const pair<T, U>& p) {
out << "{" << p.first << ", " << p.second << "}";
return out;
}
template<typename Char, typename Traits, typename Tuple, std::size_t... Index>
void print_tuple_impl(std::basic_ostream<Char, Traits>& os, const Tuple& t, std::index_sequence<Index...>) {
using swallow = int[]; // guaranties left to right order
(void)swallow { 0, (void(os << (Index == 0 ? "" : ", ") << std::get<Index>(t)), 0)... };
}
template<typename Char, typename Traits, typename... Args>
decltype(auto) operator<<(std::basic_ostream<Char, Traits>& os, const std::tuple<Args...>& t) {
os << "{";
print_tuple_impl(os, t, std::index_sequence_for<Args...>{});
return os << "}";
}
template<typename T> ostream& operator<<(ostream& out, const vector<T>& vec) {
for (auto&& i : vec) out << i << ' ';
return out;
}
std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& dest, const int128& value) {
// https://stackoverflow.com/a/25115163/23881100
std::ostream::sentry s( dest );
if ( s ) {
uint128 tmp = value < 0 ? -value : value;
char buffer[ 128 ];
char* d = std::end( buffer );
do {
-- d;
*d = "0123456789"[ tmp % 10 ];
tmp /= 10;
} while ( tmp != 0 );
if ( value < 0 ) {
-- d;
*d = '-';
}
int len = std::end( buffer ) - d;
if ( dest.rdbuf()->sputn( d, len ) != len ) {
dest.setstate( std::ios_base::badbit );
}
}
return dest;
}
template<typename T> void __read(T& x) { cin >> x; }
template<typename T, typename... U> void __read(T& x, U&... args) { cin >> x; __read(args...); }
#define read(type, ...) __AS_PROCEDURE(type __VA_ARGS__; __read(__VA_ARGS__);)
#define readvec(type, a, n) __AS_PROCEDURE(vector<type> a(n); for (auto& x : a) cin >> x;)
#define readvec1(type, a, n) __AS_PROCEDURE(vector<type> a((n) + 1); copy_n(ii<type>(cin), (n), a.begin() + 1);)
#define putvec(a) __AS_PROCEDURE(copy(a.begin(), a.end(), oi<__as_typeof(a)::value_type>(cout, " ")); cout << endl;)
#define putvec1(a) __AS_PROCEDURE(copy(a.begin() + 1, a.end(), oi<__as_typeof(a)::value_type>(cout, " ")); cout << endl;)
#define putvec_eol(a) __AS_PROCEDURE(copy(a.begin(), a.end(), oi<__as_typeof(a)::value_type>(cout, "\n"));)
#define putvec1_eol(a) __AS_PROCEDURE(copy(a.begin() + 1, a.end(), oi<__as_typeof(a)::value_type>(cout, "\n"));)
#define debug(x) __AS_PROCEDURE(cerr << #x" = " << (x) << endl;)
#define debugvec(a) __AS_PROCEDURE(cerr << #a" = "; for (auto&& x : a) cerr << x << ' '; cerr << endl;)
#define deb(...) debug(make_tuple(__VA_ARGS__))
/* pops */
#define poptop(q, ...) __AS_PROCEDURE(auto [__VA_ARGS__] = q.top(); q.pop();)
#define popback(q, ...) __AS_PROCEDURE(auto [__VA_ARGS__] = q.back(); q.pop_back();)
#define popfront(q, ...) __AS_PROCEDURE(auto [__VA_ARGS__] = q.front();q.pop_front();)
/* math */
template <typename return_t>
return_t qpow(ll b, ll p) {
if (b == 0 and p != 0) return 0;
if (p == 0) return 1;
return_t half = qpow<return_t>(b, p / 2);
if (p % 2 == 1) return half * half * b;
else return half * half;
}
#define comb(n, k) ((n) < 0 or (k) < 0 or (n) < (k) ? 0 : fact[n] / fact[k] / fact[(n) - (k)])
#define fastcomb(n, k) ((n) < 0 or (k) < 0 or (n) < (k) ? 0 : fact[n] * factrev[k] * factrev[(n) - (k)])
constexpr inline int lg2(ll x) { return x == 0 ? -1 : sizeof(ll) * 8 - 1 - __builtin_clzll(x); }
void __exgcd(ll a, ll b, ll& x, ll& y) {
if (b == 0) {
x = 1, y = 0;
return;
}
__exgcd(b, a % b, y, x);
y -= a / b * x;
}
ll inverse(ll a, ll b) {
ll x, y;
__exgcd(a, b, x, y);
return mod(x, b);
}
vector<tuple<int, int, ll>> decompose(ll x) {
// return (factor, count, factor ** count)
vector<tuple<int, int, ll>> res;
for (int i = 2; i * i <= x; i++) {
if (x % i == 0) {
int cnt = 0;
ll pw = 1;
while (x % i == 0) ++cnt, x /= i, pw *= i;
res.emplace_back(i, cnt, pw);
}
}
if (x != 1) {
res.emplace_back(x, 1, x);
}
return res;
}
vector<pli> decompose_prime(ll N) {
// return (factor, count)
vector<pli> result;
for (ll i = 2; i * i <= N; i++) {
if (N % i == 0) {
int cnt = 0;
while (N % i == 0) N /= i, ++cnt;
result.emplace_back(i, cnt);
}
}
if (N != 1) {
result.emplace_back(N, 1);
}
return result;
}
/* string algorithms */
vector<int> calc_next(string t) { // pi function of t
int n = (int)t.length();
vector<int> pi(n);
for (int i = 1; i < n; i++) {
int j = pi[i - 1];
while (j > 0 && t[i] != t[j]) j = pi[j - 1];
if (t[i] == t[j]) j++;
pi[i] = j;
}
return pi;
}
vector<int> calc_z(string t) { // z function of t
int m = t.length();
vector<int> z;
z.push_back(m);
pair<int, int> prev = {1, -1};
for (int i = 1; i < m; ++i) {
if (z[i - prev.first] + i <= prev.second) {
z.push_back(z[i - prev.first]);
} else {
int j = max(i, prev.second + 1);
while (j < m && t[j] == t[j - i]) ++j;
z.push_back(j - i);
prev = {i, j - 1};
}
}
return z;
}
vector<int> kmp(string s, string t) { // find all t in s
string cur = t + '#' + s;
int sz1 = s.size(), sz2 = t.size();
vector<int> v;
vector<int> lps = calc_next(cur);
for (int i = sz2 + 1; i <= sz1 + sz2; i++) {
if (lps[i] == sz2) v.push_back(i - 2 * sz2);
}
return v;
}
int period(string s) { // find the length of shortest recurring period
int n = s.length();
auto z = calc_z(s);
for (int i = 1; i <= n / 2; ++i) {
if (n % i == 0 && z[i] == n - i) {
return i;
}
}
return n;
}
/* modular arithmetic */
template <ll mdl> struct MLL {
ll val;
MLL(ll v = 0) : val(mod(v, mdl)) {}
MLL(const MLL<mdl>& other) : val(other.val) {}
friend MLL operator+(const MLL& lhs, const MLL& rhs) { return mod(lhs.val + rhs.val, mdl); }
friend MLL operator-(const MLL& lhs, const MLL& rhs) { return mod(lhs.val - rhs.val, mdl); }
friend MLL operator*(const MLL& lhs, const MLL& rhs) { return mod(lhs.val * rhs.val, mdl); }
friend MLL operator/(const MLL& lhs, const MLL& rhs) { return mod(lhs.val * mod(inverse(rhs.val, mdl), mdl), mdl); }
friend MLL operator%(const MLL& lhs, const MLL& rhs) { return mod(lhs.val - (lhs / rhs).val, mdl); }
friend bool operator==(const MLL& lhs, const MLL& rhs) { return lhs.val == rhs.val; }
friend bool operator!=(const MLL& lhs, const MLL& rhs) { return lhs.val != rhs.val; }
void operator+=(const MLL& rhs) { val = (*this + rhs).val; }
void operator-=(const MLL& rhs) { val = (*this - rhs).val; }
void operator*=(const MLL& rhs) { val = (*this * rhs).val; }
void operator/=(const MLL& rhs) { val = (*this / rhs).val; }
void operator%=(const MLL& rhs) { val = (*this % rhs).val; }
};
template <ll mdl>
ostream& operator<<(ostream& out, const MLL<mdl>& num) {
return out << num.val;
}
template <ll mdl>
istream& operator>>(istream& in, MLL<mdl>& num) {
return in >> num.val;
}
// miscancellous
template <typename T, typename U>
bool chmax(T& lhs, const U& rhs) {
bool ret = lhs < rhs;
if (ret) {
lhs = rhs;
}
return ret;
}
template <typename T, typename U>
bool chmin(T& lhs, const U& rhs) {
bool ret = lhs > rhs;
if (ret) {
lhs = rhs;
}
return ret;
}
#define functor(func) ([&](auto&&... val) \
noexcept(noexcept(func(std::forward<decltype(val)>(val)...))) -> decltype(auto) \
{return func(std::forward<decltype(val)>(val)...);})
#define expr(ret, ...) ([&] (__VA_ARGS__) { return (ret); })
template <typename Func, typename RandomIt> void sort_by_key(RandomIt first, RandomIt last, Func extractor) {
std::sort(first, last, [&] (auto&& a, auto&& b) { return std::less<>()(extractor(a), extractor(b)); });
}
template <typename Func, typename RandomIt, typename Compare> void sort_by_key(RandomIt first, RandomIt last, Func extractor, Compare comp) {
std::sort(first, last, [&] (auto&& a, auto&& b) { return comp(extractor(a), extractor(b)); });
}
template <typename T, typename U, typename Iterator_T, typename Iterator_U>
vector<pair<T, U>> zip(Iterator_T a_first, Iterator_T a_last, Iterator_U b_first, Iterator_U b_last) {
vector<pair<T, U>> res;
auto a_it = a_first;
auto b_it = b_first;
for (; not (a_it == a_last) and not (b_it == b_last); ++a_it, ++b_it) {
res.emplace_back(*a_it, *b_it);
}
return res;
}
template <typename T, typename U, typename Iterator_T, typename Iterator_U>
vector<pair<T, U>> zip_n(Iterator_T a_first, Iterator_U b_first, size_t n) {
vector<pair<T, U>> res;
if (n > 0) {
res.emplace_back(*a_first, *b_first);
for (size_t i = 1; i != n; ++i) {
res.emplace_back(*++a_first, *++b_first);
}
}
return res;
}
template <typename T>
class ArithmeticIterator : bidirectional_iterator_tag {
public:
using difference_type = ptrdiff_t;
using value_type = T;
private:
value_type value;
public:
ArithmeticIterator(const T& value) : value(value) {}
value_type operator*() const { return value; }
ArithmeticIterator<T>& operator++() { ++value; return *this; }
ArithmeticIterator<T>& operator--() { --value; return *this; }
bool operator==(const ArithmeticIterator<T>& rhs) const { return value == rhs.value; }
};
template <typename T> vector<pair<int, T>> enumerate(const vector<T>& container) {
return zip<int, T>(ArithmeticIterator<int>(0), ArithmeticIterator<int>(INT_MAX), container.begin(), container.end());
}
#define initarray(init, N) (__initarray<decay<decltype(init)>::type, (N)>(init))
namespace detail {
template <typename T, std::size_t...Is>
constexpr std::array<T, sizeof...(Is)>
make_array(const T& value, std::index_sequence<Is...>) {
return {{(static_cast<void>(Is), value)...}};
}
}
template <typename T, std::size_t N>
constexpr std::array<T, N> __initarray(const T& value) {
return detail::make_array(value, std::make_index_sequence<N>());
}
/*******************************************************/
#define SINGLE_TEST_CASE
// #define DUMP_TEST_CASE 7219
// #define TOT_TEST_CASE 10000
void dump() {}
void dump_ignore() {}
void prep() {
}
using mll = MLL<PRIME>;
// __attribute__((target("popcnt")))
void solve() {
read(ll, n);
auto factors = decompose_prime(n - 1);
mll sum = 1;
for (auto&& [x, c] : factors) {
mll curr = 1;
for (int i = 1; i <= c; ++i) {
mll phi = (x - 1) * qpow<mll>(x, i - 1);
curr += qpow<mll>(x, i) * phi;
}
sum *= curr;
}
cout << 1 + sum << '\n';
}
int main() {
#if __cplusplus < 201402L or defined(_MSC_VER) and not defined(__clang__)
assert(false && "incompatible compiler variant detected.");
#endif
untie;
prep();
#ifdef SINGLE_TEST_CASE
solve();
#else
read(int, t);
for (int i = 0; i < t; ++i) {
#ifdef DUMP_TEST_CASE
if (t != (TOT_TEST_CASE)) {
solve();
} else if (i + 1 == (DUMP_TEST_CASE)) {
dump();
} else {
dump_ignore();
}
#else
solve();
#endif
}
#endif
}

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// #pragma GCC target("popcnt,lzcnt,abm,bmi,bmi2")
#pragma GCC optimize("Ofast")
/************* This code requires C++17. ***************/
#include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
/* macro helpers */
#define __NARGS(...) std::tuple_size<decltype(std::make_tuple(__VA_ARGS__))>::value
#define __DECOMPOSE_S(a, x) auto x = a;
#define __DECOMPOSE_N(a, ...) auto [__VA_ARGS__] = a;
constexpr void __() {}
#define __AS_PROCEDURE(...) __(); __VA_ARGS__; __()
#define __as_typeof(container) remove_reference<decltype(container)>::type
/* type aliases */
#if LONG_LONG_MAX != INT64_MAX
using ll = int64_t;
using ull = uint64_t;
#else
using ll = long long;
using ull = unsigned long long;
#endif
using int128 = __int128_t;
using uint128 = __uint128_t;
using ld = long double;
using pii = pair<int, int>; using pil = pair<int, ll>; using pid = pair<int, ld>;
using pli = pair<ll, int>; using pll = pair<ll, ll>; using pld = pair<ll, ld>;
using pdi = pair<ld, int>; using pdl = pair<ld, ll>; using pdd = pair<ld, ld>;
using tiii = tuple<int, int, int>; using tiil = tuple<int, int, ll>; using tiid = tuple<int, int, ld>;
using tili = tuple<int, ll, int>; using till = tuple<int, ll, ll>; using tild = tuple<int, ll, ld>;
using tidi = tuple<int, ld, int>; using tidl = tuple<int, ld, ll>; using tidd = tuple<int, ld, ld>;
using tlii = tuple<ll, int, int>; using tlil = tuple<ll, int, ll>; using tlid = tuple<ll, int, ld>;
using tlli = tuple<ll, ll, int>; using tlll = tuple<ll, ll, ll>; using tlld = tuple<ll, ll, ld>;
using tldi = tuple<ll, ld, int>; using tldl = tuple<ll, ld, ll>; using tldd = tuple<ll, ld, ld>;
using tdii = tuple<ld, int, int>; using tdil = tuple<ld, int, ll>; using tdid = tuple<ld, int, ld>;
using tdli = tuple<ld, ll, int>; using tdll = tuple<ld, ll, ll>; using tdld = tuple<ld, ll, ld>;
using tddi = tuple<ld, ld, int>; using tddl = tuple<ld, ld, ll>; using tddd = tuple<ld, ld, ld>;
template <typename T> using max_heap = priority_queue<T>;
template <typename T> using min_heap = priority_queue<T, vector<T>, greater<>>;
template <typename T> using oi = ostream_iterator<T>;
template <typename T> using ii = istream_iterator<T>;
/* constants */
constexpr int INF = 0x3f3f3f3f;
constexpr ll INFLL = 0x3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3fLL;
constexpr ll MDL = 1e9 + 7;
constexpr ll PRIME = 998'244'353;
constexpr ll MDL1 = 8784491;
constexpr ll MDL2 = PRIME;
constexpr int128 INT128_MAX = numeric_limits<int128>::max();
constexpr uint128 UINT128_MAX = numeric_limits<uint128>::max();
constexpr int128 INT128_MIN = numeric_limits<int128>::min();
constexpr uint128 UINT128_MIN = numeric_limits<uint128>::min();
/* random */
mt19937_64 rd(chrono::duration_cast<chrono::milliseconds>(chrono::system_clock::now().time_since_epoch()).count());
/* bit-wise operations */
#define lowbit(x) ((x) & -(x))
#define popcount(x) (__builtin_popcountll(ll(x)))
#define parity(x) (__builtin_parityll(ll(x)))
#define msp(x) (63LL - __builtin_clzll(ll(x)))
#define lsp(x) (__builtin_ctzll(ll(x)))
/* arithmetic operations */
#define mod(x, y) ((((x) % (y)) + (y)) % (y))
/* fast pairs */
#define upair ull
#define umake(x, y) (ull(x) << 32 | (ull(y) & ((1ULL << 32) - 1)))
#define u1(p) ((p) >> 32)
#define u2(p) ((p) & ((1ULL << 32) - 1))
#define ult std::less<upair>
#define ugt std::greater<upair>
#define ipair ull
#define imake(x, y) (umake(x, y))
#define i1(p) (int(u1(ll(p))))
#define i2(p) (ll(u2(p) << 32) >> 32)
struct ilt {
bool operator()(const ipair& a, const ipair& b) const {
if (i1(a) == i1(b)) return i2(a) < i2(b);
else return i1(a) < i1(b);
}
};
struct igt {
bool operator()(const ipair& a, const ipair& b) const {
if (i1(a) == i1(b)) return i2(a) > i2(b);
else return i1(a) > i1(b);
}
};
/* conditions */
#define loop while (1)
#define if_or(var, val) if (!(var == val)) var = val; else
#define continue_or(var, val) __AS_PROCEDURE(if (var == val) continue; var = val;)
#define break_or(var, val) __AS_PROCEDURE(if (var == val) break; var = val;)
/* hash */
struct safe_hash {
// https://codeforces.com/blog/entry/62393
static uint64_t splitmix64(uint64_t x) {
// http://xorshift.di.unimi.it/splitmix64.c
x += 0x9e3779b97f4a7c15;
x = (x ^ (x >> 30)) * 0xbf58476d1ce4e5b9;
x = (x ^ (x >> 27)) * 0x94d049bb133111eb;
return x ^ (x >> 31);
}
size_t operator()(uint64_t x) const {
static const uint64_t FIXED_RANDOM = chrono::steady_clock::now().time_since_epoch().count();
return splitmix64(x + FIXED_RANDOM);
}
};
struct pair_hash {
template <typename T, typename U>
size_t operator()(const pair<T, U>& a) const {
auto hash1 = safe_hash()(a.first);
auto hash2 = safe_hash()(a.second);
if (hash1 != hash2) {
return hash1 ^ hash2;
}
return hash1;
}
};
uniform_int_distribution<mt19937::result_type> dist(PRIME);
const size_t __array_hash_b = 31, __array_hash_mdl1 = dist(rd), __array_hash_mdl2 = dist(rd);
struct array_hash {
template <typename Sequence>
size_t operator()(const Sequence& arr) const {
size_t pw1 = 1, pw2 = 1;
size_t res1 = 0, res2 = 0;
for (auto&& x : arr) {
res1 = (res1 + x * pw1) % __array_hash_mdl1;
res2 = (res2 + x * pw2) % __array_hash_mdl2;
pw1 = (pw1 * __array_hash_b) % __array_hash_mdl1;
pw2 = (pw2 * __array_hash_b) % __array_hash_mdl2;
}
return res1 + res2;
}
};
/* build data structures */
#define faster(um) __AS_PROCEDURE((um).reserve(1024); (um).max_load_factor(0.25);)
#define unordered_counter(from, to) __AS_PROCEDURE(unordered_map<__as_typeof(from), size_t, safe_hash> to; for (auto&& x : from) ++to[x];)
#define counter(from, to, cmp) __AS_PROCEDURE(map<__as_typeof(from), size_t, cmp> to; for (auto&& x : from) ++to[x];)
#define pa(a) __AS_PROCEDURE(__typeof(a) pa; pa.push_back({}); for (auto&&x : a) pa.push_back(pa.back() + x);)
#define sa(a) __AS_PROCEDURE(__typeof(a) sa(a.size() + 1); {int n = a.size(); for (int i = n - 1; i >= 0; --i) sa[i] = sa[i + 1] + a[i];};)
#define adj(ch, n) __AS_PROCEDURE(vector<vector<int>> ch((n) + 1);)
#define edge(ch, u, v) __AS_PROCEDURE(ch[u].push_back(v), ch[v].push_back(u);)
#define edgew(ch, u, v, ...) __AS_PROCEDURE(ch[u].emplace_back(v, __VA_ARGS__), ch[v].emplace_back(u, __VA_ARGS__);)
#define Edge(ch, u, v) __AS_PROCEDURE(ch[u].push_back(v);)
#define Edgew(ch, u, v, ...) __AS_PROCEDURE(ch[u].emplace_back(v, __VA_ARGS__);)
template <typename T, typename Iterator> pair<size_t, map<T, size_t>> discretize(Iterator __first, Iterator __last) {
set<T> st(__first, __last);
size_t N = 0;
map<T, size_t> mp;
for (auto&& x : st) mp[x] = ++N;
return {N, mp};
}
template <typename T, typename Iterator> pair<size_t, unordered_map<T, size_t, safe_hash>> unordered_discretize(Iterator __first, Iterator __last) {
set<T> st(__first, __last);
size_t N = 0;
unordered_map<T, size_t, safe_hash> mp;
for (auto&& x : st) mp[x] = ++N;
return {N, mp};
}
/* io */
#define untie __AS_PROCEDURE(ios_base::sync_with_stdio(0), cin.tie(NULL))
template<typename T, typename U> istream& operator>>(istream& in, pair<T, U>& p) {
return in >> p.first >> p.second;
}
template<typename T, typename U> ostream& operator<<(ostream& out, const pair<T, U>& p) {
out << "{" << p.first << ", " << p.second << "}";
return out;
}
template<typename Char, typename Traits, typename Tuple, std::size_t... Index>
void print_tuple_impl(std::basic_ostream<Char, Traits>& os, const Tuple& t, std::index_sequence<Index...>) {
using swallow = int[]; // guaranties left to right order
(void)swallow { 0, (void(os << (Index == 0 ? "" : ", ") << std::get<Index>(t)), 0)... };
}
template<typename Char, typename Traits, typename... Args>
decltype(auto) operator<<(std::basic_ostream<Char, Traits>& os, const std::tuple<Args...>& t) {
os << "{";
print_tuple_impl(os, t, std::index_sequence_for<Args...>{});
return os << "}";
}
template<typename T> ostream& operator<<(ostream& out, const vector<T>& vec) {
for (auto&& i : vec) out << i << ' ';
return out;
}
std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& dest, const int128& value) {
// https://stackoverflow.com/a/25115163/23881100
std::ostream::sentry s( dest );
if ( s ) {
uint128 tmp = value < 0 ? -value : value;
char buffer[ 128 ];
char* d = std::end( buffer );
do {
-- d;
*d = "0123456789"[ tmp % 10 ];
tmp /= 10;
} while ( tmp != 0 );
if ( value < 0 ) {
-- d;
*d = '-';
}
int len = std::end( buffer ) - d;
if ( dest.rdbuf()->sputn( d, len ) != len ) {
dest.setstate( std::ios_base::badbit );
}
}
return dest;
}
template<typename T> void __read(T& x) { cin >> x; }
template<typename T, typename... U> void __read(T& x, U&... args) { cin >> x; __read(args...); }
#define read(type, ...) __AS_PROCEDURE(type __VA_ARGS__; __read(__VA_ARGS__);)
#define readvec(type, a, n) __AS_PROCEDURE(vector<type> a(n); for (auto& x : a) cin >> x;)
#define readvec1(type, a, n) __AS_PROCEDURE(vector<type> a((n) + 1); copy_n(ii<type>(cin), (n), a.begin() + 1);)
#define putvec(a) __AS_PROCEDURE(copy(a.begin(), a.end(), oi<__as_typeof(a)::value_type>(cout, " ")); cout << endl;)
#define putvec1(a) __AS_PROCEDURE(copy(a.begin() + 1, a.end(), oi<__as_typeof(a)::value_type>(cout, " ")); cout << endl;)
#define putvec_eol(a) __AS_PROCEDURE(copy(a.begin(), a.end(), oi<__as_typeof(a)::value_type>(cout, "\n"));)
#define putvec1_eol(a) __AS_PROCEDURE(copy(a.begin() + 1, a.end(), oi<__as_typeof(a)::value_type>(cout, "\n"));)
#define debug(x) __AS_PROCEDURE(cerr << #x" = " << (x) << endl;)
#define debugvec(a) __AS_PROCEDURE(cerr << #a" = "; for (auto&& x : a) cerr << x << ' '; cerr << endl;)
#define deb(...) debug(make_tuple(__VA_ARGS__))
/* pops */
#define poptop(q, ...) __AS_PROCEDURE(auto [__VA_ARGS__] = q.top(); q.pop();)
#define popback(q, ...) __AS_PROCEDURE(auto [__VA_ARGS__] = q.back(); q.pop_back();)
#define popfront(q, ...) __AS_PROCEDURE(auto [__VA_ARGS__] = q.front();q.pop_front();)
/* math */
template <typename return_t>
return_t qpow(ll b, ll p) {
if (b == 0 and p != 0) return 0;
if (p == 0) return 1;
return_t half = qpow<return_t>(b, p / 2);
if (p % 2 == 1) return half * half * b;
else return half * half;
}
#define comb(n, k) ((n) < 0 or (k) < 0 or (n) < (k) ? 0 : fact[n] / fact[k] / fact[(n) - (k)])
#define fastcomb(n, k) ((n) < 0 or (k) < 0 or (n) < (k) ? 0 : fact[n] * factrev[k] * factrev[(n) - (k)])
constexpr inline int lg2(ll x) { return x == 0 ? -1 : sizeof(ll) * 8 - 1 - __builtin_clzll(x); }
void __exgcd(ll a, ll b, ll& x, ll& y) {
if (b == 0) {
x = 1, y = 0;
return;
}
__exgcd(b, a % b, y, x);
y -= a / b * x;
}
ll inverse(ll a, ll b) {
ll x, y;
__exgcd(a, b, x, y);
return mod(x, b);
}
vector<tuple<int, int, ll>> decompose(ll x) {
// return (factor, count, factor ** count)
vector<tuple<int, int, ll>> res;
for (int i = 2; i * i <= x; i++) {
if (x % i == 0) {
int cnt = 0;
ll pw = 1;
while (x % i == 0) ++cnt, x /= i, pw *= i;
res.emplace_back(i, cnt, pw);
}
}
if (x != 1) {
res.emplace_back(x, 1, x);
}
return res;
}
vector<pii> decompose_prime(int N) {
// return (factor, count)
vector<pii> result;
for (int i = 2; i * i <= N; i++) {
if (N % i == 0) {
int cnt = 0;
while (N % i == 0) N /= i, ++cnt;
result.emplace_back(i, cnt);
}
}
if (N != 1) {
result.emplace_back(N, 1);
}
return result;
}
/* string algorithms */
vector<int> calc_next(string t) { // pi function of t
int n = (int)t.length();
vector<int> pi(n);
for (int i = 1; i < n; i++) {
int j = pi[i - 1];
while (j > 0 && t[i] != t[j]) j = pi[j - 1];
if (t[i] == t[j]) j++;
pi[i] = j;
}
return pi;
}
vector<int> calc_z(string t) { // z function of t
int m = t.length();
vector<int> z;
z.push_back(m);
pair<int, int> prev = {1, -1};
for (int i = 1; i < m; ++i) {
if (z[i - prev.first] + i <= prev.second) {
z.push_back(z[i - prev.first]);
} else {
int j = max(i, prev.second + 1);
while (j < m && t[j] == t[j - i]) ++j;
z.push_back(j - i);
prev = {i, j - 1};
}
}
return z;
}
vector<int> kmp(string s, string t) { // find all t in s
string cur = t + '#' + s;
int sz1 = s.size(), sz2 = t.size();
vector<int> v;
vector<int> lps = calc_next(cur);
for (int i = sz2 + 1; i <= sz1 + sz2; i++) {
if (lps[i] == sz2) v.push_back(i - 2 * sz2);
}
return v;
}
int period(string s) { // find the length of shortest recurring period
int n = s.length();
auto z = calc_z(s);
for (int i = 1; i <= n / 2; ++i) {
if (n % i == 0 && z[i] == n - i) {
return i;
}
}
return n;
}
/* modular arithmetic */
template <ll mdl> struct MLL {
ll val;
MLL(ll v = 0) : val(mod(v, mdl)) {}
MLL(const MLL<mdl>& other) : val(other.val) {}
friend MLL operator+(const MLL& lhs, const MLL& rhs) { return mod(lhs.val + rhs.val, mdl); }
friend MLL operator-(const MLL& lhs, const MLL& rhs) { return mod(lhs.val - rhs.val, mdl); }
friend MLL operator*(const MLL& lhs, const MLL& rhs) { return mod(lhs.val * rhs.val, mdl); }
friend MLL operator/(const MLL& lhs, const MLL& rhs) { return mod(lhs.val * mod(inverse(rhs.val, mdl), mdl), mdl); }
friend MLL operator%(const MLL& lhs, const MLL& rhs) { return mod(lhs.val - (lhs / rhs).val, mdl); }
friend bool operator==(const MLL& lhs, const MLL& rhs) { return lhs.val == rhs.val; }
friend bool operator!=(const MLL& lhs, const MLL& rhs) { return lhs.val != rhs.val; }
void operator+=(const MLL& rhs) { val = (*this + rhs).val; }
void operator-=(const MLL& rhs) { val = (*this - rhs).val; }
void operator*=(const MLL& rhs) { val = (*this * rhs).val; }
void operator/=(const MLL& rhs) { val = (*this / rhs).val; }
void operator%=(const MLL& rhs) { val = (*this % rhs).val; }
};
template <ll mdl>
ostream& operator<<(ostream& out, const MLL<mdl>& num) {
return out << num.val;
}
template <ll mdl>
istream& operator>>(istream& in, MLL<mdl>& num) {
return in >> num.val;
}
// miscancellous
template <typename T, typename U>
bool chmax(T& lhs, const U& rhs) {
bool ret = lhs < rhs;
if (ret) {
lhs = rhs;
}
return ret;
}
template <typename T, typename U>
bool chmin(T& lhs, const U& rhs) {
bool ret = lhs > rhs;
if (ret) {
lhs = rhs;
}
return ret;
}
#define functor(func) ([&](auto&&... val) \
noexcept(noexcept(func(std::forward<decltype(val)>(val)...))) -> decltype(auto) \
{return func(std::forward<decltype(val)>(val)...);})
#define expr(ret, ...) ([&] (__VA_ARGS__) { return (ret); })
template <typename Func, typename RandomIt> void sort_by_key(RandomIt first, RandomIt last, Func extractor) {
std::sort(first, last, [&] (auto&& a, auto&& b) { return std::less<>()(extractor(a), extractor(b)); });
}
template <typename Func, typename RandomIt, typename Compare> void sort_by_key(RandomIt first, RandomIt last, Func extractor, Compare comp) {
std::sort(first, last, [&] (auto&& a, auto&& b) { return comp(extractor(a), extractor(b)); });
}
template <typename T, typename U, typename Iterator_T, typename Iterator_U>
vector<pair<T, U>> zip(Iterator_T a_first, Iterator_T a_last, Iterator_U b_first, Iterator_U b_last) {
vector<pair<T, U>> res;
auto a_it = a_first;
auto b_it = b_first;
for (; not (a_it == a_last) and not (b_it == b_last); ++a_it, ++b_it) {
res.emplace_back(*a_it, *b_it);
}
return res;
}
template <typename T, typename U, typename Iterator_T, typename Iterator_U>
vector<pair<T, U>> zip_n(Iterator_T a_first, Iterator_U b_first, size_t n) {
vector<pair<T, U>> res;
if (n > 0) {
res.emplace_back(*a_first, *b_first);
for (size_t i = 1; i != n; ++i) {
res.emplace_back(*++a_first, *++b_first);
}
}
return res;
}
template <typename T>
class ArithmeticIterator : bidirectional_iterator_tag {
public:
using difference_type = ptrdiff_t;
using value_type = T;
private:
value_type value;
public:
ArithmeticIterator(const T& value) : value(value) {}
value_type operator*() const { return value; }
ArithmeticIterator<T>& operator++() { ++value; return *this; }
ArithmeticIterator<T>& operator--() { --value; return *this; }
bool operator==(const ArithmeticIterator<T>& rhs) const { return value == rhs.value; }
};
template <typename T> vector<pair<int, T>> enumerate(const vector<T>& container) {
return zip<int, T>(ArithmeticIterator<int>(0), ArithmeticIterator<int>(INT_MAX), container.begin(), container.end());
}
#define initarray(init, N) (__initarray<decay<decltype(init)>::type, (N)>(init))
namespace detail {
template <typename T, std::size_t...Is>
constexpr std::array<T, sizeof...(Is)>
make_array(const T& value, std::index_sequence<Is...>) {
return {{(static_cast<void>(Is), value)...}};
}
}
template <typename T, std::size_t N>
constexpr std::array<T, N> __initarray(const T& value) {
return detail::make_array(value, std::make_index_sequence<N>());
}
/*******************************************************/
#define SINGLE_TEST_CASE
// #define DUMP_TEST_CASE 7219
// #define TOT_TEST_CASE 10000
void dump() {}
void dump_ignore() {}
void prep() {
}
// __attribute__((target("popcnt")))
void solve() {
read(int, n, m);
read(int, hb, wb, hw, ww);
chmin(hw, hb);
chmin(ww, wb);
vector a(n, vector<int>(m));
for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
for (int j = 0; j < m; ++j) {
cin >> a[i][j];
}
}
vector ps(n + 1, vector<ll>(m + 1));
for (int i = 1; i <= n; ++i) {
for (int j = 1; j <= m; ++j) {
ps[i][j] = ps[i - 1][j] + ps[i][j - 1] - ps[i - 1][j - 1] + a[i - 1][j - 1];
}
}
int row_size = hb - hw + 1;
int col_size = wb - ww + 1;
// deb(row_size, col_size);
vector c(n, vector<ll>(m));
auto rect = [&] (int i, int j, int h, int w) {
return ps[i + h][j + w] - ps[i][j + w] - ps[i + h][j] + ps[i][j];
};
for (int j = 0; j + ww <= m; ++j) {
multiset<ll> curr;
for (int i = 0; i + hw <= n; ++i) {
curr.emplace(rect(i, j, hw, ww));
if (i >= row_size - 1) {
c[i - row_size + 1][j] = *curr.rbegin();
curr.erase(curr.lower_bound(rect(i - row_size + 1, j, hw, ww)));
}
}
}
ll res = 0;
for (int i = 0; i + hb <= n; ++i) {
multiset<ll> curr;
for (int j = 0; j - col_size + 1 + wb <= m; ++j) {
curr.emplace(c[i][j]);
if (j >= col_size - 1) {
// deb(i, j, rect(i, j - col_size + 1, hb, wb), *curr.rbegin());
chmax(res, rect(i, j - col_size + 1, hb, wb) - *curr.rbegin());
curr.erase(curr.lower_bound(c[i][j - col_size + 1]));
}
}
}
cout << res << '\n';
}
int main() {
#if __cplusplus < 201402L or defined(_MSC_VER) and not defined(__clang__)
assert(false && "incompatible compiler variant detected.");
#endif
untie;
prep();
#ifdef SINGLE_TEST_CASE
solve();
#else
read(int, t);
for (int i = 0; i < t; ++i) {
#ifdef DUMP_TEST_CASE
if (t != (TOT_TEST_CASE)) {
solve();
} else if (i + 1 == (DUMP_TEST_CASE)) {
dump();
} else {
dump_ignore();
}
#else
solve();
#endif
}
#endif
}

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// #pragma GCC target("popcnt,lzcnt,abm,bmi,bmi2")
#pragma GCC optimize("Ofast")
/************* This code requires C++17. ***************/
#include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
/* macro helpers */
#define __NARGS(...) std::tuple_size<decltype(std::make_tuple(__VA_ARGS__))>::value
#define __DECOMPOSE_S(a, x) auto x = a;
#define __DECOMPOSE_N(a, ...) auto [__VA_ARGS__] = a;
constexpr void __() {}
#define __AS_PROCEDURE(...) __(); __VA_ARGS__; __()
#define __as_typeof(container) remove_reference<decltype(container)>::type
/* type aliases */
#if LONG_LONG_MAX != INT64_MAX
using ll = int64_t;
using ull = uint64_t;
#else
using ll = long long;
using ull = unsigned long long;
#endif
using int128 = __int128_t;
using uint128 = __uint128_t;
using ld = long double;
using pii = pair<int, int>; using pil = pair<int, ll>; using pid = pair<int, ld>;
using pli = pair<ll, int>; using pll = pair<ll, ll>; using pld = pair<ll, ld>;
using pdi = pair<ld, int>; using pdl = pair<ld, ll>; using pdd = pair<ld, ld>;
using tiii = tuple<int, int, int>; using tiil = tuple<int, int, ll>; using tiid = tuple<int, int, ld>;
using tili = tuple<int, ll, int>; using till = tuple<int, ll, ll>; using tild = tuple<int, ll, ld>;
using tidi = tuple<int, ld, int>; using tidl = tuple<int, ld, ll>; using tidd = tuple<int, ld, ld>;
using tlii = tuple<ll, int, int>; using tlil = tuple<ll, int, ll>; using tlid = tuple<ll, int, ld>;
using tlli = tuple<ll, ll, int>; using tlll = tuple<ll, ll, ll>; using tlld = tuple<ll, ll, ld>;
using tldi = tuple<ll, ld, int>; using tldl = tuple<ll, ld, ll>; using tldd = tuple<ll, ld, ld>;
using tdii = tuple<ld, int, int>; using tdil = tuple<ld, int, ll>; using tdid = tuple<ld, int, ld>;
using tdli = tuple<ld, ll, int>; using tdll = tuple<ld, ll, ll>; using tdld = tuple<ld, ll, ld>;
using tddi = tuple<ld, ld, int>; using tddl = tuple<ld, ld, ll>; using tddd = tuple<ld, ld, ld>;
template <typename T> using max_heap = priority_queue<T>;
template <typename T> using min_heap = priority_queue<T, vector<T>, greater<>>;
template <typename T> using oi = ostream_iterator<T>;
template <typename T> using ii = istream_iterator<T>;
/* constants */
constexpr int INF = 0x3f3f3f3f;
constexpr ll INFLL = 0x3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3fLL;
constexpr ll MDL = 1e9 + 7;
constexpr ll PRIME = 998'244'353;
constexpr ll MDL1 = 8784491;
constexpr ll MDL2 = PRIME;
constexpr int128 INT128_MAX = numeric_limits<int128>::max();
constexpr uint128 UINT128_MAX = numeric_limits<uint128>::max();
constexpr int128 INT128_MIN = numeric_limits<int128>::min();
constexpr uint128 UINT128_MIN = numeric_limits<uint128>::min();
/* random */
mt19937_64 rd(chrono::duration_cast<chrono::milliseconds>(chrono::system_clock::now().time_since_epoch()).count());
/* bit-wise operations */
#define lowbit(x) ((x) & -(x))
#define popcount(x) (__builtin_popcountll(ll(x)))
#define parity(x) (__builtin_parityll(ll(x)))
#define msp(x) (63LL - __builtin_clzll(ll(x)))
#define lsp(x) (__builtin_ctzll(ll(x)))
/* arithmetic operations */
#define mod(x, y) ((((x) % (y)) + (y)) % (y))
/* fast pairs */
#define upair ull
#define umake(x, y) (ull(x) << 32 | (ull(y) & ((1ULL << 32) - 1)))
#define u1(p) ((p) >> 32)
#define u2(p) ((p) & ((1ULL << 32) - 1))
#define ult std::less<upair>
#define ugt std::greater<upair>
#define ipair ull
#define imake(x, y) (umake(x, y))
#define i1(p) (int(u1(ll(p))))
#define i2(p) (ll(u2(p) << 32) >> 32)
struct ilt {
bool operator()(const ipair& a, const ipair& b) const {
if (i1(a) == i1(b)) return i2(a) < i2(b);
else return i1(a) < i1(b);
}
};
struct igt {
bool operator()(const ipair& a, const ipair& b) const {
if (i1(a) == i1(b)) return i2(a) > i2(b);
else return i1(a) > i1(b);
}
};
/* conditions */
#define loop while (1)
#define if_or(var, val) if (!(var == val)) var = val; else
#define continue_or(var, val) __AS_PROCEDURE(if (var == val) continue; var = val;)
#define break_or(var, val) __AS_PROCEDURE(if (var == val) break; var = val;)
/* hash */
struct safe_hash {
// https://codeforces.com/blog/entry/62393
static uint64_t splitmix64(uint64_t x) {
// http://xorshift.di.unimi.it/splitmix64.c
x += 0x9e3779b97f4a7c15;
x = (x ^ (x >> 30)) * 0xbf58476d1ce4e5b9;
x = (x ^ (x >> 27)) * 0x94d049bb133111eb;
return x ^ (x >> 31);
}
size_t operator()(uint64_t x) const {
static const uint64_t FIXED_RANDOM = chrono::steady_clock::now().time_since_epoch().count();
return splitmix64(x + FIXED_RANDOM);
}
};
struct pair_hash {
template <typename T, typename U>
size_t operator()(const pair<T, U>& a) const {
auto hash1 = safe_hash()(a.first);
auto hash2 = safe_hash()(a.second);
if (hash1 != hash2) {
return hash1 ^ hash2;
}
return hash1;
}
};
uniform_int_distribution<mt19937::result_type> dist(PRIME);
const size_t __array_hash_b = 31, __array_hash_mdl1 = dist(rd), __array_hash_mdl2 = dist(rd);
struct array_hash {
template <typename Sequence>
size_t operator()(const Sequence& arr) const {
size_t pw1 = 1, pw2 = 1;
size_t res1 = 0, res2 = 0;
for (auto&& x : arr) {
res1 = (res1 + x * pw1) % __array_hash_mdl1;
res2 = (res2 + x * pw2) % __array_hash_mdl2;
pw1 = (pw1 * __array_hash_b) % __array_hash_mdl1;
pw2 = (pw2 * __array_hash_b) % __array_hash_mdl2;
}
return res1 + res2;
}
};
/* build data structures */
#define faster(um) __AS_PROCEDURE((um).reserve(1024); (um).max_load_factor(0.25);)
#define unordered_counter(from, to) __AS_PROCEDURE(unordered_map<__as_typeof(from), size_t, safe_hash> to; for (auto&& x : from) ++to[x];)
#define counter(from, to, cmp) __AS_PROCEDURE(map<__as_typeof(from), size_t, cmp> to; for (auto&& x : from) ++to[x];)
#define pa(a) __AS_PROCEDURE(__typeof(a) pa; pa.push_back({}); for (auto&&x : a) pa.push_back(pa.back() + x);)
#define sa(a) __AS_PROCEDURE(__typeof(a) sa(a.size() + 1); {int n = a.size(); for (int i = n - 1; i >= 0; --i) sa[i] = sa[i + 1] + a[i];};)
#define adj(ch, n) __AS_PROCEDURE(vector<vector<int>> ch((n) + 1);)
#define edge(ch, u, v) __AS_PROCEDURE(ch[u].push_back(v), ch[v].push_back(u);)
#define edgew(ch, u, v, ...) __AS_PROCEDURE(ch[u].emplace_back(v, __VA_ARGS__), ch[v].emplace_back(u, __VA_ARGS__);)
#define Edge(ch, u, v) __AS_PROCEDURE(ch[u].push_back(v);)
#define Edgew(ch, u, v, ...) __AS_PROCEDURE(ch[u].emplace_back(v, __VA_ARGS__);)
template <typename T, typename Iterator> pair<size_t, map<T, size_t>> discretize(Iterator __first, Iterator __last) {
set<T> st(__first, __last);
size_t N = 0;
map<T, size_t> mp;
for (auto&& x : st) mp[x] = ++N;
return {N, mp};
}
template <typename T, typename Iterator> pair<size_t, unordered_map<T, size_t, safe_hash>> unordered_discretize(Iterator __first, Iterator __last) {
set<T> st(__first, __last);
size_t N = 0;
unordered_map<T, size_t, safe_hash> mp;
for (auto&& x : st) mp[x] = ++N;
return {N, mp};
}
/* io */
#define untie __AS_PROCEDURE(ios_base::sync_with_stdio(0), cin.tie(NULL))
template<typename T, typename U> istream& operator>>(istream& in, pair<T, U>& p) {
return in >> p.first >> p.second;
}
template<typename T, typename U> ostream& operator<<(ostream& out, const pair<T, U>& p) {
out << "{" << p.first << ", " << p.second << "}";
return out;
}
template<typename Char, typename Traits, typename Tuple, std::size_t... Index>
void print_tuple_impl(std::basic_ostream<Char, Traits>& os, const Tuple& t, std::index_sequence<Index...>) {
using swallow = int[]; // guaranties left to right order
(void)swallow { 0, (void(os << (Index == 0 ? "" : ", ") << std::get<Index>(t)), 0)... };
}
template<typename Char, typename Traits, typename... Args>
decltype(auto) operator<<(std::basic_ostream<Char, Traits>& os, const std::tuple<Args...>& t) {
os << "{";
print_tuple_impl(os, t, std::index_sequence_for<Args...>{});
return os << "}";
}
template<typename T> ostream& operator<<(ostream& out, const vector<T>& vec) {
for (auto&& i : vec) out << i << ' ';
return out;
}
std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& dest, const int128& value) {
// https://stackoverflow.com/a/25115163/23881100
std::ostream::sentry s( dest );
if ( s ) {
uint128 tmp = value < 0 ? -value : value;
char buffer[ 128 ];
char* d = std::end( buffer );
do {
-- d;
*d = "0123456789"[ tmp % 10 ];
tmp /= 10;
} while ( tmp != 0 );
if ( value < 0 ) {
-- d;
*d = '-';
}
int len = std::end( buffer ) - d;
if ( dest.rdbuf()->sputn( d, len ) != len ) {
dest.setstate( std::ios_base::badbit );
}
}
return dest;
}
template<typename T> void __read(T& x) { cin >> x; }
template<typename T, typename... U> void __read(T& x, U&... args) { cin >> x; __read(args...); }
#define read(type, ...) __AS_PROCEDURE(type __VA_ARGS__; __read(__VA_ARGS__);)
#define readvec(type, a, n) __AS_PROCEDURE(vector<type> a(n); for (auto& x : a) cin >> x;)
#define readvec1(type, a, n) __AS_PROCEDURE(vector<type> a((n) + 1); copy_n(ii<type>(cin), (n), a.begin() + 1);)
#define putvec(a) __AS_PROCEDURE(copy(a.begin(), a.end(), oi<__as_typeof(a)::value_type>(cout, " ")); cout << endl;)
#define putvec1(a) __AS_PROCEDURE(copy(a.begin() + 1, a.end(), oi<__as_typeof(a)::value_type>(cout, " ")); cout << endl;)
#define putvec_eol(a) __AS_PROCEDURE(copy(a.begin(), a.end(), oi<__as_typeof(a)::value_type>(cout, "\n"));)
#define putvec1_eol(a) __AS_PROCEDURE(copy(a.begin() + 1, a.end(), oi<__as_typeof(a)::value_type>(cout, "\n"));)
#define debug(x) __AS_PROCEDURE(cerr << #x" = " << (x) << endl;)
#define debugvec(a) __AS_PROCEDURE(cerr << #a" = "; for (auto&& x : a) cerr << x << ' '; cerr << endl;)
#define deb(...) debug(make_tuple(__VA_ARGS__))
/* pops */
#define poptop(q, ...) __AS_PROCEDURE(auto [__VA_ARGS__] = q.top(); q.pop();)
#define popback(q, ...) __AS_PROCEDURE(auto [__VA_ARGS__] = q.back(); q.pop_back();)
#define popfront(q, ...) __AS_PROCEDURE(auto [__VA_ARGS__] = q.front();q.pop_front();)
/* math */
template <typename return_t>
return_t qpow(ll b, ll p) {
if (b == 0 and p != 0) return 0;
if (p == 0) return 1;
return_t half = qpow<return_t>(b, p / 2);
if (p % 2 == 1) return half * half * b;
else return half * half;
}
#define comb(n, k) ((n) < 0 or (k) < 0 or (n) < (k) ? 0 : fact[n] / fact[k] / fact[(n) - (k)])
#define fastcomb(n, k) ((n) < 0 or (k) < 0 or (n) < (k) ? 0 : fact[n] * factrev[k] * factrev[(n) - (k)])
constexpr inline int lg2(ll x) { return x == 0 ? -1 : sizeof(ll) * 8 - 1 - __builtin_clzll(x); }
void __exgcd(ll a, ll b, ll& x, ll& y) {
if (b == 0) {
x = 1, y = 0;
return;
}
__exgcd(b, a % b, y, x);
y -= a / b * x;
}
ll inverse(ll a, ll b) {
ll x, y;
__exgcd(a, b, x, y);
return mod(x, b);
}
vector<tuple<int, int, ll>> decompose(ll x) {
// return (factor, count, factor ** count)
vector<tuple<int, int, ll>> res;
for (int i = 2; i * i <= x; i++) {
if (x % i == 0) {
int cnt = 0;
ll pw = 1;
while (x % i == 0) ++cnt, x /= i, pw *= i;
res.emplace_back(i, cnt, pw);
}
}
if (x != 1) {
res.emplace_back(x, 1, x);
}
return res;
}
vector<pii> decompose_prime(int N) {
// return (factor, count)
vector<pii> result;
for (int i = 2; i * i <= N; i++) {
if (N % i == 0) {
int cnt = 0;
while (N % i == 0) N /= i, ++cnt;
result.emplace_back(i, cnt);
}
}
if (N != 1) {
result.emplace_back(N, 1);
}
return result;
}
/* string algorithms */
vector<int> calc_next(string t) { // pi function of t
int n = (int)t.length();
vector<int> pi(n);
for (int i = 1; i < n; i++) {
int j = pi[i - 1];
while (j > 0 && t[i] != t[j]) j = pi[j - 1];
if (t[i] == t[j]) j++;
pi[i] = j;
}
return pi;
}
vector<int> calc_z(string t) { // z function of t
int m = t.length();
vector<int> z;
z.push_back(m);
pair<int, int> prev = {1, -1};
for (int i = 1; i < m; ++i) {
if (z[i - prev.first] + i <= prev.second) {
z.push_back(z[i - prev.first]);
} else {
int j = max(i, prev.second + 1);
while (j < m && t[j] == t[j - i]) ++j;
z.push_back(j - i);
prev = {i, j - 1};
}
}
return z;
}
vector<int> kmp(string s, string t) { // find all t in s
string cur = t + '#' + s;
int sz1 = s.size(), sz2 = t.size();
vector<int> v;
vector<int> lps = calc_next(cur);
for (int i = sz2 + 1; i <= sz1 + sz2; i++) {
if (lps[i] == sz2) v.push_back(i - 2 * sz2);
}
return v;
}
int period(string s) { // find the length of shortest recurring period
int n = s.length();
auto z = calc_z(s);
for (int i = 1; i <= n / 2; ++i) {
if (n % i == 0 && z[i] == n - i) {
return i;
}
}
return n;
}
/* modular arithmetic */
template <ll mdl> struct MLL {
ll val;
MLL(ll v = 0) : val(mod(v, mdl)) {}
MLL(const MLL<mdl>& other) : val(other.val) {}
friend MLL operator+(const MLL& lhs, const MLL& rhs) { return mod(lhs.val + rhs.val, mdl); }
friend MLL operator-(const MLL& lhs, const MLL& rhs) { return mod(lhs.val - rhs.val, mdl); }
friend MLL operator*(const MLL& lhs, const MLL& rhs) { return mod(lhs.val * rhs.val, mdl); }
friend MLL operator/(const MLL& lhs, const MLL& rhs) { return mod(lhs.val * mod(inverse(rhs.val, mdl), mdl), mdl); }
friend MLL operator%(const MLL& lhs, const MLL& rhs) { return mod(lhs.val - (lhs / rhs).val, mdl); }
friend bool operator==(const MLL& lhs, const MLL& rhs) { return lhs.val == rhs.val; }
friend bool operator!=(const MLL& lhs, const MLL& rhs) { return lhs.val != rhs.val; }
void operator+=(const MLL& rhs) { val = (*this + rhs).val; }
void operator-=(const MLL& rhs) { val = (*this - rhs).val; }
void operator*=(const MLL& rhs) { val = (*this * rhs).val; }
void operator/=(const MLL& rhs) { val = (*this / rhs).val; }
void operator%=(const MLL& rhs) { val = (*this % rhs).val; }
};
template <ll mdl>
ostream& operator<<(ostream& out, const MLL<mdl>& num) {
return out << num.val;
}
template <ll mdl>
istream& operator>>(istream& in, MLL<mdl>& num) {
return in >> num.val;
}
// miscancellous
template <typename T, typename U>
bool chmax(T& lhs, const U& rhs) {
bool ret = lhs < rhs;
if (ret) {
lhs = rhs;
}
return ret;
}
template <typename T, typename U>
bool chmin(T& lhs, const U& rhs) {
bool ret = lhs > rhs;
if (ret) {
lhs = rhs;
}
return ret;
}
#define functor(func) ([&](auto&&... val) \
noexcept(noexcept(func(std::forward<decltype(val)>(val)...))) -> decltype(auto) \
{return func(std::forward<decltype(val)>(val)...);})
#define expr(ret, ...) ([&] (__VA_ARGS__) { return (ret); })
template <typename Func, typename RandomIt> void sort_by_key(RandomIt first, RandomIt last, Func extractor) {
std::sort(first, last, [&] (auto&& a, auto&& b) { return std::less<>()(extractor(a), extractor(b)); });
}
template <typename Func, typename RandomIt, typename Compare> void sort_by_key(RandomIt first, RandomIt last, Func extractor, Compare comp) {
std::sort(first, last, [&] (auto&& a, auto&& b) { return comp(extractor(a), extractor(b)); });
}
template <typename T, typename U, typename Iterator_T, typename Iterator_U>
vector<pair<T, U>> zip(Iterator_T a_first, Iterator_T a_last, Iterator_U b_first, Iterator_U b_last) {
vector<pair<T, U>> res;
auto a_it = a_first;
auto b_it = b_first;
for (; not (a_it == a_last) and not (b_it == b_last); ++a_it, ++b_it) {
res.emplace_back(*a_it, *b_it);
}
return res;
}
template <typename T, typename U, typename Iterator_T, typename Iterator_U>
vector<pair<T, U>> zip_n(Iterator_T a_first, Iterator_U b_first, size_t n) {
vector<pair<T, U>> res;
if (n > 0) {
res.emplace_back(*a_first, *b_first);
for (size_t i = 1; i != n; ++i) {
res.emplace_back(*++a_first, *++b_first);
}
}
return res;
}
template <typename T>
class ArithmeticIterator : bidirectional_iterator_tag {
public:
using difference_type = ptrdiff_t;
using value_type = T;
private:
value_type value;
public:
ArithmeticIterator(const T& value) : value(value) {}
value_type operator*() const { return value; }
ArithmeticIterator<T>& operator++() { ++value; return *this; }
ArithmeticIterator<T>& operator--() { --value; return *this; }
bool operator==(const ArithmeticIterator<T>& rhs) const { return value == rhs.value; }
};
template <typename T> vector<pair<int, T>> enumerate(const vector<T>& container) {
return zip<int, T>(ArithmeticIterator<int>(0), ArithmeticIterator<int>(INT_MAX), container.begin(), container.end());
}
#define initarray(init, N) (__initarray<decay<decltype(init)>::type, (N)>(init))
namespace detail {
template <typename T, std::size_t...Is>
constexpr std::array<T, sizeof...(Is)>
make_array(const T& value, std::index_sequence<Is...>) {
return {{(static_cast<void>(Is), value)...}};
}
}
template <typename T, std::size_t N>
constexpr std::array<T, N> __initarray(const T& value) {
return detail::make_array(value, std::make_index_sequence<N>());
}
/*******************************************************/
#define SINGLE_TEST_CASE
// #define DUMP_TEST_CASE 7219
// #define TOT_TEST_CASE 10000
void dump() {}
void dump_ignore() {}
void prep() {
}
template<typename Addable_Info_t, typename Tag_t, typename Sequence = std::vector<Addable_Info_t>> class segtree {
private:
using size_type = uint64_t;
using info_type = Addable_Info_t;
using tag_type = Tag_t;
size_type _max;
vector<info_type> d;
vector<tag_type> b;
void pull(size_type p) {
d[p] = d[p * 2] + d[p * 2 + 1];
}
void push(size_type p, size_type left_len, size_type right_len) {
d[p * 2].apply(b[p], left_len), d[p * 2 + 1].apply(b[p], right_len);
b[p * 2].apply(b[p]), b[p * 2 + 1].apply(b[p]);
b[p] = tag_type();
}
void set(size_type s, size_type t, size_type p, size_type x, const info_type& c) {
if (s == t) {
d[p] = c;
return;
}
size_type m = s + (t - s >> 1);
if (s != t) push(p, m - s + 1, t - m);
if (x <= m) set(s, m, p * 2, x, c);
else set(m + 1, t, p * 2 + 1, x, c);
pull(p);
}
void range_apply(size_type s, size_type t, size_type p, size_type l, size_type r, const tag_type& c) {
if (l <= s && t <= r) {
d[p].apply(c, t - s + 1);
b[p].apply(c);
return;
}
size_type m = s + (t - s >> 1);
push(p, m - s + 1, t - m);
if (l <= m) range_apply(s, m, p * 2, l, r, c);
if (r > m) range_apply(m + 1, t, p * 2 + 1, l, r, c);
pull(p);
}
info_type range_query(size_type s, size_type t, size_type p, size_type l, size_type r) {
if (l <= s && t <= r) {
return d[p];
}
size_type m = s + (t - s >> 1);
info_type res = {};
push(p, m - s + 1, t - m);
if (l <= m) res = res + range_query(s, m, p * 2, l, r);
if (r > m) res = res + range_query(m + 1, t, p * 2 + 1, l, r);
return res;
}
ll binary_search(size_type s, size_type t, size_type p, int cnt) {
if (s == t) {
if (d[p].cnt == cnt) {
return s;
} else {
return -INFLL;
}
}
size_type m = s + (t - s >> 1);
push(p, m - s + 1, t - m);
if (d[p * 2].cnt >= cnt) return binary_search(s, m, p * 2, cnt);
else return binary_search(m + 1, t, p * 2 + 1, cnt - d[p * 2].cnt);
}
void build(const Sequence& a, size_type s, size_type t, size_type p) {
if (s == t) {
d[p] = a[s];
return;
}
int m = s + (t - s >> 1);
build(a, s, m, p * 2);
build(a, m + 1, t, p * 2 + 1);
pull(p);
}
public:
segtree(size_type __max) : d(4 * __max), b(4 * __max), _max(__max - 1) {}
segtree(const Sequence& a) : segtree(a.size()) {
build(a, {}, _max, 1);
}
void set(size_type i, const info_type& c) {
set({}, _max, 1, i, c);
}
void range_apply(size_type l, size_type r, const tag_type& c) {
range_apply({}, _max, 1, l, r, c);
}
void apply(size_type i, const tag_type& c) {
range_apply(i, i, c);
}
info_type range_query(size_type l, size_type r) {
return range_query({}, _max, 1, l, r);
}
ll binary_search(int cnt) {
return binary_search({}, _max, 1, cnt);
}
info_type query(size_type i) {
return range_query(i, i);
}
Sequence serialize() {
Sequence res = {};
for (size_type i = 0; i <= _max; ++i) {
res.push_back(query(i));
}
return res;
}
const vector<info_type>& get_d() {
return d;
}
};
struct Tag {
void apply(const Tag& rhs) { }
};
struct Info {
int cnt = 0;
ll val = 0;
void apply(const Tag& rhs, size_t len) { }
};
Info operator+(const Info &a, const Info &b) {
return {
.cnt = a.cnt + b.cnt,
.val = a.val + b.val,
};
}
// __attribute__((target("popcnt")))
void solve() {
int n = 0;
vector<int> a;
vector<int> b;
{
int cnt = 0;
read(string, s);
for (auto&& c : s) {
n += 1;
a.emplace_back(c == 'Y');
if (a.back()) {
cnt += 1;
b.emplace_back(cnt);
} else {
b.emplace_back(0);
}
}
}
read(ll, k);
vector<int> oc;
for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
oc.emplace_back(a[i] + b[i]);
}
sort(oc.begin(), oc.end());
int m = unique(oc.begin(), oc.end()) - oc.begin();
oc.resize(m);
segtree<Info, Tag> tr(m);
auto get = [&] (int x) {
return lower_bound(oc.begin(), oc.end(), x) - oc.begin();
};
auto check = [&] (int target) {
if (target == 0) return true;
for (int i = 0; i < m; ++i) {
tr.set(i, {});
}
ll res = INFLL;
int j = 0;
int cnt = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
chmax(j, i);
while (j < n and cnt < target) {
if (a[j]) {
cnt += 1;
int curr = get(j - b[j]);
auto [c, v] = tr.query(curr);
tr.set(curr, {
.cnt = c + 1,
.val = v + j - b[j],
});
}
j += 1;
}
if (cnt < target) {
break;
}
int med_idx = tr.binary_search((cnt + 1) / 2);
deb(i, j, target, cnt, med_idx, tr.range_query(0, m - 1).cnt);
ll med = oc[med_idx];
int cnt_gt = 0, cnt_lt = 0;
ll sum_gt = 0, sum_lt = 0;
if (med_idx + 1 < m) {
auto [c, v] = tr.range_query(med_idx + 1, m - 1);
cnt_gt = c, sum_gt = v;
}
if (0 <= med_idx - 1) {
auto [c, v] = tr.range_query(0, med_idx - 1);
cnt_lt = c, sum_lt = v;
}
chmin(res, sum_gt - cnt_gt * med + cnt_lt * med - sum_lt);
if (a[i] and j > i) {
cnt -= 1;
int curr = get(j - b[j]);
auto [c, v] = tr.query(curr);
tr.set(curr, {
.cnt = c - 1,
.val = v - j + b[j],
});
}
}
return res <= k;
};
int l = 0, r = n;
while (l < r) {
int mid = l + r + 1 >> 1;
if (check(mid)) {
l = mid;
} else {
r = mid - 1;
}
}
cout << l << '\n';
}
int main() {
#if __cplusplus < 201402L or defined(_MSC_VER) and not defined(__clang__)
assert(false && "incompatible compiler variant detected.");
#endif
untie;
prep();
#ifdef SINGLE_TEST_CASE
solve();
#else
read(int, t);
for (int i = 0; i < t; ++i) {
#ifdef DUMP_TEST_CASE
if (t != (TOT_TEST_CASE)) {
solve();
} else if (i + 1 == (DUMP_TEST_CASE)) {
dump();
} else {
dump_ignore();
}
#else
solve();
#endif
}
#endif
}

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// #pragma GCC target("popcnt,lzcnt,abm,bmi,bmi2")
#pragma GCC optimize("Ofast")
/************* This code requires C++17. ***************/
#include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
/* macro helpers */
#define __NARGS(...) std::tuple_size<decltype(std::make_tuple(__VA_ARGS__))>::value
#define __DECOMPOSE_S(a, x) auto x = a;
#define __DECOMPOSE_N(a, ...) auto [__VA_ARGS__] = a;
constexpr void __() {}
#define __AS_PROCEDURE(...) __(); __VA_ARGS__; __()
#define __as_typeof(container) remove_reference<decltype(container)>::type
/* type aliases */
#if LONG_LONG_MAX != INT64_MAX
using ll = int64_t;
using ull = uint64_t;
#else
using ll = long long;
using ull = unsigned long long;
#endif
using int128 = __int128_t;
using uint128 = __uint128_t;
using ld = long double;
using pii = pair<int, int>; using pil = pair<int, ll>; using pid = pair<int, ld>;
using pli = pair<ll, int>; using pll = pair<ll, ll>; using pld = pair<ll, ld>;
using pdi = pair<ld, int>; using pdl = pair<ld, ll>; using pdd = pair<ld, ld>;
using tiii = tuple<int, int, int>; using tiil = tuple<int, int, ll>; using tiid = tuple<int, int, ld>;
using tili = tuple<int, ll, int>; using till = tuple<int, ll, ll>; using tild = tuple<int, ll, ld>;
using tidi = tuple<int, ld, int>; using tidl = tuple<int, ld, ll>; using tidd = tuple<int, ld, ld>;
using tlii = tuple<ll, int, int>; using tlil = tuple<ll, int, ll>; using tlid = tuple<ll, int, ld>;
using tlli = tuple<ll, ll, int>; using tlll = tuple<ll, ll, ll>; using tlld = tuple<ll, ll, ld>;
using tldi = tuple<ll, ld, int>; using tldl = tuple<ll, ld, ll>; using tldd = tuple<ll, ld, ld>;
using tdii = tuple<ld, int, int>; using tdil = tuple<ld, int, ll>; using tdid = tuple<ld, int, ld>;
using tdli = tuple<ld, ll, int>; using tdll = tuple<ld, ll, ll>; using tdld = tuple<ld, ll, ld>;
using tddi = tuple<ld, ld, int>; using tddl = tuple<ld, ld, ll>; using tddd = tuple<ld, ld, ld>;
template <typename T> using max_heap = priority_queue<T>;
template <typename T> using min_heap = priority_queue<T, vector<T>, greater<>>;
template <typename T> using oi = ostream_iterator<T>;
template <typename T> using ii = istream_iterator<T>;
/* constants */
constexpr int INF = 0x3f3f3f3f;
constexpr ll INFLL = 0x3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3fLL;
constexpr ll MDL = 1e9 + 7;
constexpr ll PRIME = 998'244'353;
constexpr ll MDL1 = 8784491;
constexpr ll MDL2 = PRIME;
constexpr int128 INT128_MAX = numeric_limits<int128>::max();
constexpr uint128 UINT128_MAX = numeric_limits<uint128>::max();
constexpr int128 INT128_MIN = numeric_limits<int128>::min();
constexpr uint128 UINT128_MIN = numeric_limits<uint128>::min();
/* random */
mt19937_64 rd(chrono::duration_cast<chrono::milliseconds>(chrono::system_clock::now().time_since_epoch()).count());
/* bit-wise operations */
#define lowbit(x) ((x) & -(x))
#define popcount(x) (__builtin_popcountll(ll(x)))
#define parity(x) (__builtin_parityll(ll(x)))
#define msp(x) (63LL - __builtin_clzll(ll(x)))
#define lsp(x) (__builtin_ctzll(ll(x)))
/* arithmetic operations */
#define mod(x, y) ((((x) % (y)) + (y)) % (y))
/* fast pairs */
#define upair ull
#define umake(x, y) (ull(x) << 32 | (ull(y) & ((1ULL << 32) - 1)))
#define u1(p) ((p) >> 32)
#define u2(p) ((p) & ((1ULL << 32) - 1))
#define ult std::less<upair>
#define ugt std::greater<upair>
#define ipair ull
#define imake(x, y) (umake(x, y))
#define i1(p) (int(u1(ll(p))))
#define i2(p) (ll(u2(p) << 32) >> 32)
struct ilt {
bool operator()(const ipair& a, const ipair& b) const {
if (i1(a) == i1(b)) return i2(a) < i2(b);
else return i1(a) < i1(b);
}
};
struct igt {
bool operator()(const ipair& a, const ipair& b) const {
if (i1(a) == i1(b)) return i2(a) > i2(b);
else return i1(a) > i1(b);
}
};
/* conditions */
#define loop while (1)
#define if_or(var, val) if (!(var == val)) var = val; else
#define continue_or(var, val) __AS_PROCEDURE(if (var == val) continue; var = val;)
#define break_or(var, val) __AS_PROCEDURE(if (var == val) break; var = val;)
/* hash */
struct safe_hash {
// https://codeforces.com/blog/entry/62393
static uint64_t splitmix64(uint64_t x) {
// http://xorshift.di.unimi.it/splitmix64.c
x += 0x9e3779b97f4a7c15;
x = (x ^ (x >> 30)) * 0xbf58476d1ce4e5b9;
x = (x ^ (x >> 27)) * 0x94d049bb133111eb;
return x ^ (x >> 31);
}
size_t operator()(uint64_t x) const {
static const uint64_t FIXED_RANDOM = chrono::steady_clock::now().time_since_epoch().count();
return splitmix64(x + FIXED_RANDOM);
}
};
struct pair_hash {
template <typename T, typename U>
size_t operator()(const pair<T, U>& a) const {
auto hash1 = safe_hash()(a.first);
auto hash2 = safe_hash()(a.second);
if (hash1 != hash2) {
return hash1 ^ hash2;
}
return hash1;
}
};
uniform_int_distribution<mt19937::result_type> dist(PRIME);
const size_t __array_hash_b = 31, __array_hash_mdl1 = dist(rd), __array_hash_mdl2 = dist(rd);
struct array_hash {
template <typename Sequence>
size_t operator()(const Sequence& arr) const {
size_t pw1 = 1, pw2 = 1;
size_t res1 = 0, res2 = 0;
for (auto&& x : arr) {
res1 = (res1 + x * pw1) % __array_hash_mdl1;
res2 = (res2 + x * pw2) % __array_hash_mdl2;
pw1 = (pw1 * __array_hash_b) % __array_hash_mdl1;
pw2 = (pw2 * __array_hash_b) % __array_hash_mdl2;
}
return res1 + res2;
}
};
/* build data structures */
#define faster(um) __AS_PROCEDURE((um).reserve(1024); (um).max_load_factor(0.25);)
#define unordered_counter(from, to) __AS_PROCEDURE(unordered_map<__as_typeof(from), size_t, safe_hash> to; for (auto&& x : from) ++to[x];)
#define counter(from, to, cmp) __AS_PROCEDURE(map<__as_typeof(from), size_t, cmp> to; for (auto&& x : from) ++to[x];)
#define pa(a) __AS_PROCEDURE(__typeof(a) pa; pa.push_back({}); for (auto&&x : a) pa.push_back(pa.back() + x);)
#define sa(a) __AS_PROCEDURE(__typeof(a) sa(a.size() + 1); {int n = a.size(); for (int i = n - 1; i >= 0; --i) sa[i] = sa[i + 1] + a[i];};)
#define adj(ch, n) __AS_PROCEDURE(vector<vector<int>> ch((n) + 1);)
#define edge(ch, u, v) __AS_PROCEDURE(ch[u].push_back(v), ch[v].push_back(u);)
#define edgew(ch, u, v, ...) __AS_PROCEDURE(ch[u].emplace_back(v, __VA_ARGS__), ch[v].emplace_back(u, __VA_ARGS__);)
#define Edge(ch, u, v) __AS_PROCEDURE(ch[u].push_back(v);)
#define Edgew(ch, u, v, ...) __AS_PROCEDURE(ch[u].emplace_back(v, __VA_ARGS__);)
template <typename T, typename Iterator> pair<size_t, map<T, size_t>> discretize(Iterator __first, Iterator __last) {
set<T> st(__first, __last);
size_t N = 0;
map<T, size_t> mp;
for (auto&& x : st) mp[x] = ++N;
return {N, mp};
}
template <typename T, typename Iterator> pair<size_t, unordered_map<T, size_t, safe_hash>> unordered_discretize(Iterator __first, Iterator __last) {
set<T> st(__first, __last);
size_t N = 0;
unordered_map<T, size_t, safe_hash> mp;
for (auto&& x : st) mp[x] = ++N;
return {N, mp};
}
/* io */
#define untie __AS_PROCEDURE(ios_base::sync_with_stdio(0), cin.tie(NULL))
template<typename T, typename U> istream& operator>>(istream& in, pair<T, U>& p) {
return in >> p.first >> p.second;
}
template<typename T, typename U> ostream& operator<<(ostream& out, const pair<T, U>& p) {
out << "{" << p.first << ", " << p.second << "}";
return out;
}
template<typename Char, typename Traits, typename Tuple, std::size_t... Index>
void print_tuple_impl(std::basic_ostream<Char, Traits>& os, const Tuple& t, std::index_sequence<Index...>) {
using swallow = int[]; // guaranties left to right order
(void)swallow { 0, (void(os << (Index == 0 ? "" : ", ") << std::get<Index>(t)), 0)... };
}
template<typename Char, typename Traits, typename... Args>
decltype(auto) operator<<(std::basic_ostream<Char, Traits>& os, const std::tuple<Args...>& t) {
os << "{";
print_tuple_impl(os, t, std::index_sequence_for<Args...>{});
return os << "}";
}
template<typename T> ostream& operator<<(ostream& out, const vector<T>& vec) {
for (auto&& i : vec) out << i << ' ';
return out;
}
std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& dest, const int128& value) {
// https://stackoverflow.com/a/25115163/23881100
std::ostream::sentry s( dest );
if ( s ) {
uint128 tmp = value < 0 ? -value : value;
char buffer[ 128 ];
char* d = std::end( buffer );
do {
-- d;
*d = "0123456789"[ tmp % 10 ];
tmp /= 10;
} while ( tmp != 0 );
if ( value < 0 ) {
-- d;
*d = '-';
}
int len = std::end( buffer ) - d;
if ( dest.rdbuf()->sputn( d, len ) != len ) {
dest.setstate( std::ios_base::badbit );
}
}
return dest;
}
template<typename T> void __read(T& x) { cin >> x; }
template<typename T, typename... U> void __read(T& x, U&... args) { cin >> x; __read(args...); }
#define read(type, ...) __AS_PROCEDURE(type __VA_ARGS__; __read(__VA_ARGS__);)
#define readvec(type, a, n) __AS_PROCEDURE(vector<type> a(n); for (auto& x : a) cin >> x;)
#define readvec1(type, a, n) __AS_PROCEDURE(vector<type> a((n) + 1); copy_n(ii<type>(cin), (n), a.begin() + 1);)
#define putvec(a) __AS_PROCEDURE(copy(a.begin(), a.end(), oi<__as_typeof(a)::value_type>(cout, " ")); cout << endl;)
#define putvec1(a) __AS_PROCEDURE(copy(a.begin() + 1, a.end(), oi<__as_typeof(a)::value_type>(cout, " ")); cout << endl;)
#define putvec_eol(a) __AS_PROCEDURE(copy(a.begin(), a.end(), oi<__as_typeof(a)::value_type>(cout, "\n"));)
#define putvec1_eol(a) __AS_PROCEDURE(copy(a.begin() + 1, a.end(), oi<__as_typeof(a)::value_type>(cout, "\n"));)
#define debug(x) __AS_PROCEDURE(cerr << #x" = " << (x) << endl;)
#define debugvec(a) __AS_PROCEDURE(cerr << #a" = "; for (auto&& x : a) cerr << x << ' '; cerr << endl;)
#define deb(...) debug(make_tuple(__VA_ARGS__))
/* pops */
#define poptop(q, ...) __AS_PROCEDURE(auto [__VA_ARGS__] = q.top(); q.pop();)
#define popback(q, ...) __AS_PROCEDURE(auto [__VA_ARGS__] = q.back(); q.pop_back();)
#define popfront(q, ...) __AS_PROCEDURE(auto [__VA_ARGS__] = q.front();q.pop_front();)
/* math */
template <typename return_t>
return_t qpow(ll b, ll p) {
if (b == 0 and p != 0) return 0;
if (p == 0) return 1;
return_t half = qpow<return_t>(b, p / 2);
if (p % 2 == 1) return half * half * b;
else return half * half;
}
#define comb(n, k) ((n) < 0 or (k) < 0 or (n) < (k) ? 0 : fact[n] / fact[k] / fact[(n) - (k)])
#define fastcomb(n, k) ((n) < 0 or (k) < 0 or (n) < (k) ? 0 : fact[n] * factrev[k] * factrev[(n) - (k)])
constexpr inline int lg2(ll x) { return x == 0 ? -1 : sizeof(ll) * 8 - 1 - __builtin_clzll(x); }
void __exgcd(ll a, ll b, ll& x, ll& y) {
if (b == 0) {
x = 1, y = 0;
return;
}
__exgcd(b, a % b, y, x);
y -= a / b * x;
}
ll inverse(ll a, ll b) {
ll x, y;
__exgcd(a, b, x, y);
return mod(x, b);
}
vector<tuple<int, int, ll>> decompose(ll x) {
// return (factor, count, factor ** count)
vector<tuple<int, int, ll>> res;
for (int i = 2; i * i <= x; i++) {
if (x % i == 0) {
int cnt = 0;
ll pw = 1;
while (x % i == 0) ++cnt, x /= i, pw *= i;
res.emplace_back(i, cnt, pw);
}
}
if (x != 1) {
res.emplace_back(x, 1, x);
}
return res;
}
vector<pii> decompose_prime(int N) {
// return (factor, count)
vector<pii> result;
for (int i = 2; i * i <= N; i++) {
if (N % i == 0) {
int cnt = 0;
while (N % i == 0) N /= i, ++cnt;
result.emplace_back(i, cnt);
}
}
if (N != 1) {
result.emplace_back(N, 1);
}
return result;
}
/* string algorithms */
vector<int> calc_next(string t) { // pi function of t
int n = (int)t.length();
vector<int> pi(n);
for (int i = 1; i < n; i++) {
int j = pi[i - 1];
while (j > 0 && t[i] != t[j]) j = pi[j - 1];
if (t[i] == t[j]) j++;
pi[i] = j;
}
return pi;
}
vector<int> calc_z(string t) { // z function of t
int m = t.length();
vector<int> z;
z.push_back(m);
pair<int, int> prev = {1, -1};
for (int i = 1; i < m; ++i) {
if (z[i - prev.first] + i <= prev.second) {
z.push_back(z[i - prev.first]);
} else {
int j = max(i, prev.second + 1);
while (j < m && t[j] == t[j - i]) ++j;
z.push_back(j - i);
prev = {i, j - 1};
}
}
return z;
}
vector<int> kmp(string s, string t) { // find all t in s
string cur = t + '#' + s;
int sz1 = s.size(), sz2 = t.size();
vector<int> v;
vector<int> lps = calc_next(cur);
for (int i = sz2 + 1; i <= sz1 + sz2; i++) {
if (lps[i] == sz2) v.push_back(i - 2 * sz2);
}
return v;
}
int period(string s) { // find the length of shortest recurring period
int n = s.length();
auto z = calc_z(s);
for (int i = 1; i <= n / 2; ++i) {
if (n % i == 0 && z[i] == n - i) {
return i;
}
}
return n;
}
/* modular arithmetic */
template <ll mdl> struct MLL {
ll val;
MLL(ll v = 0) : val(mod(v, mdl)) {}
MLL(const MLL<mdl>& other) : val(other.val) {}
friend MLL operator+(const MLL& lhs, const MLL& rhs) { return mod(lhs.val + rhs.val, mdl); }
friend MLL operator-(const MLL& lhs, const MLL& rhs) { return mod(lhs.val - rhs.val, mdl); }
friend MLL operator*(const MLL& lhs, const MLL& rhs) { return mod(lhs.val * rhs.val, mdl); }
friend MLL operator/(const MLL& lhs, const MLL& rhs) { return mod(lhs.val * mod(inverse(rhs.val, mdl), mdl), mdl); }
friend MLL operator%(const MLL& lhs, const MLL& rhs) { return mod(lhs.val - (lhs / rhs).val, mdl); }
friend bool operator==(const MLL& lhs, const MLL& rhs) { return lhs.val == rhs.val; }
friend bool operator!=(const MLL& lhs, const MLL& rhs) { return lhs.val != rhs.val; }
void operator+=(const MLL& rhs) { val = (*this + rhs).val; }
void operator-=(const MLL& rhs) { val = (*this - rhs).val; }
void operator*=(const MLL& rhs) { val = (*this * rhs).val; }
void operator/=(const MLL& rhs) { val = (*this / rhs).val; }
void operator%=(const MLL& rhs) { val = (*this % rhs).val; }
};
template <ll mdl>
ostream& operator<<(ostream& out, const MLL<mdl>& num) {
return out << num.val;
}
template <ll mdl>
istream& operator>>(istream& in, MLL<mdl>& num) {
return in >> num.val;
}
// miscancellous
template <typename T, typename U>
bool chmax(T& lhs, const U& rhs) {
bool ret = lhs < rhs;
if (ret) {
lhs = rhs;
}
return ret;
}
template <typename T, typename U>
bool chmin(T& lhs, const U& rhs) {
bool ret = lhs > rhs;
if (ret) {
lhs = rhs;
}
return ret;
}
#define functor(func) ([&](auto&&... val) \
noexcept(noexcept(func(std::forward<decltype(val)>(val)...))) -> decltype(auto) \
{return func(std::forward<decltype(val)>(val)...);})
#define expr(ret, ...) ([&] (__VA_ARGS__) { return (ret); })
template <typename Func, typename RandomIt> void sort_by_key(RandomIt first, RandomIt last, Func extractor) {
std::sort(first, last, [&] (auto&& a, auto&& b) { return std::less<>()(extractor(a), extractor(b)); });
}
template <typename Func, typename RandomIt, typename Compare> void sort_by_key(RandomIt first, RandomIt last, Func extractor, Compare comp) {
std::sort(first, last, [&] (auto&& a, auto&& b) { return comp(extractor(a), extractor(b)); });
}
template <typename T, typename U, typename Iterator_T, typename Iterator_U>
vector<pair<T, U>> zip(Iterator_T a_first, Iterator_T a_last, Iterator_U b_first, Iterator_U b_last) {
vector<pair<T, U>> res;
auto a_it = a_first;
auto b_it = b_first;
for (; not (a_it == a_last) and not (b_it == b_last); ++a_it, ++b_it) {
res.emplace_back(*a_it, *b_it);
}
return res;
}
template <typename T, typename U, typename Iterator_T, typename Iterator_U>
vector<pair<T, U>> zip_n(Iterator_T a_first, Iterator_U b_first, size_t n) {
vector<pair<T, U>> res;
if (n > 0) {
res.emplace_back(*a_first, *b_first);
for (size_t i = 1; i != n; ++i) {
res.emplace_back(*++a_first, *++b_first);
}
}
return res;
}
template <typename T>
class ArithmeticIterator : bidirectional_iterator_tag {
public:
using difference_type = ptrdiff_t;
using value_type = T;
private:
value_type value;
public:
ArithmeticIterator(const T& value) : value(value) {}
value_type operator*() const { return value; }
ArithmeticIterator<T>& operator++() { ++value; return *this; }
ArithmeticIterator<T>& operator--() { --value; return *this; }
bool operator==(const ArithmeticIterator<T>& rhs) const { return value == rhs.value; }
};
template <typename T> vector<pair<int, T>> enumerate(const vector<T>& container) {
return zip<int, T>(ArithmeticIterator<int>(0), ArithmeticIterator<int>(INT_MAX), container.begin(), container.end());
}
#define initarray(init, N) (__initarray<decay<decltype(init)>::type, (N)>(init))
namespace detail {
template <typename T, std::size_t...Is>
constexpr std::array<T, sizeof...(Is)>
make_array(const T& value, std::index_sequence<Is...>) {
return {{(static_cast<void>(Is), value)...}};
}
}
template <typename T, std::size_t N>
constexpr std::array<T, N> __initarray(const T& value) {
return detail::make_array(value, std::make_index_sequence<N>());
}
/*******************************************************/
#define SINGLE_TEST_CASE
// #define DUMP_TEST_CASE 7219
// #define TOT_TEST_CASE 10000
void dump() {}
void dump_ignore() {}
void prep() {
}
// __attribute__((target("popcnt")))
void solve() {
using mll = MLL<PRIME>;
read(int, n);
readvec(ll, a, n);
unordered_map<ll, mll, safe_hash> bk;
bk[-INFLL] = 1;
mll sum = 1;
ll ps = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
mll curr = sum;
ps += a[i];
if (bk.count(ps)) {
sum -= bk[ps];
}
bk[ps] = curr;
sum += bk[ps];
}
cout << bk[ps] << '\n';
}
int main() {
#if __cplusplus < 201402L or defined(_MSC_VER) and not defined(__clang__)
assert(false && "incompatible compiler variant detected.");
#endif
untie;
prep();
#ifdef SINGLE_TEST_CASE
solve();
#else
read(int, t);
for (int i = 0; i < t; ++i) {
#ifdef DUMP_TEST_CASE
if (t != (TOT_TEST_CASE)) {
solve();
} else if (i + 1 == (DUMP_TEST_CASE)) {
dump();
} else {
dump_ignore();
}
#else
solve();
#endif
}
#endif
}

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// #pragma GCC target("popcnt,lzcnt,abm,bmi,bmi2")
#pragma GCC optimize("Ofast")
/************* This code requires C++17. ***************/
#include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
/* macro helpers */
#define __NARGS(...) std::tuple_size<decltype(std::make_tuple(__VA_ARGS__))>::value
#define __DECOMPOSE_S(a, x) auto x = a;
#define __DECOMPOSE_N(a, ...) auto [__VA_ARGS__] = a;
constexpr void __() {}
#define __AS_PROCEDURE(...) __(); __VA_ARGS__; __()
#define __as_typeof(container) remove_reference<decltype(container)>::type
/* type aliases */
#if LONG_LONG_MAX != INT64_MAX
using ll = int64_t;
using ull = uint64_t;
#else
using ll = long long;
using ull = unsigned long long;
#endif
using int128 = __int128_t;
using uint128 = __uint128_t;
using ld = long double;
using pii = pair<int, int>; using pil = pair<int, ll>; using pid = pair<int, ld>;
using pli = pair<ll, int>; using pll = pair<ll, ll>; using pld = pair<ll, ld>;
using pdi = pair<ld, int>; using pdl = pair<ld, ll>; using pdd = pair<ld, ld>;
using tiii = tuple<int, int, int>; using tiil = tuple<int, int, ll>; using tiid = tuple<int, int, ld>;
using tili = tuple<int, ll, int>; using till = tuple<int, ll, ll>; using tild = tuple<int, ll, ld>;
using tidi = tuple<int, ld, int>; using tidl = tuple<int, ld, ll>; using tidd = tuple<int, ld, ld>;
using tlii = tuple<ll, int, int>; using tlil = tuple<ll, int, ll>; using tlid = tuple<ll, int, ld>;
using tlli = tuple<ll, ll, int>; using tlll = tuple<ll, ll, ll>; using tlld = tuple<ll, ll, ld>;
using tldi = tuple<ll, ld, int>; using tldl = tuple<ll, ld, ll>; using tldd = tuple<ll, ld, ld>;
using tdii = tuple<ld, int, int>; using tdil = tuple<ld, int, ll>; using tdid = tuple<ld, int, ld>;
using tdli = tuple<ld, ll, int>; using tdll = tuple<ld, ll, ll>; using tdld = tuple<ld, ll, ld>;
using tddi = tuple<ld, ld, int>; using tddl = tuple<ld, ld, ll>; using tddd = tuple<ld, ld, ld>;
template <typename T> using max_heap = priority_queue<T>;
template <typename T> using min_heap = priority_queue<T, vector<T>, greater<>>;
template <typename T> using oi = ostream_iterator<T>;
template <typename T> using ii = istream_iterator<T>;
/* constants */
constexpr int INF = 0x3f3f3f3f;
constexpr ll INFLL = 0x3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3fLL;
constexpr ll MDL = 1e9 + 7;
constexpr ll PRIME = 998'244'353;
constexpr ll MDL1 = 8784491;
constexpr ll MDL2 = PRIME;
constexpr int128 INT128_MAX = numeric_limits<int128>::max();
constexpr uint128 UINT128_MAX = numeric_limits<uint128>::max();
constexpr int128 INT128_MIN = numeric_limits<int128>::min();
constexpr uint128 UINT128_MIN = numeric_limits<uint128>::min();
/* random */
mt19937_64 rd(chrono::duration_cast<chrono::milliseconds>(chrono::system_clock::now().time_since_epoch()).count());
/* bit-wise operations */
#define lowbit(x) ((x) & -(x))
#define popcount(x) (__builtin_popcountll(ll(x)))
#define parity(x) (__builtin_parityll(ll(x)))
#define msp(x) (63LL - __builtin_clzll(ll(x)))
#define lsp(x) (__builtin_ctzll(ll(x)))
/* arithmetic operations */
#define mod(x, y) ((((x) % (y)) + (y)) % (y))
/* fast pairs */
#define upair ull
#define umake(x, y) (ull(x) << 32 | (ull(y) & ((1ULL << 32) - 1)))
#define u1(p) ((p) >> 32)
#define u2(p) ((p) & ((1ULL << 32) - 1))
#define ult std::less<upair>
#define ugt std::greater<upair>
#define ipair ull
#define imake(x, y) (umake(x, y))
#define i1(p) (int(u1(ll(p))))
#define i2(p) (ll(u2(p) << 32) >> 32)
struct ilt {
bool operator()(const ipair& a, const ipair& b) const {
if (i1(a) == i1(b)) return i2(a) < i2(b);
else return i1(a) < i1(b);
}
};
struct igt {
bool operator()(const ipair& a, const ipair& b) const {
if (i1(a) == i1(b)) return i2(a) > i2(b);
else return i1(a) > i1(b);
}
};
/* conditions */
#define loop while (1)
#define if_or(var, val) if (!(var == val)) var = val; else
#define continue_or(var, val) __AS_PROCEDURE(if (var == val) continue; var = val;)
#define break_or(var, val) __AS_PROCEDURE(if (var == val) break; var = val;)
/* hash */
struct safe_hash {
// https://codeforces.com/blog/entry/62393
static uint64_t splitmix64(uint64_t x) {
// http://xorshift.di.unimi.it/splitmix64.c
x += 0x9e3779b97f4a7c15;
x = (x ^ (x >> 30)) * 0xbf58476d1ce4e5b9;
x = (x ^ (x >> 27)) * 0x94d049bb133111eb;
return x ^ (x >> 31);
}
size_t operator()(uint64_t x) const {
static const uint64_t FIXED_RANDOM = chrono::steady_clock::now().time_since_epoch().count();
return splitmix64(x + FIXED_RANDOM);
}
};
struct pair_hash {
template <typename T, typename U>
size_t operator()(const pair<T, U>& a) const {
auto hash1 = safe_hash()(a.first);
auto hash2 = safe_hash()(a.second);
if (hash1 != hash2) {
return hash1 ^ hash2;
}
return hash1;
}
};
uniform_int_distribution<mt19937::result_type> dist(PRIME);
const size_t __array_hash_b = 31, __array_hash_mdl1 = dist(rd), __array_hash_mdl2 = dist(rd);
struct array_hash {
template <typename Sequence>
size_t operator()(const Sequence& arr) const {
size_t pw1 = 1, pw2 = 1;
size_t res1 = 0, res2 = 0;
for (auto&& x : arr) {
res1 = (res1 + x * pw1) % __array_hash_mdl1;
res2 = (res2 + x * pw2) % __array_hash_mdl2;
pw1 = (pw1 * __array_hash_b) % __array_hash_mdl1;
pw2 = (pw2 * __array_hash_b) % __array_hash_mdl2;
}
return res1 + res2;
}
};
/* build data structures */
#define faster(um) __AS_PROCEDURE((um).reserve(1024); (um).max_load_factor(0.25);)
#define unordered_counter(from, to) __AS_PROCEDURE(unordered_map<__as_typeof(from), size_t, safe_hash> to; for (auto&& x : from) ++to[x];)
#define counter(from, to, cmp) __AS_PROCEDURE(map<__as_typeof(from), size_t, cmp> to; for (auto&& x : from) ++to[x];)
#define pa(a) __AS_PROCEDURE(__typeof(a) pa; pa.push_back({}); for (auto&&x : a) pa.push_back(pa.back() + x);)
#define sa(a) __AS_PROCEDURE(__typeof(a) sa(a.size() + 1); {int n = a.size(); for (int i = n - 1; i >= 0; --i) sa[i] = sa[i + 1] + a[i];};)
#define adj(ch, n) __AS_PROCEDURE(vector<vector<int>> ch((n) + 1);)
#define edge(ch, u, v) __AS_PROCEDURE(ch[u].push_back(v), ch[v].push_back(u);)
#define edgew(ch, u, v, ...) __AS_PROCEDURE(ch[u].emplace_back(v, __VA_ARGS__), ch[v].emplace_back(u, __VA_ARGS__);)
#define Edge(ch, u, v) __AS_PROCEDURE(ch[u].push_back(v);)
#define Edgew(ch, u, v, ...) __AS_PROCEDURE(ch[u].emplace_back(v, __VA_ARGS__);)
template <typename T, typename Iterator> pair<size_t, map<T, size_t>> discretize(Iterator __first, Iterator __last) {
set<T> st(__first, __last);
size_t N = 0;
map<T, size_t> mp;
for (auto&& x : st) mp[x] = ++N;
return {N, mp};
}
template <typename T, typename Iterator> pair<size_t, unordered_map<T, size_t, safe_hash>> unordered_discretize(Iterator __first, Iterator __last) {
set<T> st(__first, __last);
size_t N = 0;
unordered_map<T, size_t, safe_hash> mp;
for (auto&& x : st) mp[x] = ++N;
return {N, mp};
}
/* io */
#define untie __AS_PROCEDURE(ios_base::sync_with_stdio(0), cin.tie(NULL))
template<typename T, typename U> istream& operator>>(istream& in, pair<T, U>& p) {
return in >> p.first >> p.second;
}
template<typename T, typename U> ostream& operator<<(ostream& out, const pair<T, U>& p) {
out << "{" << p.first << ", " << p.second << "}";
return out;
}
template<typename Char, typename Traits, typename Tuple, std::size_t... Index>
void print_tuple_impl(std::basic_ostream<Char, Traits>& os, const Tuple& t, std::index_sequence<Index...>) {
using swallow = int[]; // guaranties left to right order
(void)swallow { 0, (void(os << (Index == 0 ? "" : ", ") << std::get<Index>(t)), 0)... };
}
template<typename Char, typename Traits, typename... Args>
decltype(auto) operator<<(std::basic_ostream<Char, Traits>& os, const std::tuple<Args...>& t) {
os << "{";
print_tuple_impl(os, t, std::index_sequence_for<Args...>{});
return os << "}";
}
template<typename T> ostream& operator<<(ostream& out, const vector<T>& vec) {
for (auto&& i : vec) out << i << ' ';
return out;
}
std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& dest, const int128& value) {
// https://stackoverflow.com/a/25115163/23881100
std::ostream::sentry s( dest );
if ( s ) {
uint128 tmp = value < 0 ? -value : value;
char buffer[ 128 ];
char* d = std::end( buffer );
do {
-- d;
*d = "0123456789"[ tmp % 10 ];
tmp /= 10;
} while ( tmp != 0 );
if ( value < 0 ) {
-- d;
*d = '-';
}
int len = std::end( buffer ) - d;
if ( dest.rdbuf()->sputn( d, len ) != len ) {
dest.setstate( std::ios_base::badbit );
}
}
return dest;
}
template<typename T> void __read(T& x) { cin >> x; }
template<typename T, typename... U> void __read(T& x, U&... args) { cin >> x; __read(args...); }
#define read(type, ...) __AS_PROCEDURE(type __VA_ARGS__; __read(__VA_ARGS__);)
#define readvec(type, a, n) __AS_PROCEDURE(vector<type> a(n); for (auto& x : a) cin >> x;)
#define readvec1(type, a, n) __AS_PROCEDURE(vector<type> a((n) + 1); copy_n(ii<type>(cin), (n), a.begin() + 1);)
#define putvec(a) __AS_PROCEDURE(copy(a.begin(), a.end(), oi<__as_typeof(a)::value_type>(cout, " ")); cout << endl;)
#define putvec1(a) __AS_PROCEDURE(copy(a.begin() + 1, a.end(), oi<__as_typeof(a)::value_type>(cout, " ")); cout << endl;)
#define putvec_eol(a) __AS_PROCEDURE(copy(a.begin(), a.end(), oi<__as_typeof(a)::value_type>(cout, "\n"));)
#define putvec1_eol(a) __AS_PROCEDURE(copy(a.begin() + 1, a.end(), oi<__as_typeof(a)::value_type>(cout, "\n"));)
#define debug(x) __AS_PROCEDURE(cerr << #x" = " << (x) << endl;)
#define debugvec(a) __AS_PROCEDURE(cerr << #a" = "; for (auto&& x : a) cerr << x << ' '; cerr << endl;)
#define deb(...) debug(make_tuple(__VA_ARGS__))
/* pops */
#define poptop(q, ...) __AS_PROCEDURE(auto [__VA_ARGS__] = q.top(); q.pop();)
#define popback(q, ...) __AS_PROCEDURE(auto [__VA_ARGS__] = q.back(); q.pop_back();)
#define popfront(q, ...) __AS_PROCEDURE(auto [__VA_ARGS__] = q.front();q.pop_front();)
/* math */
template <typename return_t>
return_t qpow(ll b, ll p) {
if (b == 0 and p != 0) return 0;
if (p == 0) return 1;
return_t half = qpow<return_t>(b, p / 2);
if (p % 2 == 1) return half * half * b;
else return half * half;
}
#define comb(n, k) ((n) < 0 or (k) < 0 or (n) < (k) ? 0 : fact[n] / fact[k] / fact[(n) - (k)])
#define fastcomb(n, k) ((n) < 0 or (k) < 0 or (n) < (k) ? 0 : fact[n] * factrev[k] * factrev[(n) - (k)])
constexpr inline int lg2(ll x) { return x == 0 ? -1 : sizeof(ll) * 8 - 1 - __builtin_clzll(x); }
void __exgcd(ll a, ll b, ll& x, ll& y) {
if (b == 0) {
x = 1, y = 0;
return;
}
__exgcd(b, a % b, y, x);
y -= a / b * x;
}
ll inverse(ll a, ll b) {
ll x, y;
__exgcd(a, b, x, y);
return mod(x, b);
}
vector<tuple<int, int, ll>> decompose(ll x) {
// return (factor, count, factor ** count)
vector<tuple<int, int, ll>> res;
for (int i = 2; i * i <= x; i++) {
if (x % i == 0) {
int cnt = 0;
ll pw = 1;
while (x % i == 0) ++cnt, x /= i, pw *= i;
res.emplace_back(i, cnt, pw);
}
}
if (x != 1) {
res.emplace_back(x, 1, x);
}
return res;
}
vector<pii> decompose_prime(int N) {
// return (factor, count)
vector<pii> result;
for (int i = 2; i * i <= N; i++) {
if (N % i == 0) {
int cnt = 0;
while (N % i == 0) N /= i, ++cnt;
result.emplace_back(i, cnt);
}
}
if (N != 1) {
result.emplace_back(N, 1);
}
return result;
}
/* string algorithms */
vector<int> calc_next(string t) { // pi function of t
int n = (int)t.length();
vector<int> pi(n);
for (int i = 1; i < n; i++) {
int j = pi[i - 1];
while (j > 0 && t[i] != t[j]) j = pi[j - 1];
if (t[i] == t[j]) j++;
pi[i] = j;
}
return pi;
}
vector<int> calc_z(string t) { // z function of t
int m = t.length();
vector<int> z;
z.push_back(m);
pair<int, int> prev = {1, -1};
for (int i = 1; i < m; ++i) {
if (z[i - prev.first] + i <= prev.second) {
z.push_back(z[i - prev.first]);
} else {
int j = max(i, prev.second + 1);
while (j < m && t[j] == t[j - i]) ++j;
z.push_back(j - i);
prev = {i, j - 1};
}
}
return z;
}
vector<int> kmp(string s, string t) { // find all t in s
string cur = t + '#' + s;
int sz1 = s.size(), sz2 = t.size();
vector<int> v;
vector<int> lps = calc_next(cur);
for (int i = sz2 + 1; i <= sz1 + sz2; i++) {
if (lps[i] == sz2) v.push_back(i - 2 * sz2);
}
return v;
}
int period(string s) { // find the length of shortest recurring period
int n = s.length();
auto z = calc_z(s);
for (int i = 1; i <= n / 2; ++i) {
if (n % i == 0 && z[i] == n - i) {
return i;
}
}
return n;
}
/* modular arithmetic */
template <ll mdl> struct MLL {
ll val;
MLL(ll v = 0) : val(mod(v, mdl)) {}
MLL(const MLL<mdl>& other) : val(other.val) {}
friend MLL operator+(const MLL& lhs, const MLL& rhs) { return mod(lhs.val + rhs.val, mdl); }
friend MLL operator-(const MLL& lhs, const MLL& rhs) { return mod(lhs.val - rhs.val, mdl); }
friend MLL operator*(const MLL& lhs, const MLL& rhs) { return mod(lhs.val * rhs.val, mdl); }
friend MLL operator/(const MLL& lhs, const MLL& rhs) { return mod(lhs.val * mod(inverse(rhs.val, mdl), mdl), mdl); }
friend MLL operator%(const MLL& lhs, const MLL& rhs) { return mod(lhs.val - (lhs / rhs).val, mdl); }
friend bool operator==(const MLL& lhs, const MLL& rhs) { return lhs.val == rhs.val; }
friend bool operator!=(const MLL& lhs, const MLL& rhs) { return lhs.val != rhs.val; }
void operator+=(const MLL& rhs) { val = (*this + rhs).val; }
void operator-=(const MLL& rhs) { val = (*this - rhs).val; }
void operator*=(const MLL& rhs) { val = (*this * rhs).val; }
void operator/=(const MLL& rhs) { val = (*this / rhs).val; }
void operator%=(const MLL& rhs) { val = (*this % rhs).val; }
};
template <ll mdl>
ostream& operator<<(ostream& out, const MLL<mdl>& num) {
return out << num.val;
}
template <ll mdl>
istream& operator>>(istream& in, MLL<mdl>& num) {
return in >> num.val;
}
// miscancellous
template <typename T, typename U>
bool chmax(T& lhs, const U& rhs) {
bool ret = lhs < rhs;
if (ret) {
lhs = rhs;
}
return ret;
}
template <typename T, typename U>
bool chmin(T& lhs, const U& rhs) {
bool ret = lhs > rhs;
if (ret) {
lhs = rhs;
}
return ret;
}
#define functor(func) ([&](auto&&... val) \
noexcept(noexcept(func(std::forward<decltype(val)>(val)...))) -> decltype(auto) \
{return func(std::forward<decltype(val)>(val)...);})
#define expr(ret, ...) ([&] (__VA_ARGS__) { return (ret); })
template <typename Func, typename RandomIt> void sort_by_key(RandomIt first, RandomIt last, Func extractor) {
std::sort(first, last, [&] (auto&& a, auto&& b) { return std::less<>()(extractor(a), extractor(b)); });
}
template <typename Func, typename RandomIt, typename Compare> void sort_by_key(RandomIt first, RandomIt last, Func extractor, Compare comp) {
std::sort(first, last, [&] (auto&& a, auto&& b) { return comp(extractor(a), extractor(b)); });
}
template <typename T, typename U, typename Iterator_T, typename Iterator_U>
vector<pair<T, U>> zip(Iterator_T a_first, Iterator_T a_last, Iterator_U b_first, Iterator_U b_last) {
vector<pair<T, U>> res;
auto a_it = a_first;
auto b_it = b_first;
for (; not (a_it == a_last) and not (b_it == b_last); ++a_it, ++b_it) {
res.emplace_back(*a_it, *b_it);
}
return res;
}
template <typename T, typename U, typename Iterator_T, typename Iterator_U>
vector<pair<T, U>> zip_n(Iterator_T a_first, Iterator_U b_first, size_t n) {
vector<pair<T, U>> res;
if (n > 0) {
res.emplace_back(*a_first, *b_first);
for (size_t i = 1; i != n; ++i) {
res.emplace_back(*++a_first, *++b_first);
}
}
return res;
}
template <typename T>
class ArithmeticIterator : bidirectional_iterator_tag {
public:
using difference_type = ptrdiff_t;
using value_type = T;
private:
value_type value;
public:
ArithmeticIterator(const T& value) : value(value) {}
value_type operator*() const { return value; }
ArithmeticIterator<T>& operator++() { ++value; return *this; }
ArithmeticIterator<T>& operator--() { --value; return *this; }
bool operator==(const ArithmeticIterator<T>& rhs) const { return value == rhs.value; }
};
template <typename T> vector<pair<int, T>> enumerate(const vector<T>& container) {
return zip<int, T>(ArithmeticIterator<int>(0), ArithmeticIterator<int>(INT_MAX), container.begin(), container.end());
}
#define initarray(init, N) (__initarray<decay<decltype(init)>::type, (N)>(init))
namespace detail {
template <typename T, std::size_t...Is>
constexpr std::array<T, sizeof...(Is)>
make_array(const T& value, std::index_sequence<Is...>) {
return {{(static_cast<void>(Is), value)...}};
}
}
template <typename T, std::size_t N>
constexpr std::array<T, N> __initarray(const T& value) {
return detail::make_array(value, std::make_index_sequence<N>());
}
/*******************************************************/
#define SINGLE_TEST_CASE
// #define DUMP_TEST_CASE 7219
// #define TOT_TEST_CASE 10000
void dump() {}
void dump_ignore() {}
void prep() {
}
inline ll sum(ll n) {
return (1 + n) * n / 2;
}
__attribute__((target("popcnt")))
void solve() {
constexpr int U = 10;
using mll = MLL<PRIME>;
vector<int> a;
{
read(string, s);
for (auto&& c : s) {
a.emplace_back(c - '0');
}
}
int n = a.size();
read(int, m);
int need = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < m; ++i) {
read(int, x);
need |= 1 << x;
}
vector f(n + 1, vector<ll>(1 << U));
vector g(n + 1, vector<ll>(1 << U));
g[0][0] = 1;
for (int i = 1; i <= n; ++i) {
for (int j = 0; j < U; ++j) {
for (int k = 0; k < (1 << U); ++k) {
f[i][k | 1 << j] += (((f[i - 1][k] * 10) % PRIME) + (g[i - 1][k] * j) % PRIME) % PRIME;
f[i][k | 1 << j] %= PRIME;
g[i][k | 1 << j] += g[i - 1][k];
g[i][k | 1 << j] %= PRIME;
}
}
}
ll res = 0;
int has = 0;
ll pre = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
for (int j = 0; j < a[i]; ++j) {
if (i == 0 and j == 0) continue;
ll curr = (pre + ((j * qpow<mll>(10, n - 1 - i).val) % PRIME)) % PRIME;
int least = need ^ (need & (has | 1 << j));
for (int k = least; k < (1 << U); k = (k + 1) | least) {
res += (((g[n - 1 - i][k] * curr) % PRIME) + f[n - 1 - i][k]) % PRIME;
res %= PRIME;
}
}
has |= 1 << a[i];
pre = (pre + ((a[i] * qpow<mll>(10, n - 1 - i).val) % PRIME)) % PRIME;
}
if ((has & need) == need) {
res += pre;
res %= PRIME;
}
for (int i = 1; i < n; ++i) {
for (int j = 1; j < 10; ++j) {
ll curr = (j * qpow<mll>(10, n - 1 - i).val) % PRIME;
int least = need ^ (need & (1 << j));
for (int k = least; k < (1 << U); k = (k + 1) | least) {
res += (((g[n - i - 1][k] * curr) % PRIME) + f[n - i - 1][k]) % PRIME;
res %= PRIME;
}
}
}
cout << res << '\n';
}
int main() {
#if __cplusplus < 201402L or defined(_MSC_VER) and not defined(__clang__)
assert(false && "incompatible compiler variant detected.");
#endif
untie;
prep();
#ifdef SINGLE_TEST_CASE
solve();
#else
read(int, t);
for (int i = 0; i < t; ++i) {
#ifdef DUMP_TEST_CASE
if (t != (TOT_TEST_CASE)) {
solve();
} else if (i + 1 == (DUMP_TEST_CASE)) {
dump();
} else {
dump_ignore();
}
#else
solve();
#endif
}
#endif
}

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// #pragma GCC target("popcnt,lzcnt,abm,bmi,bmi2")
#pragma GCC optimize("Ofast")
/************* This code requires C++17. ***************/
#include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
/* macro helpers */
#define __NARGS(...) std::tuple_size<decltype(std::make_tuple(__VA_ARGS__))>::value
#define __DECOMPOSE_S(a, x) auto x = a;
#define __DECOMPOSE_N(a, ...) auto [__VA_ARGS__] = a;
constexpr void __() {}
#define __AS_PROCEDURE(...) __(); __VA_ARGS__; __()
#define __as_typeof(container) remove_reference<decltype(container)>::type
/* type aliases */
#if LONG_LONG_MAX != INT64_MAX
using ll = int64_t;
using ull = uint64_t;
#else
using ll = long long;
using ull = unsigned long long;
#endif
using int128 = __int128_t;
using uint128 = __uint128_t;
using ld = long double;
using pii = pair<int, int>; using pil = pair<int, ll>; using pid = pair<int, ld>;
using pli = pair<ll, int>; using pll = pair<ll, ll>; using pld = pair<ll, ld>;
using pdi = pair<ld, int>; using pdl = pair<ld, ll>; using pdd = pair<ld, ld>;
using tiii = tuple<int, int, int>; using tiil = tuple<int, int, ll>; using tiid = tuple<int, int, ld>;
using tili = tuple<int, ll, int>; using till = tuple<int, ll, ll>; using tild = tuple<int, ll, ld>;
using tidi = tuple<int, ld, int>; using tidl = tuple<int, ld, ll>; using tidd = tuple<int, ld, ld>;
using tlii = tuple<ll, int, int>; using tlil = tuple<ll, int, ll>; using tlid = tuple<ll, int, ld>;
using tlli = tuple<ll, ll, int>; using tlll = tuple<ll, ll, ll>; using tlld = tuple<ll, ll, ld>;
using tldi = tuple<ll, ld, int>; using tldl = tuple<ll, ld, ll>; using tldd = tuple<ll, ld, ld>;
using tdii = tuple<ld, int, int>; using tdil = tuple<ld, int, ll>; using tdid = tuple<ld, int, ld>;
using tdli = tuple<ld, ll, int>; using tdll = tuple<ld, ll, ll>; using tdld = tuple<ld, ll, ld>;
using tddi = tuple<ld, ld, int>; using tddl = tuple<ld, ld, ll>; using tddd = tuple<ld, ld, ld>;
template <typename T> using max_heap = priority_queue<T>;
template <typename T> using min_heap = priority_queue<T, vector<T>, greater<>>;
template <typename T> using oi = ostream_iterator<T>;
template <typename T> using ii = istream_iterator<T>;
/* constants */
constexpr int INF = 0x3f3f3f3f;
constexpr ll INFLL = 0x3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3fLL;
constexpr ll MDL = 1e9 + 7;
constexpr ll PRIME = 998'244'353;
constexpr ll MDL1 = 8784491;
constexpr ll MDL2 = PRIME;
constexpr int128 INT128_MAX = numeric_limits<int128>::max();
constexpr uint128 UINT128_MAX = numeric_limits<uint128>::max();
constexpr int128 INT128_MIN = numeric_limits<int128>::min();
constexpr uint128 UINT128_MIN = numeric_limits<uint128>::min();
/* random */
mt19937_64 rd(chrono::duration_cast<chrono::milliseconds>(chrono::system_clock::now().time_since_epoch()).count());
/* bit-wise operations */
#define lowbit(x) ((x) & -(x))
#define popcount(x) (__builtin_popcountll(ll(x)))
#define parity(x) (__builtin_parityll(ll(x)))
#define msp(x) (63LL - __builtin_clzll(ll(x)))
#define lsp(x) (__builtin_ctzll(ll(x)))
/* arithmetic operations */
#define mod(x, y) ((((x) % (y)) + (y)) % (y))
/* fast pairs */
#define upair ull
#define umake(x, y) (ull(x) << 32 | (ull(y) & ((1ULL << 32) - 1)))
#define u1(p) ((p) >> 32)
#define u2(p) ((p) & ((1ULL << 32) - 1))
#define ult std::less<upair>
#define ugt std::greater<upair>
#define ipair ull
#define imake(x, y) (umake(x, y))
#define i1(p) (int(u1(ll(p))))
#define i2(p) (ll(u2(p) << 32) >> 32)
struct ilt {
bool operator()(const ipair& a, const ipair& b) const {
if (i1(a) == i1(b)) return i2(a) < i2(b);
else return i1(a) < i1(b);
}
};
struct igt {
bool operator()(const ipair& a, const ipair& b) const {
if (i1(a) == i1(b)) return i2(a) > i2(b);
else return i1(a) > i1(b);
}
};
/* conditions */
#define loop while (1)
#define if_or(var, val) if (!(var == val)) var = val; else
#define continue_or(var, val) __AS_PROCEDURE(if (var == val) continue; var = val;)
#define break_or(var, val) __AS_PROCEDURE(if (var == val) break; var = val;)
/* hash */
struct safe_hash {
// https://codeforces.com/blog/entry/62393
static uint64_t splitmix64(uint64_t x) {
// http://xorshift.di.unimi.it/splitmix64.c
x += 0x9e3779b97f4a7c15;
x = (x ^ (x >> 30)) * 0xbf58476d1ce4e5b9;
x = (x ^ (x >> 27)) * 0x94d049bb133111eb;
return x ^ (x >> 31);
}
size_t operator()(uint64_t x) const {
static const uint64_t FIXED_RANDOM = chrono::steady_clock::now().time_since_epoch().count();
return splitmix64(x + FIXED_RANDOM);
}
};
struct pair_hash {
template <typename T, typename U>
size_t operator()(const pair<T, U>& a) const {
auto hash1 = safe_hash()(a.first);
auto hash2 = safe_hash()(a.second);
if (hash1 != hash2) {
return hash1 ^ hash2;
}
return hash1;
}
};
uniform_int_distribution<mt19937::result_type> dist(PRIME);
const size_t __array_hash_b = 31, __array_hash_mdl1 = dist(rd), __array_hash_mdl2 = dist(rd);
struct array_hash {
template <typename Sequence>
size_t operator()(const Sequence& arr) const {
size_t pw1 = 1, pw2 = 1;
size_t res1 = 0, res2 = 0;
for (auto&& x : arr) {
res1 = (res1 + x * pw1) % __array_hash_mdl1;
res2 = (res2 + x * pw2) % __array_hash_mdl2;
pw1 = (pw1 * __array_hash_b) % __array_hash_mdl1;
pw2 = (pw2 * __array_hash_b) % __array_hash_mdl2;
}
return res1 + res2;
}
};
/* build data structures */
#define faster(um) __AS_PROCEDURE((um).reserve(1024); (um).max_load_factor(0.25);)
#define unordered_counter(from, to) __AS_PROCEDURE(unordered_map<__as_typeof(from), size_t, safe_hash> to; for (auto&& x : from) ++to[x];)
#define counter(from, to, cmp) __AS_PROCEDURE(map<__as_typeof(from), size_t, cmp> to; for (auto&& x : from) ++to[x];)
#define pa(a) __AS_PROCEDURE(__typeof(a) pa; pa.push_back({}); for (auto&&x : a) pa.push_back(pa.back() + x);)
#define sa(a) __AS_PROCEDURE(__typeof(a) sa(a.size() + 1); {int n = a.size(); for (int i = n - 1; i >= 0; --i) sa[i] = sa[i + 1] + a[i];};)
#define adj(ch, n) __AS_PROCEDURE(vector<vector<int>> ch((n) + 1);)
#define edge(ch, u, v) __AS_PROCEDURE(ch[u].push_back(v), ch[v].push_back(u);)
#define edgew(ch, u, v, ...) __AS_PROCEDURE(ch[u].emplace_back(v, __VA_ARGS__), ch[v].emplace_back(u, __VA_ARGS__);)
#define Edge(ch, u, v) __AS_PROCEDURE(ch[u].push_back(v);)
#define Edgew(ch, u, v, ...) __AS_PROCEDURE(ch[u].emplace_back(v, __VA_ARGS__);)
template <typename T, typename Iterator> pair<size_t, map<T, size_t>> discretize(Iterator __first, Iterator __last) {
set<T> st(__first, __last);
size_t N = 0;
map<T, size_t> mp;
for (auto&& x : st) mp[x] = ++N;
return {N, mp};
}
template <typename T, typename Iterator> pair<size_t, unordered_map<T, size_t, safe_hash>> unordered_discretize(Iterator __first, Iterator __last) {
set<T> st(__first, __last);
size_t N = 0;
unordered_map<T, size_t, safe_hash> mp;
for (auto&& x : st) mp[x] = ++N;
return {N, mp};
}
/* io */
#define untie __AS_PROCEDURE(ios_base::sync_with_stdio(0), cin.tie(NULL))
template<typename T, typename U> istream& operator>>(istream& in, pair<T, U>& p) {
return in >> p.first >> p.second;
}
template<typename T, typename U> ostream& operator<<(ostream& out, const pair<T, U>& p) {
out << "{" << p.first << ", " << p.second << "}";
return out;
}
template<typename Char, typename Traits, typename Tuple, std::size_t... Index>
void print_tuple_impl(std::basic_ostream<Char, Traits>& os, const Tuple& t, std::index_sequence<Index...>) {
using swallow = int[]; // guaranties left to right order
(void)swallow { 0, (void(os << (Index == 0 ? "" : ", ") << std::get<Index>(t)), 0)... };
}
template<typename Char, typename Traits, typename... Args>
decltype(auto) operator<<(std::basic_ostream<Char, Traits>& os, const std::tuple<Args...>& t) {
os << "{";
print_tuple_impl(os, t, std::index_sequence_for<Args...>{});
return os << "}";
}
template<typename T> ostream& operator<<(ostream& out, const vector<T>& vec) {
for (auto&& i : vec) out << i << ' ';
return out;
}
std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& dest, const int128& value) {
// https://stackoverflow.com/a/25115163/23881100
std::ostream::sentry s( dest );
if ( s ) {
uint128 tmp = value < 0 ? -value : value;
char buffer[ 128 ];
char* d = std::end( buffer );
do {
-- d;
*d = "0123456789"[ tmp % 10 ];
tmp /= 10;
} while ( tmp != 0 );
if ( value < 0 ) {
-- d;
*d = '-';
}
int len = std::end( buffer ) - d;
if ( dest.rdbuf()->sputn( d, len ) != len ) {
dest.setstate( std::ios_base::badbit );
}
}
return dest;
}
template<typename T> void __read(T& x) { cin >> x; }
template<typename T, typename... U> void __read(T& x, U&... args) { cin >> x; __read(args...); }
#define read(type, ...) __AS_PROCEDURE(type __VA_ARGS__; __read(__VA_ARGS__);)
#define readvec(type, a, n) __AS_PROCEDURE(vector<type> a(n); for (auto& x : a) cin >> x;)
#define readvec1(type, a, n) __AS_PROCEDURE(vector<type> a((n) + 1); copy_n(ii<type>(cin), (n), a.begin() + 1);)
#define putvec(a) __AS_PROCEDURE(copy(a.begin(), a.end(), oi<__as_typeof(a)::value_type>(cout, " ")); cout << endl;)
#define putvec1(a) __AS_PROCEDURE(copy(a.begin() + 1, a.end(), oi<__as_typeof(a)::value_type>(cout, " ")); cout << endl;)
#define putvec_eol(a) __AS_PROCEDURE(copy(a.begin(), a.end(), oi<__as_typeof(a)::value_type>(cout, "\n"));)
#define putvec1_eol(a) __AS_PROCEDURE(copy(a.begin() + 1, a.end(), oi<__as_typeof(a)::value_type>(cout, "\n"));)
#define debug(x) __AS_PROCEDURE(cerr << #x" = " << (x) << endl;)
#define debugvec(a) __AS_PROCEDURE(cerr << #a" = "; for (auto&& x : a) cerr << x << ' '; cerr << endl;)
#define deb(...) debug(make_tuple(__VA_ARGS__))
/* pops */
#define poptop(q, ...) __AS_PROCEDURE(auto [__VA_ARGS__] = q.top(); q.pop();)
#define popback(q, ...) __AS_PROCEDURE(auto [__VA_ARGS__] = q.back(); q.pop_back();)
#define popfront(q, ...) __AS_PROCEDURE(auto [__VA_ARGS__] = q.front();q.pop_front();)
/* math */
template <typename return_t>
return_t qpow(ll b, ll p) {
if (b == 0 and p != 0) return 0;
if (p == 0) return 1;
return_t half = qpow<return_t>(b, p / 2);
if (p % 2 == 1) return half * half * b;
else return half * half;
}
#define comb(n, k) ((n) < 0 or (k) < 0 or (n) < (k) ? 0 : fact[n] / fact[k] / fact[(n) - (k)])
#define fastcomb(n, k) ((n) < 0 or (k) < 0 or (n) < (k) ? 0 : fact[n] * factrev[k] * factrev[(n) - (k)])
constexpr inline int lg2(ll x) { return x == 0 ? -1 : sizeof(ll) * 8 - 1 - __builtin_clzll(x); }
void __exgcd(ll a, ll b, ll& x, ll& y) {
if (b == 0) {
x = 1, y = 0;
return;
}
__exgcd(b, a % b, y, x);
y -= a / b * x;
}
ll inverse(ll a, ll b) {
ll x, y;
__exgcd(a, b, x, y);
return mod(x, b);
}
vector<tuple<int, int, ll>> decompose(ll x) {
// return (factor, count, factor ** count)
vector<tuple<int, int, ll>> res;
for (int i = 2; i * i <= x; i++) {
if (x % i == 0) {
int cnt = 0;
ll pw = 1;
while (x % i == 0) ++cnt, x /= i, pw *= i;
res.emplace_back(i, cnt, pw);
}
}
if (x != 1) {
res.emplace_back(x, 1, x);
}
return res;
}
vector<pii> decompose_prime(int N) {
// return (factor, count)
vector<pii> result;
for (int i = 2; i * i <= N; i++) {
if (N % i == 0) {
int cnt = 0;
while (N % i == 0) N /= i, ++cnt;
result.emplace_back(i, cnt);
}
}
if (N != 1) {
result.emplace_back(N, 1);
}
return result;
}
/* string algorithms */
vector<int> calc_next(string t) { // pi function of t
int n = (int)t.length();
vector<int> pi(n);
for (int i = 1; i < n; i++) {
int j = pi[i - 1];
while (j > 0 && t[i] != t[j]) j = pi[j - 1];
if (t[i] == t[j]) j++;
pi[i] = j;
}
return pi;
}
vector<int> calc_z(string t) { // z function of t
int m = t.length();
vector<int> z;
z.push_back(m);
pair<int, int> prev = {1, -1};
for (int i = 1; i < m; ++i) {
if (z[i - prev.first] + i <= prev.second) {
z.push_back(z[i - prev.first]);
} else {
int j = max(i, prev.second + 1);
while (j < m && t[j] == t[j - i]) ++j;
z.push_back(j - i);
prev = {i, j - 1};
}
}
return z;
}
vector<int> kmp(string s, string t) { // find all t in s
string cur = t + '#' + s;
int sz1 = s.size(), sz2 = t.size();
vector<int> v;
vector<int> lps = calc_next(cur);
for (int i = sz2 + 1; i <= sz1 + sz2; i++) {
if (lps[i] == sz2) v.push_back(i - 2 * sz2);
}
return v;
}
int period(string s) { // find the length of shortest recurring period
int n = s.length();
auto z = calc_z(s);
for (int i = 1; i <= n / 2; ++i) {
if (n % i == 0 && z[i] == n - i) {
return i;
}
}
return n;
}
/* modular arithmetic */
template <ll mdl> struct MLL {
ll val;
MLL(ll v = 0) : val(mod(v, mdl)) {}
MLL(const MLL<mdl>& other) : val(other.val) {}
friend MLL operator+(const MLL& lhs, const MLL& rhs) { return mod(lhs.val + rhs.val, mdl); }
friend MLL operator-(const MLL& lhs, const MLL& rhs) { return mod(lhs.val - rhs.val, mdl); }
friend MLL operator*(const MLL& lhs, const MLL& rhs) { return mod(lhs.val * rhs.val, mdl); }
friend MLL operator/(const MLL& lhs, const MLL& rhs) { return mod(lhs.val * mod(inverse(rhs.val, mdl), mdl), mdl); }
friend MLL operator%(const MLL& lhs, const MLL& rhs) { return mod(lhs.val - (lhs / rhs).val, mdl); }
friend bool operator==(const MLL& lhs, const MLL& rhs) { return lhs.val == rhs.val; }
friend bool operator!=(const MLL& lhs, const MLL& rhs) { return lhs.val != rhs.val; }
void operator+=(const MLL& rhs) { val = (*this + rhs).val; }
void operator-=(const MLL& rhs) { val = (*this - rhs).val; }
void operator*=(const MLL& rhs) { val = (*this * rhs).val; }
void operator/=(const MLL& rhs) { val = (*this / rhs).val; }
void operator%=(const MLL& rhs) { val = (*this % rhs).val; }
};
template <ll mdl>
ostream& operator<<(ostream& out, const MLL<mdl>& num) {
return out << num.val;
}
template <ll mdl>
istream& operator>>(istream& in, MLL<mdl>& num) {
return in >> num.val;
}
// miscancellous
template <typename T, typename U>
bool chmax(T& lhs, const U& rhs) {
bool ret = lhs < rhs;
if (ret) {
lhs = rhs;
}
return ret;
}
template <typename T, typename U>
bool chmin(T& lhs, const U& rhs) {
bool ret = lhs > rhs;
if (ret) {
lhs = rhs;
}
return ret;
}
#define functor(func) ([&](auto&&... val) \
noexcept(noexcept(func(std::forward<decltype(val)>(val)...))) -> decltype(auto) \
{return func(std::forward<decltype(val)>(val)...);})
#define expr(ret, ...) ([&] (__VA_ARGS__) { return (ret); })
template <typename Func, typename RandomIt> void sort_by_key(RandomIt first, RandomIt last, Func extractor) {
std::sort(first, last, [&] (auto&& a, auto&& b) { return std::less<>()(extractor(a), extractor(b)); });
}
template <typename Func, typename RandomIt, typename Compare> void sort_by_key(RandomIt first, RandomIt last, Func extractor, Compare comp) {
std::sort(first, last, [&] (auto&& a, auto&& b) { return comp(extractor(a), extractor(b)); });
}
template <typename T, typename U, typename Iterator_T, typename Iterator_U>
vector<pair<T, U>> zip(Iterator_T a_first, Iterator_T a_last, Iterator_U b_first, Iterator_U b_last) {
vector<pair<T, U>> res;
auto a_it = a_first;
auto b_it = b_first;
for (; not (a_it == a_last) and not (b_it == b_last); ++a_it, ++b_it) {
res.emplace_back(*a_it, *b_it);
}
return res;
}
template <typename T, typename U, typename Iterator_T, typename Iterator_U>
vector<pair<T, U>> zip_n(Iterator_T a_first, Iterator_U b_first, size_t n) {
vector<pair<T, U>> res;
if (n > 0) {
res.emplace_back(*a_first, *b_first);
for (size_t i = 1; i != n; ++i) {
res.emplace_back(*++a_first, *++b_first);
}
}
return res;
}
template <typename T>
class ArithmeticIterator : bidirectional_iterator_tag {
public:
using difference_type = ptrdiff_t;
using value_type = T;
private:
value_type value;
public:
ArithmeticIterator(const T& value) : value(value) {}
value_type operator*() const { return value; }
ArithmeticIterator<T>& operator++() { ++value; return *this; }
ArithmeticIterator<T>& operator--() { --value; return *this; }
bool operator==(const ArithmeticIterator<T>& rhs) const { return value == rhs.value; }
};
template <typename T> vector<pair<int, T>> enumerate(const vector<T>& container) {
return zip<int, T>(ArithmeticIterator<int>(0), ArithmeticIterator<int>(INT_MAX), container.begin(), container.end());
}
#define initarray(init, N) (__initarray<decay<decltype(init)>::type, (N)>(init))
namespace detail {
template <typename T, std::size_t...Is>
constexpr std::array<T, sizeof...(Is)>
make_array(const T& value, std::index_sequence<Is...>) {
return {{(static_cast<void>(Is), value)...}};
}
}
template <typename T, std::size_t N>
constexpr std::array<T, N> __initarray(const T& value) {
return detail::make_array(value, std::make_index_sequence<N>());
}
/*******************************************************/
#define SINGLE_TEST_CASE
// #define DUMP_TEST_CASE 7219
// #define TOT_TEST_CASE 10000
void dump() {}
void dump_ignore() {}
constexpr int N = 55;
using mll = MLL<PRIME>;
mll fact[N], factrev[N];
void prep() {
fact[0] = factrev[0] = 1;
for (int i = 1; i < N; ++i) {
fact[i] = fact[i - 1] * i;
factrev[i] = 1 / fact[i];
}
}
__attribute__((target("popcnt")))
void solve() {
constexpr int MX = 17;
read(int, n, m, k);
readvec(int, w, n);
n = MX * 3;
w.resize(n);
ll tot = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
tot = (tot + w[i]) % PRIME;
}
ll inv = inverse(tot, PRIME);
auto get = [inv] (int d, vector<int> a) -> vector<vector<ll>> {
int n = 0;
for (auto&& x : a) {
if (x) {
n += 1;
}
}
vector dp(d + 1, vector<ll>(1 << n));
dp[0][0] = 1;
for (int i = 1; i <= d; ++i) {
for (int j = 0; j < (1 << n); ++j) {
for (int k = 0; k < n; ++k) {
dp[i][j | 1 << k] = (dp[i][j | 1 << k] + ((((a[k] * inv) % PRIME) * dp[i - 1][j]) % PRIME)) % PRIME;
}
}
}
vector ret(d + 1, vector<ll>(a.size() + 1));
for (int i = 0; i <= d; ++i) {
for (int j = 0; j < (1 << n); ++j) {
int pop = popcount(j);
ret[i][pop] = (ret[i][pop] + dp[i][j]) % PRIME;
}
}
return ret;
};
auto p = get(k, vector(w.begin(), w.begin() + MX));
auto q = get(k, vector(w.begin() + MX, w.begin() + 2 * MX));
auto r = get(k, vector(w.begin() + 2 * MX, w.begin() + 3 * MX));
mll res = 0;
for (int a = 0; a <= k; ++a) {
for (int b = 0; a + b <= k; ++b) {
int c = k - a - b;
for (int x = 0; x <= min(min(MX, a), m); ++x) {
for (int y = 0; y <= min(MX, b) and x + y <= m; ++y) {
int z = m - x - y;
if (z > min(MX, c)) continue;
res += mll(1) * p[a][x] * q[b][y] * r[c][z] * fastcomb(k, a + b) * fastcomb(a + b, a);
}
}
}
}
cout << res << '\n';
}
int main() {
#if __cplusplus < 201402L or defined(_MSC_VER) and not defined(__clang__)
assert(false && "incompatible compiler variant detected.");
#endif
untie;
prep();
#ifdef SINGLE_TEST_CASE
solve();
#else
read(int, t);
for (int i = 0; i < t; ++i) {
#ifdef DUMP_TEST_CASE
if (t != (TOT_TEST_CASE)) {
solve();
} else if (i + 1 == (DUMP_TEST_CASE)) {
dump();
} else {
dump_ignore();
}
#else
solve();
#endif
}
#endif
}

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// #pragma GCC target("popcnt,lzcnt,abm,bmi,bmi2")
#pragma GCC optimize("Ofast")
/************* This code requires C++17. ***************/
#include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
/* macro helpers */
#define __NARGS(...) std::tuple_size<decltype(std::make_tuple(__VA_ARGS__))>::value
#define __DECOMPOSE_S(a, x) auto x = a;
#define __DECOMPOSE_N(a, ...) auto [__VA_ARGS__] = a;
constexpr void __() {}
#define __AS_PROCEDURE(...) __(); __VA_ARGS__; __()
#define __as_typeof(container) remove_reference<decltype(container)>::type
/* type aliases */
#if LONG_LONG_MAX != INT64_MAX
using ll = int64_t;
using ull = uint64_t;
#else
using ll = long long;
using ull = unsigned long long;
#endif
using int128 = __int128_t;
using uint128 = __uint128_t;
using ld = long double;
using pii = pair<int, int>; using pil = pair<int, ll>; using pid = pair<int, ld>;
using pli = pair<ll, int>; using pll = pair<ll, ll>; using pld = pair<ll, ld>;
using pdi = pair<ld, int>; using pdl = pair<ld, ll>; using pdd = pair<ld, ld>;
using tiii = tuple<int, int, int>; using tiil = tuple<int, int, ll>; using tiid = tuple<int, int, ld>;
using tili = tuple<int, ll, int>; using till = tuple<int, ll, ll>; using tild = tuple<int, ll, ld>;
using tidi = tuple<int, ld, int>; using tidl = tuple<int, ld, ll>; using tidd = tuple<int, ld, ld>;
using tlii = tuple<ll, int, int>; using tlil = tuple<ll, int, ll>; using tlid = tuple<ll, int, ld>;
using tlli = tuple<ll, ll, int>; using tlll = tuple<ll, ll, ll>; using tlld = tuple<ll, ll, ld>;
using tldi = tuple<ll, ld, int>; using tldl = tuple<ll, ld, ll>; using tldd = tuple<ll, ld, ld>;
using tdii = tuple<ld, int, int>; using tdil = tuple<ld, int, ll>; using tdid = tuple<ld, int, ld>;
using tdli = tuple<ld, ll, int>; using tdll = tuple<ld, ll, ll>; using tdld = tuple<ld, ll, ld>;
using tddi = tuple<ld, ld, int>; using tddl = tuple<ld, ld, ll>; using tddd = tuple<ld, ld, ld>;
template <typename T> using max_heap = priority_queue<T>;
template <typename T> using min_heap = priority_queue<T, vector<T>, greater<>>;
template <typename T> using oi = ostream_iterator<T>;
template <typename T> using ii = istream_iterator<T>;
/* constants */
constexpr int INF = 0x3f3f3f3f;
constexpr ll INFLL = 0x3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3fLL;
constexpr ll MDL = 1e9 + 7;
constexpr ll PRIME = 998'244'353;
constexpr ll MDL1 = 8784491;
constexpr ll MDL2 = PRIME;
constexpr int128 INT128_MAX = numeric_limits<int128>::max();
constexpr uint128 UINT128_MAX = numeric_limits<uint128>::max();
constexpr int128 INT128_MIN = numeric_limits<int128>::min();
constexpr uint128 UINT128_MIN = numeric_limits<uint128>::min();
/* random */
mt19937_64 rd(chrono::duration_cast<chrono::milliseconds>(chrono::system_clock::now().time_since_epoch()).count());
/* bit-wise operations */
#define lowbit(x) ((x) & -(x))
#define popcount(x) (__builtin_popcountll(ll(x)))
#define parity(x) (__builtin_parityll(ll(x)))
#define msp(x) (63LL - __builtin_clzll(ll(x)))
#define lsp(x) (__builtin_ctzll(ll(x)))
/* arithmetic operations */
#define mod(x, y) ((((x) % (y)) + (y)) % (y))
/* fast pairs */
#define upair ull
#define umake(x, y) (ull(x) << 32 | (ull(y) & ((1ULL << 32) - 1)))
#define u1(p) ((p) >> 32)
#define u2(p) ((p) & ((1ULL << 32) - 1))
#define ult std::less<upair>
#define ugt std::greater<upair>
#define ipair ull
#define imake(x, y) (umake(x, y))
#define i1(p) (int(u1(ll(p))))
#define i2(p) (ll(u2(p) << 32) >> 32)
struct ilt {
bool operator()(const ipair& a, const ipair& b) const {
if (i1(a) == i1(b)) return i2(a) < i2(b);
else return i1(a) < i1(b);
}
};
struct igt {
bool operator()(const ipair& a, const ipair& b) const {
if (i1(a) == i1(b)) return i2(a) > i2(b);
else return i1(a) > i1(b);
}
};
/* conditions */
#define loop while (1)
#define if_or(var, val) if (!(var == val)) var = val; else
#define continue_or(var, val) __AS_PROCEDURE(if (var == val) continue; var = val;)
#define break_or(var, val) __AS_PROCEDURE(if (var == val) break; var = val;)
/* hash */
struct safe_hash {
// https://codeforces.com/blog/entry/62393
static uint64_t splitmix64(uint64_t x) {
// http://xorshift.di.unimi.it/splitmix64.c
x += 0x9e3779b97f4a7c15;
x = (x ^ (x >> 30)) * 0xbf58476d1ce4e5b9;
x = (x ^ (x >> 27)) * 0x94d049bb133111eb;
return x ^ (x >> 31);
}
size_t operator()(uint64_t x) const {
static const uint64_t FIXED_RANDOM = chrono::steady_clock::now().time_since_epoch().count();
return splitmix64(x + FIXED_RANDOM);
}
};
struct pair_hash {
template <typename T, typename U>
size_t operator()(const pair<T, U>& a) const {
auto hash1 = safe_hash()(a.first);
auto hash2 = safe_hash()(a.second);
if (hash1 != hash2) {
return hash1 ^ hash2;
}
return hash1;
}
};
uniform_int_distribution<mt19937::result_type> dist(PRIME);
const size_t __array_hash_b = 31, __array_hash_mdl1 = dist(rd), __array_hash_mdl2 = dist(rd);
struct array_hash {
template <typename Sequence>
size_t operator()(const Sequence& arr) const {
size_t pw1 = 1, pw2 = 1;
size_t res1 = 0, res2 = 0;
for (auto&& x : arr) {
res1 = (res1 + x * pw1) % __array_hash_mdl1;
res2 = (res2 + x * pw2) % __array_hash_mdl2;
pw1 = (pw1 * __array_hash_b) % __array_hash_mdl1;
pw2 = (pw2 * __array_hash_b) % __array_hash_mdl2;
}
return res1 + res2;
}
};
/* build data structures */
#define faster(um) __AS_PROCEDURE((um).reserve(1024); (um).max_load_factor(0.25);)
#define unordered_counter(from, to) __AS_PROCEDURE(unordered_map<__as_typeof(from), size_t, safe_hash> to; for (auto&& x : from) ++to[x];)
#define counter(from, to, cmp) __AS_PROCEDURE(map<__as_typeof(from), size_t, cmp> to; for (auto&& x : from) ++to[x];)
#define pa(a) __AS_PROCEDURE(__typeof(a) pa; pa.push_back({}); for (auto&&x : a) pa.push_back(pa.back() + x);)
#define sa(a) __AS_PROCEDURE(__typeof(a) sa(a.size() + 1); {int n = a.size(); for (int i = n - 1; i >= 0; --i) sa[i] = sa[i + 1] + a[i];};)
#define adj(ch, n) __AS_PROCEDURE(vector<vector<int>> ch((n) + 1);)
#define edge(ch, u, v) __AS_PROCEDURE(ch[u].push_back(v), ch[v].push_back(u);)
#define edgew(ch, u, v, ...) __AS_PROCEDURE(ch[u].emplace_back(v, __VA_ARGS__), ch[v].emplace_back(u, __VA_ARGS__);)
#define Edge(ch, u, v) __AS_PROCEDURE(ch[u].push_back(v);)
#define Edgew(ch, u, v, ...) __AS_PROCEDURE(ch[u].emplace_back(v, __VA_ARGS__);)
template <typename T, typename Iterator> pair<size_t, map<T, size_t>> discretize(Iterator __first, Iterator __last) {
set<T> st(__first, __last);
size_t N = 0;
map<T, size_t> mp;
for (auto&& x : st) mp[x] = ++N;
return {N, mp};
}
template <typename T, typename Iterator> pair<size_t, unordered_map<T, size_t, safe_hash>> unordered_discretize(Iterator __first, Iterator __last) {
set<T> st(__first, __last);
size_t N = 0;
unordered_map<T, size_t, safe_hash> mp;
for (auto&& x : st) mp[x] = ++N;
return {N, mp};
}
/* io */
#define untie __AS_PROCEDURE(ios_base::sync_with_stdio(0), cin.tie(NULL))
template<typename T, typename U> istream& operator>>(istream& in, pair<T, U>& p) {
return in >> p.first >> p.second;
}
template<typename T, typename U> ostream& operator<<(ostream& out, const pair<T, U>& p) {
out << "{" << p.first << ", " << p.second << "}";
return out;
}
template<typename Char, typename Traits, typename Tuple, std::size_t... Index>
void print_tuple_impl(std::basic_ostream<Char, Traits>& os, const Tuple& t, std::index_sequence<Index...>) {
using swallow = int[]; // guaranties left to right order
(void)swallow { 0, (void(os << (Index == 0 ? "" : ", ") << std::get<Index>(t)), 0)... };
}
template<typename Char, typename Traits, typename... Args>
decltype(auto) operator<<(std::basic_ostream<Char, Traits>& os, const std::tuple<Args...>& t) {
os << "{";
print_tuple_impl(os, t, std::index_sequence_for<Args...>{});
return os << "}";
}
template<typename T> ostream& operator<<(ostream& out, const vector<T>& vec) {
for (auto&& i : vec) out << i << ' ';
return out;
}
std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& dest, const int128& value) {
// https://stackoverflow.com/a/25115163/23881100
std::ostream::sentry s( dest );
if ( s ) {
uint128 tmp = value < 0 ? -value : value;
char buffer[ 128 ];
char* d = std::end( buffer );
do {
-- d;
*d = "0123456789"[ tmp % 10 ];
tmp /= 10;
} while ( tmp != 0 );
if ( value < 0 ) {
-- d;
*d = '-';
}
int len = std::end( buffer ) - d;
if ( dest.rdbuf()->sputn( d, len ) != len ) {
dest.setstate( std::ios_base::badbit );
}
}
return dest;
}
template<typename T> void __read(T& x) { cin >> x; }
template<typename T, typename... U> void __read(T& x, U&... args) { cin >> x; __read(args...); }
#define read(type, ...) __AS_PROCEDURE(type __VA_ARGS__; __read(__VA_ARGS__);)
#define readvec(type, a, n) __AS_PROCEDURE(vector<type> a(n); for (auto& x : a) cin >> x;)
#define readvec1(type, a, n) __AS_PROCEDURE(vector<type> a((n) + 1); copy_n(ii<type>(cin), (n), a.begin() + 1);)
#define putvec(a) __AS_PROCEDURE(copy(a.begin(), a.end(), oi<__as_typeof(a)::value_type>(cout, " ")); cout << endl;)
#define putvec1(a) __AS_PROCEDURE(copy(a.begin() + 1, a.end(), oi<__as_typeof(a)::value_type>(cout, " ")); cout << endl;)
#define putvec_eol(a) __AS_PROCEDURE(copy(a.begin(), a.end(), oi<__as_typeof(a)::value_type>(cout, "\n"));)
#define putvec1_eol(a) __AS_PROCEDURE(copy(a.begin() + 1, a.end(), oi<__as_typeof(a)::value_type>(cout, "\n"));)
#define debug(x) __AS_PROCEDURE(cerr << #x" = " << (x) << endl;)
#define debugvec(a) __AS_PROCEDURE(cerr << #a" = "; for (auto&& x : a) cerr << x << ' '; cerr << endl;)
#define deb(...) debug(make_tuple(__VA_ARGS__))
/* pops */
#define poptop(q, ...) __AS_PROCEDURE(auto [__VA_ARGS__] = q.top(); q.pop();)
#define popback(q, ...) __AS_PROCEDURE(auto [__VA_ARGS__] = q.back(); q.pop_back();)
#define popfront(q, ...) __AS_PROCEDURE(auto [__VA_ARGS__] = q.front();q.pop_front();)
/* math */
template <typename return_t>
return_t qpow(ll b, ll p) {
if (b == 0 and p != 0) return 0;
if (p == 0) return 1;
return_t half = qpow<return_t>(b, p / 2);
if (p % 2 == 1) return half * half * b;
else return half * half;
}
#define comb(n, k) ((n) < 0 or (k) < 0 or (n) < (k) ? 0 : fact[n] / fact[k] / fact[(n) - (k)])
#define fastcomb(n, k) ((n) < 0 or (k) < 0 or (n) < (k) ? 0 : fact[n] * factrev[k] * factrev[(n) - (k)])
constexpr inline int lg2(ll x) { return x == 0 ? -1 : sizeof(ll) * 8 - 1 - __builtin_clzll(x); }
void __exgcd(ll a, ll b, ll& x, ll& y) {
if (b == 0) {
x = 1, y = 0;
return;
}
__exgcd(b, a % b, y, x);
y -= a / b * x;
}
ll inverse(ll a, ll b) {
ll x, y;
__exgcd(a, b, x, y);
return mod(x, b);
}
vector<tuple<int, int, ll>> decompose(ll x) {
// return (factor, count, factor ** count)
vector<tuple<int, int, ll>> res;
for (int i = 2; i * i <= x; i++) {
if (x % i == 0) {
int cnt = 0;
ll pw = 1;
while (x % i == 0) ++cnt, x /= i, pw *= i;
res.emplace_back(i, cnt, pw);
}
}
if (x != 1) {
res.emplace_back(x, 1, x);
}
return res;
}
vector<pii> decompose_prime(int N) {
// return (factor, count)
vector<pii> result;
for (int i = 2; i * i <= N; i++) {
if (N % i == 0) {
int cnt = 0;
while (N % i == 0) N /= i, ++cnt;
result.emplace_back(i, cnt);
}
}
if (N != 1) {
result.emplace_back(N, 1);
}
return result;
}
/* string algorithms */
vector<int> calc_next(string t) { // pi function of t
int n = (int)t.length();
vector<int> pi(n);
for (int i = 1; i < n; i++) {
int j = pi[i - 1];
while (j > 0 && t[i] != t[j]) j = pi[j - 1];
if (t[i] == t[j]) j++;
pi[i] = j;
}
return pi;
}
vector<int> calc_z(string t) { // z function of t
int m = t.length();
vector<int> z;
z.push_back(m);
pair<int, int> prev = {1, -1};
for (int i = 1; i < m; ++i) {
if (z[i - prev.first] + i <= prev.second) {
z.push_back(z[i - prev.first]);
} else {
int j = max(i, prev.second + 1);
while (j < m && t[j] == t[j - i]) ++j;
z.push_back(j - i);
prev = {i, j - 1};
}
}
return z;
}
vector<int> kmp(string s, string t) { // find all t in s
string cur = t + '#' + s;
int sz1 = s.size(), sz2 = t.size();
vector<int> v;
vector<int> lps = calc_next(cur);
for (int i = sz2 + 1; i <= sz1 + sz2; i++) {
if (lps[i] == sz2) v.push_back(i - 2 * sz2);
}
return v;
}
int period(string s) { // find the length of shortest recurring period
int n = s.length();
auto z = calc_z(s);
for (int i = 1; i <= n / 2; ++i) {
if (n % i == 0 && z[i] == n - i) {
return i;
}
}
return n;
}
/* modular arithmetic */
template <ll mdl> struct MLL {
ll val;
MLL(ll v = 0) : val(mod(v, mdl)) {}
MLL(const MLL<mdl>& other) : val(other.val) {}
friend MLL operator+(const MLL& lhs, const MLL& rhs) { return mod(lhs.val + rhs.val, mdl); }
friend MLL operator-(const MLL& lhs, const MLL& rhs) { return mod(lhs.val - rhs.val, mdl); }
friend MLL operator*(const MLL& lhs, const MLL& rhs) { return mod(lhs.val * rhs.val, mdl); }
friend MLL operator/(const MLL& lhs, const MLL& rhs) { return mod(lhs.val * mod(inverse(rhs.val, mdl), mdl), mdl); }
friend MLL operator%(const MLL& lhs, const MLL& rhs) { return mod(lhs.val - (lhs / rhs).val, mdl); }
friend bool operator==(const MLL& lhs, const MLL& rhs) { return lhs.val == rhs.val; }
friend bool operator!=(const MLL& lhs, const MLL& rhs) { return lhs.val != rhs.val; }
void operator+=(const MLL& rhs) { val = (*this + rhs).val; }
void operator-=(const MLL& rhs) { val = (*this - rhs).val; }
void operator*=(const MLL& rhs) { val = (*this * rhs).val; }
void operator/=(const MLL& rhs) { val = (*this / rhs).val; }
void operator%=(const MLL& rhs) { val = (*this % rhs).val; }
};
template <ll mdl>
ostream& operator<<(ostream& out, const MLL<mdl>& num) {
return out << num.val;
}
template <ll mdl>
istream& operator>>(istream& in, MLL<mdl>& num) {
return in >> num.val;
}
// miscancellous
template <typename T, typename U>
bool chmax(T& lhs, const U& rhs) {
bool ret = lhs < rhs;
if (ret) {
lhs = rhs;
}
return ret;
}
template <typename T, typename U>
bool chmin(T& lhs, const U& rhs) {
bool ret = lhs > rhs;
if (ret) {
lhs = rhs;
}
return ret;
}
#define functor(func) ([&](auto&&... val) \
noexcept(noexcept(func(std::forward<decltype(val)>(val)...))) -> decltype(auto) \
{return func(std::forward<decltype(val)>(val)...);})
#define expr(ret, ...) ([&] (__VA_ARGS__) { return (ret); })
template <typename Func, typename RandomIt> void sort_by_key(RandomIt first, RandomIt last, Func extractor) {
std::sort(first, last, [&] (auto&& a, auto&& b) { return std::less<>()(extractor(a), extractor(b)); });
}
template <typename Func, typename RandomIt, typename Compare> void sort_by_key(RandomIt first, RandomIt last, Func extractor, Compare comp) {
std::sort(first, last, [&] (auto&& a, auto&& b) { return comp(extractor(a), extractor(b)); });
}
template <typename T, typename U, typename Iterator_T, typename Iterator_U>
vector<pair<T, U>> zip(Iterator_T a_first, Iterator_T a_last, Iterator_U b_first, Iterator_U b_last) {
vector<pair<T, U>> res;
auto a_it = a_first;
auto b_it = b_first;
for (; not (a_it == a_last) and not (b_it == b_last); ++a_it, ++b_it) {
res.emplace_back(*a_it, *b_it);
}
return res;
}
template <typename T, typename U, typename Iterator_T, typename Iterator_U>
vector<pair<T, U>> zip_n(Iterator_T a_first, Iterator_U b_first, size_t n) {
vector<pair<T, U>> res;
if (n > 0) {
res.emplace_back(*a_first, *b_first);
for (size_t i = 1; i != n; ++i) {
res.emplace_back(*++a_first, *++b_first);
}
}
return res;
}
template <typename T>
class ArithmeticIterator : bidirectional_iterator_tag {
public:
using difference_type = ptrdiff_t;
using value_type = T;
private:
value_type value;
public:
ArithmeticIterator(const T& value) : value(value) {}
value_type operator*() const { return value; }
ArithmeticIterator<T>& operator++() { ++value; return *this; }
ArithmeticIterator<T>& operator--() { --value; return *this; }
bool operator==(const ArithmeticIterator<T>& rhs) const { return value == rhs.value; }
};
template <typename T> vector<pair<int, T>> enumerate(const vector<T>& container) {
return zip<int, T>(ArithmeticIterator<int>(0), ArithmeticIterator<int>(INT_MAX), container.begin(), container.end());
}
#define initarray(init, N) (__initarray<decay<decltype(init)>::type, (N)>(init))
namespace detail {
template <typename T, std::size_t...Is>
constexpr std::array<T, sizeof...(Is)>
make_array(const T& value, std::index_sequence<Is...>) {
return {{(static_cast<void>(Is), value)...}};
}
}
template <typename T, std::size_t N>
constexpr std::array<T, N> __initarray(const T& value) {
return detail::make_array(value, std::make_index_sequence<N>());
}
/*******************************************************/
#define SINGLE_TEST_CASE
// #define DUMP_TEST_CASE 7219
// #define TOT_TEST_CASE 10000
void dump() {}
void dump_ignore() {}
void prep() {
}
// __attribute__((target("popcnt")))
void solve() {
read(int, n);
vector<int> a(n), b(n);
for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
cin >> a[i] >> b[i];
}
int target = accumulate(b.begin(), b.end(), 0);
if (target % 3) {
cout << -1 << '\n';
return;
}
target /= 3;
vector dp(n + 1, vector(target + 1, vector<int>(target + 1, INF)));
dp[0][0][0] = 0;
int sum = 0;
for (int i = 1; i <= n; ++i) {
for (int j = 0; j <= target; ++j) {
for (int k = 0; k <= target; ++k) {
// group 0
if (j + b[i - 1] <= target) {
chmin(dp[i][j + b[i - 1]][k], dp[i - 1][j][k] + (a[i -1 ] != 1));
}
// group 1
if (k + b[i - 1] <= target) {
chmin(dp[i][j][k + b[i - 1]], dp[i -1][j][k] + (a[i -1 ] != 2));
}
// group 2
if (sum - j - k + b[i - 1] <= target) {
chmin(dp[i][j][k], dp[i - 1][j][k] + (a[i - 1] != 3));
}
}
}
sum += b[i - 1];
}
cout << (dp[n][target][target] == INF ? -1 : dp[n][target][target]) << '\n';
}
int main() {
#if __cplusplus < 201402L or defined(_MSC_VER) and not defined(__clang__)
assert(false && "incompatible compiler variant detected.");
#endif
untie;
prep();
#ifdef SINGLE_TEST_CASE
solve();
#else
read(int, t);
for (int i = 0; i < t; ++i) {
#ifdef DUMP_TEST_CASE
if (t != (TOT_TEST_CASE)) {
solve();
} else if (i + 1 == (DUMP_TEST_CASE)) {
dump();
} else {
dump_ignore();
}
#else
solve();
#endif
}
#endif
}

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// #pragma GCC target("popcnt,lzcnt,abm,bmi,bmi2")
#pragma GCC optimize("Ofast")
/************* This code requires C++17. ***************/
#include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
/* macro helpers */
#define __NARGS(...) std::tuple_size<decltype(std::make_tuple(__VA_ARGS__))>::value
#define __DECOMPOSE_S(a, x) auto x = a;
#define __DECOMPOSE_N(a, ...) auto [__VA_ARGS__] = a;
constexpr void __() {}
#define __AS_PROCEDURE(...) __(); __VA_ARGS__; __()
#define __as_typeof(container) remove_reference<decltype(container)>::type
/* type aliases */
#if LONG_LONG_MAX != INT64_MAX
using ll = int64_t;
using ull = uint64_t;
#else
using ll = long long;
using ull = unsigned long long;
#endif
using int128 = __int128_t;
using uint128 = __uint128_t;
using ld = long double;
using pii = pair<int, int>; using pil = pair<int, ll>; using pid = pair<int, ld>;
using pli = pair<ll, int>; using pll = pair<ll, ll>; using pld = pair<ll, ld>;
using pdi = pair<ld, int>; using pdl = pair<ld, ll>; using pdd = pair<ld, ld>;
using tiii = tuple<int, int, int>; using tiil = tuple<int, int, ll>; using tiid = tuple<int, int, ld>;
using tili = tuple<int, ll, int>; using till = tuple<int, ll, ll>; using tild = tuple<int, ll, ld>;
using tidi = tuple<int, ld, int>; using tidl = tuple<int, ld, ll>; using tidd = tuple<int, ld, ld>;
using tlii = tuple<ll, int, int>; using tlil = tuple<ll, int, ll>; using tlid = tuple<ll, int, ld>;
using tlli = tuple<ll, ll, int>; using tlll = tuple<ll, ll, ll>; using tlld = tuple<ll, ll, ld>;
using tldi = tuple<ll, ld, int>; using tldl = tuple<ll, ld, ll>; using tldd = tuple<ll, ld, ld>;
using tdii = tuple<ld, int, int>; using tdil = tuple<ld, int, ll>; using tdid = tuple<ld, int, ld>;
using tdli = tuple<ld, ll, int>; using tdll = tuple<ld, ll, ll>; using tdld = tuple<ld, ll, ld>;
using tddi = tuple<ld, ld, int>; using tddl = tuple<ld, ld, ll>; using tddd = tuple<ld, ld, ld>;
template <typename T> using max_heap = priority_queue<T>;
template <typename T> using min_heap = priority_queue<T, vector<T>, greater<>>;
template <typename T> using oi = ostream_iterator<T>;
template <typename T> using ii = istream_iterator<T>;
/* constants */
constexpr int INF = 0x3f3f3f3f;
constexpr ll INFLL = 0x3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3fLL;
constexpr ll MDL = 1e9 + 7;
constexpr ll PRIME = 998'244'353;
constexpr ll MDL1 = 8784491;
constexpr ll MDL2 = PRIME;
constexpr int128 INT128_MAX = numeric_limits<int128>::max();
constexpr uint128 UINT128_MAX = numeric_limits<uint128>::max();
constexpr int128 INT128_MIN = numeric_limits<int128>::min();
constexpr uint128 UINT128_MIN = numeric_limits<uint128>::min();
/* random */
mt19937_64 rd(chrono::duration_cast<chrono::milliseconds>(chrono::system_clock::now().time_since_epoch()).count());
/* bit-wise operations */
#define lowbit(x) ((x) & -(x))
#define popcount(x) (__builtin_popcountll(ll(x)))
#define parity(x) (__builtin_parityll(ll(x)))
#define msp(x) (63LL - __builtin_clzll(ll(x)))
#define lsp(x) (__builtin_ctzll(ll(x)))
/* arithmetic operations */
#define mod(x, y) ((((x) % (y)) + (y)) % (y))
/* fast pairs */
#define upair ull
#define umake(x, y) (ull(x) << 32 | (ull(y) & ((1ULL << 32) - 1)))
#define u1(p) ((p) >> 32)
#define u2(p) ((p) & ((1ULL << 32) - 1))
#define ult std::less<upair>
#define ugt std::greater<upair>
#define ipair ull
#define imake(x, y) (umake(x, y))
#define i1(p) (int(u1(ll(p))))
#define i2(p) (ll(u2(p) << 32) >> 32)
struct ilt {
bool operator()(const ipair& a, const ipair& b) const {
if (i1(a) == i1(b)) return i2(a) < i2(b);
else return i1(a) < i1(b);
}
};
struct igt {
bool operator()(const ipair& a, const ipair& b) const {
if (i1(a) == i1(b)) return i2(a) > i2(b);
else return i1(a) > i1(b);
}
};
/* conditions */
#define loop while (1)
#define if_or(var, val) if (!(var == val)) var = val; else
#define continue_or(var, val) __AS_PROCEDURE(if (var == val) continue; var = val;)
#define break_or(var, val) __AS_PROCEDURE(if (var == val) break; var = val;)
/* hash */
struct safe_hash {
// https://codeforces.com/blog/entry/62393
static uint64_t splitmix64(uint64_t x) {
// http://xorshift.di.unimi.it/splitmix64.c
x += 0x9e3779b97f4a7c15;
x = (x ^ (x >> 30)) * 0xbf58476d1ce4e5b9;
x = (x ^ (x >> 27)) * 0x94d049bb133111eb;
return x ^ (x >> 31);
}
size_t operator()(uint64_t x) const {
static const uint64_t FIXED_RANDOM = chrono::steady_clock::now().time_since_epoch().count();
return splitmix64(x + FIXED_RANDOM);
}
};
struct pair_hash {
template <typename T, typename U>
size_t operator()(const pair<T, U>& a) const {
auto hash1 = safe_hash()(a.first);
auto hash2 = safe_hash()(a.second);
if (hash1 != hash2) {
return hash1 ^ hash2;
}
return hash1;
}
};
uniform_int_distribution<mt19937::result_type> dist(PRIME);
const size_t __array_hash_b = 31, __array_hash_mdl1 = dist(rd), __array_hash_mdl2 = dist(rd);
struct array_hash {
template <typename Sequence>
size_t operator()(const Sequence& arr) const {
size_t pw1 = 1, pw2 = 1;
size_t res1 = 0, res2 = 0;
for (auto&& x : arr) {
res1 = (res1 + x * pw1) % __array_hash_mdl1;
res2 = (res2 + x * pw2) % __array_hash_mdl2;
pw1 = (pw1 * __array_hash_b) % __array_hash_mdl1;
pw2 = (pw2 * __array_hash_b) % __array_hash_mdl2;
}
return res1 + res2;
}
};
/* build data structures */
#define faster(um) __AS_PROCEDURE((um).reserve(1024); (um).max_load_factor(0.25);)
#define unordered_counter(from, to) __AS_PROCEDURE(unordered_map<__as_typeof(from), size_t, safe_hash> to; for (auto&& x : from) ++to[x];)
#define counter(from, to, cmp) __AS_PROCEDURE(map<__as_typeof(from), size_t, cmp> to; for (auto&& x : from) ++to[x];)
#define pa(a) __AS_PROCEDURE(__typeof(a) pa; pa.push_back({}); for (auto&&x : a) pa.push_back(pa.back() + x);)
#define sa(a) __AS_PROCEDURE(__typeof(a) sa(a.size() + 1); {int n = a.size(); for (int i = n - 1; i >= 0; --i) sa[i] = sa[i + 1] + a[i];};)
#define adj(ch, n) __AS_PROCEDURE(vector<vector<int>> ch((n) + 1);)
#define edge(ch, u, v) __AS_PROCEDURE(ch[u].push_back(v), ch[v].push_back(u);)
#define edgew(ch, u, v, ...) __AS_PROCEDURE(ch[u].emplace_back(v, __VA_ARGS__), ch[v].emplace_back(u, __VA_ARGS__);)
#define Edge(ch, u, v) __AS_PROCEDURE(ch[u].push_back(v);)
#define Edgew(ch, u, v, ...) __AS_PROCEDURE(ch[u].emplace_back(v, __VA_ARGS__);)
template <typename T, typename Iterator> pair<size_t, map<T, size_t>> discretize(Iterator __first, Iterator __last) {
set<T> st(__first, __last);
size_t N = 0;
map<T, size_t> mp;
for (auto&& x : st) mp[x] = ++N;
return {N, mp};
}
template <typename T, typename Iterator> pair<size_t, unordered_map<T, size_t, safe_hash>> unordered_discretize(Iterator __first, Iterator __last) {
set<T> st(__first, __last);
size_t N = 0;
unordered_map<T, size_t, safe_hash> mp;
for (auto&& x : st) mp[x] = ++N;
return {N, mp};
}
/* io */
#define untie __AS_PROCEDURE(ios_base::sync_with_stdio(0), cin.tie(NULL))
template<typename T, typename U> istream& operator>>(istream& in, pair<T, U>& p) {
return in >> p.first >> p.second;
}
template<typename T, typename U> ostream& operator<<(ostream& out, const pair<T, U>& p) {
out << "{" << p.first << ", " << p.second << "}";
return out;
}
template<typename Char, typename Traits, typename Tuple, std::size_t... Index>
void print_tuple_impl(std::basic_ostream<Char, Traits>& os, const Tuple& t, std::index_sequence<Index...>) {
using swallow = int[]; // guaranties left to right order
(void)swallow { 0, (void(os << (Index == 0 ? "" : ", ") << std::get<Index>(t)), 0)... };
}
template<typename Char, typename Traits, typename... Args>
decltype(auto) operator<<(std::basic_ostream<Char, Traits>& os, const std::tuple<Args...>& t) {
os << "{";
print_tuple_impl(os, t, std::index_sequence_for<Args...>{});
return os << "}";
}
template<typename T> ostream& operator<<(ostream& out, const vector<T>& vec) {
for (auto&& i : vec) out << i << ' ';
return out;
}
std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& dest, const int128& value) {
// https://stackoverflow.com/a/25115163/23881100
std::ostream::sentry s( dest );
if ( s ) {
uint128 tmp = value < 0 ? -value : value;
char buffer[ 128 ];
char* d = std::end( buffer );
do {
-- d;
*d = "0123456789"[ tmp % 10 ];
tmp /= 10;
} while ( tmp != 0 );
if ( value < 0 ) {
-- d;
*d = '-';
}
int len = std::end( buffer ) - d;
if ( dest.rdbuf()->sputn( d, len ) != len ) {
dest.setstate( std::ios_base::badbit );
}
}
return dest;
}
template<typename T> void __read(T& x) { cin >> x; }
template<typename T, typename... U> void __read(T& x, U&... args) { cin >> x; __read(args...); }
#define read(type, ...) __AS_PROCEDURE(type __VA_ARGS__; __read(__VA_ARGS__);)
#define readvec(type, a, n) __AS_PROCEDURE(vector<type> a(n); for (auto& x : a) cin >> x;)
#define readvec1(type, a, n) __AS_PROCEDURE(vector<type> a((n) + 1); copy_n(ii<type>(cin), (n), a.begin() + 1);)
#define putvec(a) __AS_PROCEDURE(copy(a.begin(), a.end(), oi<__as_typeof(a)::value_type>(cout, " ")); cout << endl;)
#define putvec1(a) __AS_PROCEDURE(copy(a.begin() + 1, a.end(), oi<__as_typeof(a)::value_type>(cout, " ")); cout << endl;)
#define putvec_eol(a) __AS_PROCEDURE(copy(a.begin(), a.end(), oi<__as_typeof(a)::value_type>(cout, "\n"));)
#define putvec1_eol(a) __AS_PROCEDURE(copy(a.begin() + 1, a.end(), oi<__as_typeof(a)::value_type>(cout, "\n"));)
#define debug(x) __AS_PROCEDURE(cerr << #x" = " << (x) << endl;)
#define debugvec(a) __AS_PROCEDURE(cerr << #a" = "; for (auto&& x : a) cerr << x << ' '; cerr << endl;)
#define deb(...) debug(make_tuple(__VA_ARGS__))
/* pops */
#define poptop(q, ...) __AS_PROCEDURE(auto [__VA_ARGS__] = q.top(); q.pop();)
#define popback(q, ...) __AS_PROCEDURE(auto [__VA_ARGS__] = q.back(); q.pop_back();)
#define popfront(q, ...) __AS_PROCEDURE(auto [__VA_ARGS__] = q.front();q.pop_front();)
/* math */
template <typename return_t>
return_t qpow(ll b, ll p) {
if (b == 0 and p != 0) return 0;
if (p == 0) return 1;
return_t half = qpow<return_t>(b, p / 2);
if (p % 2 == 1) return half * half * b;
else return half * half;
}
#define comb(n, k) ((n) < 0 or (k) < 0 or (n) < (k) ? 0 : fact[n] / fact[k] / fact[(n) - (k)])
#define fastcomb(n, k) ((n) < 0 or (k) < 0 or (n) < (k) ? 0 : fact[n] * factrev[k] * factrev[(n) - (k)])
constexpr inline int lg2(ll x) { return x == 0 ? -1 : sizeof(ll) * 8 - 1 - __builtin_clzll(x); }
void __exgcd(ll a, ll b, ll& x, ll& y) {
if (b == 0) {
x = 1, y = 0;
return;
}
__exgcd(b, a % b, y, x);
y -= a / b * x;
}
ll inverse(ll a, ll b) {
ll x, y;
__exgcd(a, b, x, y);
return mod(x, b);
}
vector<tuple<int, int, ll>> decompose(ll x) {
// return (factor, count, factor ** count)
vector<tuple<int, int, ll>> res;
for (int i = 2; i * i <= x; i++) {
if (x % i == 0) {
int cnt = 0;
ll pw = 1;
while (x % i == 0) ++cnt, x /= i, pw *= i;
res.emplace_back(i, cnt, pw);
}
}
if (x != 1) {
res.emplace_back(x, 1, x);
}
return res;
}
vector<pii> decompose_prime(int N) {
// return (factor, count)
vector<pii> result;
for (int i = 2; i * i <= N; i++) {
if (N % i == 0) {
int cnt = 0;
while (N % i == 0) N /= i, ++cnt;
result.emplace_back(i, cnt);
}
}
if (N != 1) {
result.emplace_back(N, 1);
}
return result;
}
/* string algorithms */
vector<int> calc_next(string t) { // pi function of t
int n = (int)t.length();
vector<int> pi(n);
for (int i = 1; i < n; i++) {
int j = pi[i - 1];
while (j > 0 && t[i] != t[j]) j = pi[j - 1];
if (t[i] == t[j]) j++;
pi[i] = j;
}
return pi;
}
vector<int> calc_z(string t) { // z function of t
int m = t.length();
vector<int> z;
z.push_back(m);
pair<int, int> prev = {1, -1};
for (int i = 1; i < m; ++i) {
if (z[i - prev.first] + i <= prev.second) {
z.push_back(z[i - prev.first]);
} else {
int j = max(i, prev.second + 1);
while (j < m && t[j] == t[j - i]) ++j;
z.push_back(j - i);
prev = {i, j - 1};
}
}
return z;
}
vector<int> kmp(string s, string t) { // find all t in s
string cur = t + '#' + s;
int sz1 = s.size(), sz2 = t.size();
vector<int> v;
vector<int> lps = calc_next(cur);
for (int i = sz2 + 1; i <= sz1 + sz2; i++) {
if (lps[i] == sz2) v.push_back(i - 2 * sz2);
}
return v;
}
int period(string s) { // find the length of shortest recurring period
int n = s.length();
auto z = calc_z(s);
for (int i = 1; i <= n / 2; ++i) {
if (n % i == 0 && z[i] == n - i) {
return i;
}
}
return n;
}
/* modular arithmetic */
template <ll mdl> struct MLL {
ll val;
MLL(ll v = 0) : val(mod(v, mdl)) {}
MLL(const MLL<mdl>& other) : val(other.val) {}
friend MLL operator+(const MLL& lhs, const MLL& rhs) { return mod(lhs.val + rhs.val, mdl); }
friend MLL operator-(const MLL& lhs, const MLL& rhs) { return mod(lhs.val - rhs.val, mdl); }
friend MLL operator*(const MLL& lhs, const MLL& rhs) { return mod(lhs.val * rhs.val, mdl); }
friend MLL operator/(const MLL& lhs, const MLL& rhs) { return mod(lhs.val * mod(inverse(rhs.val, mdl), mdl), mdl); }
friend MLL operator%(const MLL& lhs, const MLL& rhs) { return mod(lhs.val - (lhs / rhs).val, mdl); }
friend bool operator==(const MLL& lhs, const MLL& rhs) { return lhs.val == rhs.val; }
friend bool operator!=(const MLL& lhs, const MLL& rhs) { return lhs.val != rhs.val; }
void operator+=(const MLL& rhs) { val = (*this + rhs).val; }
void operator-=(const MLL& rhs) { val = (*this - rhs).val; }
void operator*=(const MLL& rhs) { val = (*this * rhs).val; }
void operator/=(const MLL& rhs) { val = (*this / rhs).val; }
void operator%=(const MLL& rhs) { val = (*this % rhs).val; }
};
template <ll mdl>
ostream& operator<<(ostream& out, const MLL<mdl>& num) {
return out << num.val;
}
template <ll mdl>
istream& operator>>(istream& in, MLL<mdl>& num) {
return in >> num.val;
}
// miscancellous
template <typename T, typename U>
bool chmax(T& lhs, const U& rhs) {
bool ret = lhs < rhs;
if (ret) {
lhs = rhs;
}
return ret;
}
template <typename T, typename U>
bool chmin(T& lhs, const U& rhs) {
bool ret = lhs > rhs;
if (ret) {
lhs = rhs;
}
return ret;
}
#define functor(func) ([&](auto&&... val) \
noexcept(noexcept(func(std::forward<decltype(val)>(val)...))) -> decltype(auto) \
{return func(std::forward<decltype(val)>(val)...);})
#define expr(ret, ...) ([&] (__VA_ARGS__) { return (ret); })
template <typename Func, typename RandomIt> void sort_by_key(RandomIt first, RandomIt last, Func extractor) {
std::sort(first, last, [&] (auto&& a, auto&& b) { return std::less<>()(extractor(a), extractor(b)); });
}
template <typename Func, typename RandomIt, typename Compare> void sort_by_key(RandomIt first, RandomIt last, Func extractor, Compare comp) {
std::sort(first, last, [&] (auto&& a, auto&& b) { return comp(extractor(a), extractor(b)); });
}
template <typename T, typename U, typename Iterator_T, typename Iterator_U>
vector<pair<T, U>> zip(Iterator_T a_first, Iterator_T a_last, Iterator_U b_first, Iterator_U b_last) {
vector<pair<T, U>> res;
auto a_it = a_first;
auto b_it = b_first;
for (; not (a_it == a_last) and not (b_it == b_last); ++a_it, ++b_it) {
res.emplace_back(*a_it, *b_it);
}
return res;
}
template <typename T, typename U, typename Iterator_T, typename Iterator_U>
vector<pair<T, U>> zip_n(Iterator_T a_first, Iterator_U b_first, size_t n) {
vector<pair<T, U>> res;
if (n > 0) {
res.emplace_back(*a_first, *b_first);
for (size_t i = 1; i != n; ++i) {
res.emplace_back(*++a_first, *++b_first);
}
}
return res;
}
template <typename T>
class ArithmeticIterator : bidirectional_iterator_tag {
public:
using difference_type = ptrdiff_t;
using value_type = T;
private:
value_type value;
public:
ArithmeticIterator(const T& value) : value(value) {}
value_type operator*() const { return value; }
ArithmeticIterator<T>& operator++() { ++value; return *this; }
ArithmeticIterator<T>& operator--() { --value; return *this; }
bool operator==(const ArithmeticIterator<T>& rhs) const { return value == rhs.value; }
};
template <typename T> vector<pair<int, T>> enumerate(const vector<T>& container) {
return zip<int, T>(ArithmeticIterator<int>(0), ArithmeticIterator<int>(INT_MAX), container.begin(), container.end());
}
#define initarray(init, N) (__initarray<decay<decltype(init)>::type, (N)>(init))
namespace detail {
template <typename T, std::size_t...Is>
constexpr std::array<T, sizeof...(Is)>
make_array(const T& value, std::index_sequence<Is...>) {
return {{(static_cast<void>(Is), value)...}};
}
}
template <typename T, std::size_t N>
constexpr std::array<T, N> __initarray(const T& value) {
return detail::make_array(value, std::make_index_sequence<N>());
}
/*******************************************************/
#define SINGLE_TEST_CASE
// #define DUMP_TEST_CASE 7219
// #define TOT_TEST_CASE 10000
void dump() {}
void dump_ignore() {}
void prep() {
}
// __attribute__((target("popcnt")))
void solve() {
read(int, n, m, q);
vector<tiii> edges;
for (int i = 0; i < m; ++i) {
read(int, u, v, w);
edges.emplace_back(u, v, w);
}
vector<bool> close(m);
vector<tiii> queries;
for (int i = 0; i < q; ++i) {
read(int, op);
if (op == 1) {
read(int, i);
--i;
queries.emplace_back(1, i, 0);
close[i] = 1;
} else {
read(int, u, v);
queries.emplace_back(2, u, v);
}
}
vector dp(n + 1, vector<ll>(n + 1, INFLL));
for (int i = 0; i < m; ++i) {
if (close[i]) continue;
auto&& [u, v, w] = edges[i];
dp[u][v] = dp[v][u] = w;
}
for (int i = 1; i <= n; ++i) {
dp[i][i] = 0;
}
for (int k = 1; k <= n; k++) {
for (int x = 1; x <= n; x++) {
for (int y = 1; y <= n; y++) {
dp[x][y] = min(dp[x][y], dp[x][k] + dp[k][y]);
}
}
}
reverse(queries.begin(), queries.end());
vector<ll> res;
for (auto&& [op, x, y] : queries) {
if (op == 1) {
auto&& [u, v, w] = edges[x];
for (int i = 1; i <= n; ++i) {
for (int j = 1; j <= n; ++j) {
chmin(dp[i][j], dp[i][u] + w + dp[v][j]);
chmin(dp[i][j], dp[i][v] + w + dp[u][j]);
}
}
} else {
res.emplace_back(dp[x][y]);
}
}
replace(res.begin(), res.end(), INFLL, ll(-1));
reverse(res.begin(), res.end());
putvec_eol(res);
}
int main() {
#if __cplusplus < 201402L or defined(_MSC_VER) and not defined(__clang__)
assert(false && "incompatible compiler variant detected.");
#endif
untie;
prep();
#ifdef SINGLE_TEST_CASE
solve();
#else
read(int, t);
for (int i = 0; i < t; ++i) {
#ifdef DUMP_TEST_CASE
if (t != (TOT_TEST_CASE)) {
solve();
} else if (i + 1 == (DUMP_TEST_CASE)) {
dump();
} else {
dump_ignore();
}
#else
solve();
#endif
}
#endif
}

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// #pragma GCC target("popcnt,lzcnt,abm,bmi,bmi2")
#pragma GCC optimize("Ofast")
/************* This code requires C++17. ***************/
#include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
/* macro helpers */
#define __NARGS(...) std::tuple_size<decltype(std::make_tuple(__VA_ARGS__))>::value
#define __DECOMPOSE_S(a, x) auto x = a;
#define __DECOMPOSE_N(a, ...) auto [__VA_ARGS__] = a;
constexpr void __() {}
#define __AS_PROCEDURE(...) __(); __VA_ARGS__; __()
#define __as_typeof(container) remove_reference<decltype(container)>::type
/* type aliases */
#if LONG_LONG_MAX != INT64_MAX
using ll = int64_t;
using ull = uint64_t;
#else
using ll = long long;
using ull = unsigned long long;
#endif
using int128 = __int128_t;
using uint128 = __uint128_t;
using ld = long double;
using pii = pair<int, int>; using pil = pair<int, ll>; using pid = pair<int, ld>;
using pli = pair<ll, int>; using pll = pair<ll, ll>; using pld = pair<ll, ld>;
using pdi = pair<ld, int>; using pdl = pair<ld, ll>; using pdd = pair<ld, ld>;
using tiii = tuple<int, int, int>; using tiil = tuple<int, int, ll>; using tiid = tuple<int, int, ld>;
using tili = tuple<int, ll, int>; using till = tuple<int, ll, ll>; using tild = tuple<int, ll, ld>;
using tidi = tuple<int, ld, int>; using tidl = tuple<int, ld, ll>; using tidd = tuple<int, ld, ld>;
using tlii = tuple<ll, int, int>; using tlil = tuple<ll, int, ll>; using tlid = tuple<ll, int, ld>;
using tlli = tuple<ll, ll, int>; using tlll = tuple<ll, ll, ll>; using tlld = tuple<ll, ll, ld>;
using tldi = tuple<ll, ld, int>; using tldl = tuple<ll, ld, ll>; using tldd = tuple<ll, ld, ld>;
using tdii = tuple<ld, int, int>; using tdil = tuple<ld, int, ll>; using tdid = tuple<ld, int, ld>;
using tdli = tuple<ld, ll, int>; using tdll = tuple<ld, ll, ll>; using tdld = tuple<ld, ll, ld>;
using tddi = tuple<ld, ld, int>; using tddl = tuple<ld, ld, ll>; using tddd = tuple<ld, ld, ld>;
template <typename T> using max_heap = priority_queue<T>;
template <typename T> using min_heap = priority_queue<T, vector<T>, greater<>>;
template <typename T> using oi = ostream_iterator<T>;
template <typename T> using ii = istream_iterator<T>;
/* constants */
constexpr int INF = 0x3f3f3f3f;
constexpr ll INFLL = 0x3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3fLL;
constexpr ll MDL = 1e9 + 7;
constexpr ll PRIME = 998'244'353;
constexpr ll MDL1 = 8784491;
constexpr ll MDL2 = PRIME;
constexpr int128 INT128_MAX = numeric_limits<int128>::max();
constexpr uint128 UINT128_MAX = numeric_limits<uint128>::max();
constexpr int128 INT128_MIN = numeric_limits<int128>::min();
constexpr uint128 UINT128_MIN = numeric_limits<uint128>::min();
/* random */
mt19937_64 rd(chrono::duration_cast<chrono::milliseconds>(chrono::system_clock::now().time_since_epoch()).count());
/* bit-wise operations */
#define lowbit(x) ((x) & -(x))
#define popcount(x) (__builtin_popcountll(ll(x)))
#define parity(x) (__builtin_parityll(ll(x)))
#define msp(x) (63LL - __builtin_clzll(ll(x)))
#define lsp(x) (__builtin_ctzll(ll(x)))
/* arithmetic operations */
#define mod(x, y) ((((x) % (y)) + (y)) % (y))
/* fast pairs */
#define upair ull
#define umake(x, y) (ull(x) << 32 | (ull(y) & ((1ULL << 32) - 1)))
#define u1(p) ((p) >> 32)
#define u2(p) ((p) & ((1ULL << 32) - 1))
#define ult std::less<upair>
#define ugt std::greater<upair>
#define ipair ull
#define imake(x, y) (umake(x, y))
#define i1(p) (int(u1(ll(p))))
#define i2(p) (ll(u2(p) << 32) >> 32)
struct ilt {
bool operator()(const ipair& a, const ipair& b) const {
if (i1(a) == i1(b)) return i2(a) < i2(b);
else return i1(a) < i1(b);
}
};
struct igt {
bool operator()(const ipair& a, const ipair& b) const {
if (i1(a) == i1(b)) return i2(a) > i2(b);
else return i1(a) > i1(b);
}
};
/* conditions */
#define loop while (1)
#define if_or(var, val) if (!(var == val)) var = val; else
#define continue_or(var, val) __AS_PROCEDURE(if (var == val) continue; var = val;)
#define break_or(var, val) __AS_PROCEDURE(if (var == val) break; var = val;)
/* hash */
struct safe_hash {
// https://codeforces.com/blog/entry/62393
static uint64_t splitmix64(uint64_t x) {
// http://xorshift.di.unimi.it/splitmix64.c
x += 0x9e3779b97f4a7c15;
x = (x ^ (x >> 30)) * 0xbf58476d1ce4e5b9;
x = (x ^ (x >> 27)) * 0x94d049bb133111eb;
return x ^ (x >> 31);
}
size_t operator()(uint64_t x) const {
static const uint64_t FIXED_RANDOM = chrono::steady_clock::now().time_since_epoch().count();
return splitmix64(x + FIXED_RANDOM);
}
};
struct pair_hash {
template <typename T, typename U>
size_t operator()(const pair<T, U>& a) const {
auto hash1 = safe_hash()(a.first);
auto hash2 = safe_hash()(a.second);
if (hash1 != hash2) {
return hash1 ^ hash2;
}
return hash1;
}
};
uniform_int_distribution<mt19937::result_type> dist(PRIME);
const size_t __array_hash_b = 31, __array_hash_mdl1 = dist(rd), __array_hash_mdl2 = dist(rd);
struct array_hash {
template <typename Sequence>
size_t operator()(const Sequence& arr) const {
size_t pw1 = 1, pw2 = 1;
size_t res1 = 0, res2 = 0;
for (auto&& x : arr) {
res1 = (res1 + x * pw1) % __array_hash_mdl1;
res2 = (res2 + x * pw2) % __array_hash_mdl2;
pw1 = (pw1 * __array_hash_b) % __array_hash_mdl1;
pw2 = (pw2 * __array_hash_b) % __array_hash_mdl2;
}
return res1 + res2;
}
};
/* build data structures */
#define faster(um) __AS_PROCEDURE((um).reserve(1024); (um).max_load_factor(0.25);)
#define unordered_counter(from, to) __AS_PROCEDURE(unordered_map<__as_typeof(from), size_t, safe_hash> to; for (auto&& x : from) ++to[x];)
#define counter(from, to, cmp) __AS_PROCEDURE(map<__as_typeof(from), size_t, cmp> to; for (auto&& x : from) ++to[x];)
#define pa(a) __AS_PROCEDURE(__typeof(a) pa; pa.push_back({}); for (auto&&x : a) pa.push_back(pa.back() + x);)
#define sa(a) __AS_PROCEDURE(__typeof(a) sa(a.size() + 1); {int n = a.size(); for (int i = n - 1; i >= 0; --i) sa[i] = sa[i + 1] + a[i];};)
#define adj(ch, n) __AS_PROCEDURE(vector<vector<int>> ch((n) + 1);)
#define edge(ch, u, v) __AS_PROCEDURE(ch[u].push_back(v), ch[v].push_back(u);)
#define edgew(ch, u, v, ...) __AS_PROCEDURE(ch[u].emplace_back(v, __VA_ARGS__), ch[v].emplace_back(u, __VA_ARGS__);)
#define Edge(ch, u, v) __AS_PROCEDURE(ch[u].push_back(v);)
#define Edgew(ch, u, v, ...) __AS_PROCEDURE(ch[u].emplace_back(v, __VA_ARGS__);)
template <typename T, typename Iterator> pair<size_t, map<T, size_t>> discretize(Iterator __first, Iterator __last) {
set<T> st(__first, __last);
size_t N = 0;
map<T, size_t> mp;
for (auto&& x : st) mp[x] = ++N;
return {N, mp};
}
template <typename T, typename Iterator> pair<size_t, unordered_map<T, size_t, safe_hash>> unordered_discretize(Iterator __first, Iterator __last) {
set<T> st(__first, __last);
size_t N = 0;
unordered_map<T, size_t, safe_hash> mp;
for (auto&& x : st) mp[x] = ++N;
return {N, mp};
}
/* io */
#define untie __AS_PROCEDURE(ios_base::sync_with_stdio(0), cin.tie(NULL))
template<typename T, typename U> istream& operator>>(istream& in, pair<T, U>& p) {
return in >> p.first >> p.second;
}
template<typename T, typename U> ostream& operator<<(ostream& out, const pair<T, U>& p) {
out << "{" << p.first << ", " << p.second << "}";
return out;
}
template<typename Char, typename Traits, typename Tuple, std::size_t... Index>
void print_tuple_impl(std::basic_ostream<Char, Traits>& os, const Tuple& t, std::index_sequence<Index...>) {
using swallow = int[]; // guaranties left to right order
(void)swallow { 0, (void(os << (Index == 0 ? "" : ", ") << std::get<Index>(t)), 0)... };
}
template<typename Char, typename Traits, typename... Args>
decltype(auto) operator<<(std::basic_ostream<Char, Traits>& os, const std::tuple<Args...>& t) {
os << "{";
print_tuple_impl(os, t, std::index_sequence_for<Args...>{});
return os << "}";
}
template<typename T> ostream& operator<<(ostream& out, const vector<T>& vec) {
for (auto&& i : vec) out << i << ' ';
return out;
}
std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& dest, const int128& value) {
// https://stackoverflow.com/a/25115163/23881100
std::ostream::sentry s( dest );
if ( s ) {
uint128 tmp = value < 0 ? -value : value;
char buffer[ 128 ];
char* d = std::end( buffer );
do {
-- d;
*d = "0123456789"[ tmp % 10 ];
tmp /= 10;
} while ( tmp != 0 );
if ( value < 0 ) {
-- d;
*d = '-';
}
int len = std::end( buffer ) - d;
if ( dest.rdbuf()->sputn( d, len ) != len ) {
dest.setstate( std::ios_base::badbit );
}
}
return dest;
}
template<typename T> void __read(T& x) { cin >> x; }
template<typename T, typename... U> void __read(T& x, U&... args) { cin >> x; __read(args...); }
#define read(type, ...) __AS_PROCEDURE(type __VA_ARGS__; __read(__VA_ARGS__);)
#define readvec(type, a, n) __AS_PROCEDURE(vector<type> a(n); for (auto& x : a) cin >> x;)
#define readvec1(type, a, n) __AS_PROCEDURE(vector<type> a((n) + 1); copy_n(ii<type>(cin), (n), a.begin() + 1);)
#define putvec(a) __AS_PROCEDURE(copy(a.begin(), a.end(), oi<__as_typeof(a)::value_type>(cout, " ")); cout << endl;)
#define putvec1(a) __AS_PROCEDURE(copy(a.begin() + 1, a.end(), oi<__as_typeof(a)::value_type>(cout, " ")); cout << endl;)
#define putvec_eol(a) __AS_PROCEDURE(copy(a.begin(), a.end(), oi<__as_typeof(a)::value_type>(cout, "\n"));)
#define putvec1_eol(a) __AS_PROCEDURE(copy(a.begin() + 1, a.end(), oi<__as_typeof(a)::value_type>(cout, "\n"));)
#define debug(x) __AS_PROCEDURE(cerr << #x" = " << (x) << endl;)
#define debugvec(a) __AS_PROCEDURE(cerr << #a" = "; for (auto&& x : a) cerr << x << ' '; cerr << endl;)
#define deb(...) debug(make_tuple(__VA_ARGS__))
/* pops */
#define poptop(q, ...) __AS_PROCEDURE(auto [__VA_ARGS__] = q.top(); q.pop();)
#define popback(q, ...) __AS_PROCEDURE(auto [__VA_ARGS__] = q.back(); q.pop_back();)
#define popfront(q, ...) __AS_PROCEDURE(auto [__VA_ARGS__] = q.front();q.pop_front();)
/* math */
template <typename return_t>
return_t qpow(ll b, ll p) {
if (b == 0 and p != 0) return 0;
if (p == 0) return 1;
return_t half = qpow<return_t>(b, p / 2);
if (p % 2 == 1) return half * half * b;
else return half * half;
}
#define comb(n, k) ((n) < 0 or (k) < 0 or (n) < (k) ? 0 : fact[n] / fact[k] / fact[(n) - (k)])
#define fastcomb(n, k) ((n) < 0 or (k) < 0 or (n) < (k) ? 0 : fact[n] * factrev[k] * factrev[(n) - (k)])
constexpr inline int lg2(ll x) { return x == 0 ? -1 : sizeof(ll) * 8 - 1 - __builtin_clzll(x); }
void __exgcd(ll a, ll b, ll& x, ll& y) {
if (b == 0) {
x = 1, y = 0;
return;
}
__exgcd(b, a % b, y, x);
y -= a / b * x;
}
ll inverse(ll a, ll b) {
ll x, y;
__exgcd(a, b, x, y);
return mod(x, b);
}
vector<tuple<int, int, ll>> decompose(ll x) {
// return (factor, count, factor ** count)
vector<tuple<int, int, ll>> res;
for (int i = 2; i * i <= x; i++) {
if (x % i == 0) {
int cnt = 0;
ll pw = 1;
while (x % i == 0) ++cnt, x /= i, pw *= i;
res.emplace_back(i, cnt, pw);
}
}
if (x != 1) {
res.emplace_back(x, 1, x);
}
return res;
}
vector<pii> decompose_prime(int N) {
// return (factor, count)
vector<pii> result;
for (int i = 2; i * i <= N; i++) {
if (N % i == 0) {
int cnt = 0;
while (N % i == 0) N /= i, ++cnt;
result.emplace_back(i, cnt);
}
}
if (N != 1) {
result.emplace_back(N, 1);
}
return result;
}
/* string algorithms */
vector<int> calc_next(string t) { // pi function of t
int n = (int)t.length();
vector<int> pi(n);
for (int i = 1; i < n; i++) {
int j = pi[i - 1];
while (j > 0 && t[i] != t[j]) j = pi[j - 1];
if (t[i] == t[j]) j++;
pi[i] = j;
}
return pi;
}
vector<int> calc_z(string t) { // z function of t
int m = t.length();
vector<int> z;
z.push_back(m);
pair<int, int> prev = {1, -1};
for (int i = 1; i < m; ++i) {
if (z[i - prev.first] + i <= prev.second) {
z.push_back(z[i - prev.first]);
} else {
int j = max(i, prev.second + 1);
while (j < m && t[j] == t[j - i]) ++j;
z.push_back(j - i);
prev = {i, j - 1};
}
}
return z;
}
vector<int> kmp(string s, string t) { // find all t in s
string cur = t + '#' + s;
int sz1 = s.size(), sz2 = t.size();
vector<int> v;
vector<int> lps = calc_next(cur);
for (int i = sz2 + 1; i <= sz1 + sz2; i++) {
if (lps[i] == sz2) v.push_back(i - 2 * sz2);
}
return v;
}
int period(string s) { // find the length of shortest recurring period
int n = s.length();
auto z = calc_z(s);
for (int i = 1; i <= n / 2; ++i) {
if (n % i == 0 && z[i] == n - i) {
return i;
}
}
return n;
}
/* modular arithmetic */
template <ll mdl> struct MLL {
ll val;
MLL(ll v = 0) : val(mod(v, mdl)) {}
MLL(const MLL<mdl>& other) : val(other.val) {}
friend MLL operator+(const MLL& lhs, const MLL& rhs) { return mod(lhs.val + rhs.val, mdl); }
friend MLL operator-(const MLL& lhs, const MLL& rhs) { return mod(lhs.val - rhs.val, mdl); }
friend MLL operator*(const MLL& lhs, const MLL& rhs) { return mod(lhs.val * rhs.val, mdl); }
friend MLL operator/(const MLL& lhs, const MLL& rhs) { return mod(lhs.val * mod(inverse(rhs.val, mdl), mdl), mdl); }
friend MLL operator%(const MLL& lhs, const MLL& rhs) { return mod(lhs.val - (lhs / rhs).val, mdl); }
friend bool operator==(const MLL& lhs, const MLL& rhs) { return lhs.val == rhs.val; }
friend bool operator!=(const MLL& lhs, const MLL& rhs) { return lhs.val != rhs.val; }
void operator+=(const MLL& rhs) { val = (*this + rhs).val; }
void operator-=(const MLL& rhs) { val = (*this - rhs).val; }
void operator*=(const MLL& rhs) { val = (*this * rhs).val; }
void operator/=(const MLL& rhs) { val = (*this / rhs).val; }
void operator%=(const MLL& rhs) { val = (*this % rhs).val; }
};
template <ll mdl>
ostream& operator<<(ostream& out, const MLL<mdl>& num) {
return out << num.val;
}
template <ll mdl>
istream& operator>>(istream& in, MLL<mdl>& num) {
return in >> num.val;
}
// miscancellous
template <typename T, typename U>
bool chmax(T& lhs, const U& rhs) {
bool ret = lhs < rhs;
if (ret) {
lhs = rhs;
}
return ret;
}
template <typename T, typename U>
bool chmin(T& lhs, const U& rhs) {
bool ret = lhs > rhs;
if (ret) {
lhs = rhs;
}
return ret;
}
#define functor(func) ([&](auto&&... val) \
noexcept(noexcept(func(std::forward<decltype(val)>(val)...))) -> decltype(auto) \
{return func(std::forward<decltype(val)>(val)...);})
#define expr(ret, ...) ([&] (__VA_ARGS__) { return (ret); })
template <typename Func, typename RandomIt> void sort_by_key(RandomIt first, RandomIt last, Func extractor) {
std::sort(first, last, [&] (auto&& a, auto&& b) { return std::less<>()(extractor(a), extractor(b)); });
}
template <typename Func, typename RandomIt, typename Compare> void sort_by_key(RandomIt first, RandomIt last, Func extractor, Compare comp) {
std::sort(first, last, [&] (auto&& a, auto&& b) { return comp(extractor(a), extractor(b)); });
}
template <typename T, typename U, typename Iterator_T, typename Iterator_U>
vector<pair<T, U>> zip(Iterator_T a_first, Iterator_T a_last, Iterator_U b_first, Iterator_U b_last) {
vector<pair<T, U>> res;
auto a_it = a_first;
auto b_it = b_first;
for (; not (a_it == a_last) and not (b_it == b_last); ++a_it, ++b_it) {
res.emplace_back(*a_it, *b_it);
}
return res;
}
template <typename T, typename U, typename Iterator_T, typename Iterator_U>
vector<pair<T, U>> zip_n(Iterator_T a_first, Iterator_U b_first, size_t n) {
vector<pair<T, U>> res;
if (n > 0) {
res.emplace_back(*a_first, *b_first);
for (size_t i = 1; i != n; ++i) {
res.emplace_back(*++a_first, *++b_first);
}
}
return res;
}
template <typename T>
class ArithmeticIterator : bidirectional_iterator_tag {
public:
using difference_type = ptrdiff_t;
using value_type = T;
private:
value_type value;
public:
ArithmeticIterator(const T& value) : value(value) {}
value_type operator*() const { return value; }
ArithmeticIterator<T>& operator++() { ++value; return *this; }
ArithmeticIterator<T>& operator--() { --value; return *this; }
bool operator==(const ArithmeticIterator<T>& rhs) const { return value == rhs.value; }
};
template <typename T> vector<pair<int, T>> enumerate(const vector<T>& container) {
return zip<int, T>(ArithmeticIterator<int>(0), ArithmeticIterator<int>(INT_MAX), container.begin(), container.end());
}
#define initarray(init, N) (__initarray<decay<decltype(init)>::type, (N)>(init))
namespace detail {
template <typename T, std::size_t...Is>
constexpr std::array<T, sizeof...(Is)>
make_array(const T& value, std::index_sequence<Is...>) {
return {{(static_cast<void>(Is), value)...}};
}
}
template <typename T, std::size_t N>
constexpr std::array<T, N> __initarray(const T& value) {
return detail::make_array(value, std::make_index_sequence<N>());
}
/*******************************************************/
#define SINGLE_TEST_CASE
// #define DUMP_TEST_CASE 7219
// #define TOT_TEST_CASE 10000
void dump() {}
void dump_ignore() {}
void prep() {
}
// __attribute__((target("popcnt")))
void solve() {
read(int, n, m);
vector<tiii> edges;
vector<vector<tiii>> e(n + 1);
for (int i = 0; i < m; ++i) {
read(int, u, v, w);
edges.emplace_back(u, v, w);
edgew(e, u, v, w, i);
}
vector<ll> dis(n + 1, INFLL);
vector<vector<pii>> prev(n + 1);
{
vector<bool> vis(n + 1);
dis[1] = 0;
min_heap<pli> pq;
pq.emplace(0, 1);
while (pq.size()) {
auto [d, v] = pq.top(); pq.pop();
continue_or(vis[v], 1);
for (auto&& [u, w, i] : e[v]) {
if (d + w < dis[u]) {
dis[u] = d + w;
prev[u] = {{ v, i }};
pq.emplace(dis[u], u);
} else if (d + w == dis[u]) {
prev[u].emplace_back(v, i);
pq.emplace(dis[u], u);
}
}
}
}
vector<vector<pii>> ch(n + 1);
vector<bool> vis(m);
{
auto dfs = [&] (auto dfs, int v) -> void {
for (auto&& [u, i] : prev[v]) {
continue_or(vis[i], 1);
edgew(ch, u, v, i);
dfs(dfs, u);
}
};
dfs(dfs, n);
}
vector<bool> isbridge(m);
{
vector<int> low(n + 1), dfn(n + 1), father(n + 1);
int dfs_clock = 0;
int cnt_bridge = 0;
auto dfs = [&] (auto dfs, int u, int fa) -> void {
father[u] = fa;
low[u] = dfn[u] = ++dfs_clock;
for (auto&& [v, i] : ch[u]) {
if (!dfn[v]) {
dfs(dfs, v, u);
low[u] = min(low[u], low[v]);
if (low[v] > dfn[u]) {
isbridge[i] = true;
++cnt_bridge;
}
} else if (dfn[v] < dfn[u] && v != fa) {
low[u] = min(low[u], dfn[v]);
}
}
};
for (int i = 1; i <= n; ++i) {
if (not dfn[i]) dfs(dfs, i, 0);
}
}
for (int i = 0; i < m; ++i) {
if (isbridge[i]) {
cout << "Yes\n";
} else {
cout << "No\n";
}
}
}
int main() {
#if __cplusplus < 201402L or defined(_MSC_VER) and not defined(__clang__)
assert(false && "incompatible compiler variant detected.");
#endif
untie;
prep();
#ifdef SINGLE_TEST_CASE
solve();
#else
read(int, t);
for (int i = 0; i < t; ++i) {
#ifdef DUMP_TEST_CASE
if (t != (TOT_TEST_CASE)) {
solve();
} else if (i + 1 == (DUMP_TEST_CASE)) {
dump();
} else {
dump_ignore();
}
#else
solve();
#endif
}
#endif
}

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// #pragma GCC target("popcnt,lzcnt,abm,bmi,bmi2")
#pragma GCC optimize("Ofast")
/************* This code requires C++17. ***************/
#include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
/* macro helpers */
#define __NARGS(...) std::tuple_size<decltype(std::make_tuple(__VA_ARGS__))>::value
#define __DECOMPOSE_S(a, x) auto x = a;
#define __DECOMPOSE_N(a, ...) auto [__VA_ARGS__] = a;
constexpr void __() {}
#define __AS_PROCEDURE(...) __(); __VA_ARGS__; __()
#define __as_typeof(container) remove_reference<decltype(container)>::type
/* type aliases */
#if LONG_LONG_MAX != INT64_MAX
using ll = int64_t;
using ull = uint64_t;
#else
using ll = long long;
using ull = unsigned long long;
#endif
using int128 = __int128_t;
using uint128 = __uint128_t;
using ld = long double;
using pii = pair<int, int>; using pil = pair<int, ll>; using pid = pair<int, ld>;
using pli = pair<ll, int>; using pll = pair<ll, ll>; using pld = pair<ll, ld>;
using pdi = pair<ld, int>; using pdl = pair<ld, ll>; using pdd = pair<ld, ld>;
using tiii = tuple<int, int, int>; using tiil = tuple<int, int, ll>; using tiid = tuple<int, int, ld>;
using tili = tuple<int, ll, int>; using till = tuple<int, ll, ll>; using tild = tuple<int, ll, ld>;
using tidi = tuple<int, ld, int>; using tidl = tuple<int, ld, ll>; using tidd = tuple<int, ld, ld>;
using tlii = tuple<ll, int, int>; using tlil = tuple<ll, int, ll>; using tlid = tuple<ll, int, ld>;
using tlli = tuple<ll, ll, int>; using tlll = tuple<ll, ll, ll>; using tlld = tuple<ll, ll, ld>;
using tldi = tuple<ll, ld, int>; using tldl = tuple<ll, ld, ll>; using tldd = tuple<ll, ld, ld>;
using tdii = tuple<ld, int, int>; using tdil = tuple<ld, int, ll>; using tdid = tuple<ld, int, ld>;
using tdli = tuple<ld, ll, int>; using tdll = tuple<ld, ll, ll>; using tdld = tuple<ld, ll, ld>;
using tddi = tuple<ld, ld, int>; using tddl = tuple<ld, ld, ll>; using tddd = tuple<ld, ld, ld>;
template <typename T> using max_heap = priority_queue<T>;
template <typename T> using min_heap = priority_queue<T, vector<T>, greater<>>;
template <typename T> using oi = ostream_iterator<T>;
template <typename T> using ii = istream_iterator<T>;
/* constants */
constexpr int INF = 0x3f3f3f3f;
constexpr ll INFLL = 0x3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3fLL;
constexpr ll MDL = 1e9 + 7;
constexpr ll PRIME = 998'244'353;
constexpr ll MDL1 = 8784491;
constexpr ll MDL2 = PRIME;
constexpr int128 INT128_MAX = numeric_limits<int128>::max();
constexpr uint128 UINT128_MAX = numeric_limits<uint128>::max();
constexpr int128 INT128_MIN = numeric_limits<int128>::min();
constexpr uint128 UINT128_MIN = numeric_limits<uint128>::min();
/* random */
mt19937_64 rd(chrono::duration_cast<chrono::milliseconds>(chrono::system_clock::now().time_since_epoch()).count());
/* bit-wise operations */
#define lowbit(x) ((x) & -(x))
#define popcount(x) (__builtin_popcountll(ll(x)))
#define parity(x) (__builtin_parityll(ll(x)))
#define msp(x) (63LL - __builtin_clzll(ll(x)))
#define lsp(x) (__builtin_ctzll(ll(x)))
/* arithmetic operations */
#define mod(x, y) ((((x) % (y)) + (y)) % (y))
/* fast pairs */
#define upair ull
#define umake(x, y) (ull(x) << 32 | (ull(y) & ((1ULL << 32) - 1)))
#define u1(p) ((p) >> 32)
#define u2(p) ((p) & ((1ULL << 32) - 1))
#define ult std::less<upair>
#define ugt std::greater<upair>
#define ipair ull
#define imake(x, y) (umake(x, y))
#define i1(p) (int(u1(ll(p))))
#define i2(p) (ll(u2(p) << 32) >> 32)
struct ilt {
bool operator()(const ipair& a, const ipair& b) const {
if (i1(a) == i1(b)) return i2(a) < i2(b);
else return i1(a) < i1(b);
}
};
struct igt {
bool operator()(const ipair& a, const ipair& b) const {
if (i1(a) == i1(b)) return i2(a) > i2(b);
else return i1(a) > i1(b);
}
};
/* conditions */
#define loop while (1)
#define if_or(var, val) if (!(var == val)) var = val; else
#define continue_or(var, val) __AS_PROCEDURE(if (var == val) continue; var = val;)
#define break_or(var, val) __AS_PROCEDURE(if (var == val) break; var = val;)
/* hash */
struct safe_hash {
// https://codeforces.com/blog/entry/62393
static uint64_t splitmix64(uint64_t x) {
// http://xorshift.di.unimi.it/splitmix64.c
x += 0x9e3779b97f4a7c15;
x = (x ^ (x >> 30)) * 0xbf58476d1ce4e5b9;
x = (x ^ (x >> 27)) * 0x94d049bb133111eb;
return x ^ (x >> 31);
}
size_t operator()(uint64_t x) const {
static const uint64_t FIXED_RANDOM = chrono::steady_clock::now().time_since_epoch().count();
return splitmix64(x + FIXED_RANDOM);
}
};
struct pair_hash {
template <typename T, typename U>
size_t operator()(const pair<T, U>& a) const {
auto hash1 = safe_hash()(a.first);
auto hash2 = safe_hash()(a.second);
if (hash1 != hash2) {
return hash1 ^ hash2;
}
return hash1;
}
};
uniform_int_distribution<mt19937::result_type> dist(PRIME);
const size_t __array_hash_b = 31, __array_hash_mdl1 = dist(rd), __array_hash_mdl2 = dist(rd);
struct array_hash {
template <typename Sequence>
size_t operator()(const Sequence& arr) const {
size_t pw1 = 1, pw2 = 1;
size_t res1 = 0, res2 = 0;
for (auto&& x : arr) {
res1 = (res1 + x * pw1) % __array_hash_mdl1;
res2 = (res2 + x * pw2) % __array_hash_mdl2;
pw1 = (pw1 * __array_hash_b) % __array_hash_mdl1;
pw2 = (pw2 * __array_hash_b) % __array_hash_mdl2;
}
return res1 + res2;
}
};
/* build data structures */
#define faster(um) __AS_PROCEDURE((um).reserve(1024); (um).max_load_factor(0.25);)
#define unordered_counter(from, to) __AS_PROCEDURE(unordered_map<__as_typeof(from), size_t, safe_hash> to; for (auto&& x : from) ++to[x];)
#define counter(from, to, cmp) __AS_PROCEDURE(map<__as_typeof(from), size_t, cmp> to; for (auto&& x : from) ++to[x];)
#define pa(a) __AS_PROCEDURE(__typeof(a) pa; pa.push_back({}); for (auto&&x : a) pa.push_back(pa.back() + x);)
#define sa(a) __AS_PROCEDURE(__typeof(a) sa(a.size() + 1); {int n = a.size(); for (int i = n - 1; i >= 0; --i) sa[i] = sa[i + 1] + a[i];};)
#define adj(ch, n) __AS_PROCEDURE(vector<vector<int>> ch((n) + 1);)
#define edge(ch, u, v) __AS_PROCEDURE(ch[u].push_back(v), ch[v].push_back(u);)
#define edgew(ch, u, v, ...) __AS_PROCEDURE(ch[u].emplace_back(v, __VA_ARGS__), ch[v].emplace_back(u, __VA_ARGS__);)
#define Edge(ch, u, v) __AS_PROCEDURE(ch[u].push_back(v);)
#define Edgew(ch, u, v, ...) __AS_PROCEDURE(ch[u].emplace_back(v, __VA_ARGS__);)
template <typename T, typename Iterator> pair<size_t, map<T, size_t>> discretize(Iterator __first, Iterator __last) {
set<T> st(__first, __last);
size_t N = 0;
map<T, size_t> mp;
for (auto&& x : st) mp[x] = ++N;
return {N, mp};
}
template <typename T, typename Iterator> pair<size_t, unordered_map<T, size_t, safe_hash>> unordered_discretize(Iterator __first, Iterator __last) {
set<T> st(__first, __last);
size_t N = 0;
unordered_map<T, size_t, safe_hash> mp;
for (auto&& x : st) mp[x] = ++N;
return {N, mp};
}
/* io */
#define untie __AS_PROCEDURE(ios_base::sync_with_stdio(0), cin.tie(NULL))
template<typename T, typename U> istream& operator>>(istream& in, pair<T, U>& p) {
return in >> p.first >> p.second;
}
template<typename T, typename U> ostream& operator<<(ostream& out, const pair<T, U>& p) {
out << "{" << p.first << ", " << p.second << "}";
return out;
}
template<typename Char, typename Traits, typename Tuple, std::size_t... Index>
void print_tuple_impl(std::basic_ostream<Char, Traits>& os, const Tuple& t, std::index_sequence<Index...>) {
using swallow = int[]; // guaranties left to right order
(void)swallow { 0, (void(os << (Index == 0 ? "" : ", ") << std::get<Index>(t)), 0)... };
}
template<typename Char, typename Traits, typename... Args>
decltype(auto) operator<<(std::basic_ostream<Char, Traits>& os, const std::tuple<Args...>& t) {
os << "{";
print_tuple_impl(os, t, std::index_sequence_for<Args...>{});
return os << "}";
}
template<typename T> ostream& operator<<(ostream& out, const vector<T>& vec) {
for (auto&& i : vec) out << i << ' ';
return out;
}
std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& dest, const int128& value) {
// https://stackoverflow.com/a/25115163/23881100
std::ostream::sentry s( dest );
if ( s ) {
uint128 tmp = value < 0 ? -value : value;
char buffer[ 128 ];
char* d = std::end( buffer );
do {
-- d;
*d = "0123456789"[ tmp % 10 ];
tmp /= 10;
} while ( tmp != 0 );
if ( value < 0 ) {
-- d;
*d = '-';
}
int len = std::end( buffer ) - d;
if ( dest.rdbuf()->sputn( d, len ) != len ) {
dest.setstate( std::ios_base::badbit );
}
}
return dest;
}
template<typename T> void __read(T& x) { cin >> x; }
template<typename T, typename... U> void __read(T& x, U&... args) { cin >> x; __read(args...); }
#define read(type, ...) __AS_PROCEDURE(type __VA_ARGS__; __read(__VA_ARGS__);)
#define readvec(type, a, n) __AS_PROCEDURE(vector<type> a(n); for (auto& x : a) cin >> x;)
#define readvec1(type, a, n) __AS_PROCEDURE(vector<type> a((n) + 1); copy_n(ii<type>(cin), (n), a.begin() + 1);)
#define putvec(a) __AS_PROCEDURE(copy(a.begin(), a.end(), oi<__as_typeof(a)::value_type>(cout, " ")); cout << endl;)
#define putvec1(a) __AS_PROCEDURE(copy(a.begin() + 1, a.end(), oi<__as_typeof(a)::value_type>(cout, " ")); cout << endl;)
#define putvec_eol(a) __AS_PROCEDURE(copy(a.begin(), a.end(), oi<__as_typeof(a)::value_type>(cout, "\n"));)
#define putvec1_eol(a) __AS_PROCEDURE(copy(a.begin() + 1, a.end(), oi<__as_typeof(a)::value_type>(cout, "\n"));)
#define debug(x) __AS_PROCEDURE(cerr << #x" = " << (x) << endl;)
#define debugvec(a) __AS_PROCEDURE(cerr << #a" = "; for (auto&& x : a) cerr << x << ' '; cerr << endl;)
#define deb(...) debug(make_tuple(__VA_ARGS__))
/* pops */
#define poptop(q, ...) __AS_PROCEDURE(auto [__VA_ARGS__] = q.top(); q.pop();)
#define popback(q, ...) __AS_PROCEDURE(auto [__VA_ARGS__] = q.back(); q.pop_back();)
#define popfront(q, ...) __AS_PROCEDURE(auto [__VA_ARGS__] = q.front();q.pop_front();)
/* math */
template <typename return_t>
return_t qpow(ll b, ll p) {
if (b == 0 and p != 0) return 0;
if (p == 0) return 1;
return_t half = qpow<return_t>(b, p / 2);
if (p % 2 == 1) return half * half * b;
else return half * half;
}
#define comb(n, k) ((n) < 0 or (k) < 0 or (n) < (k) ? 0 : fact[n] / fact[k] / fact[(n) - (k)])
#define fastcomb(n, k) ((n) < 0 or (k) < 0 or (n) < (k) ? 0 : fact[n] * factrev[k] * factrev[(n) - (k)])
constexpr inline int lg2(ll x) { return x == 0 ? -1 : sizeof(ll) * 8 - 1 - __builtin_clzll(x); }
void __exgcd(ll a, ll b, ll& x, ll& y) {
if (b == 0) {
x = 1, y = 0;
return;
}
__exgcd(b, a % b, y, x);
y -= a / b * x;
}
ll inverse(ll a, ll b) {
ll x, y;
__exgcd(a, b, x, y);
return mod(x, b);
}
vector<tuple<int, int, ll>> decompose(ll x) {
// return (factor, count, factor ** count)
vector<tuple<int, int, ll>> res;
for (int i = 2; i * i <= x; i++) {
if (x % i == 0) {
int cnt = 0;
ll pw = 1;
while (x % i == 0) ++cnt, x /= i, pw *= i;
res.emplace_back(i, cnt, pw);
}
}
if (x != 1) {
res.emplace_back(x, 1, x);
}
return res;
}
vector<pii> decompose_prime(int N) {
// return (factor, count)
vector<pii> result;
for (int i = 2; i * i <= N; i++) {
if (N % i == 0) {
int cnt = 0;
while (N % i == 0) N /= i, ++cnt;
result.emplace_back(i, cnt);
}
}
if (N != 1) {
result.emplace_back(N, 1);
}
return result;
}
/* string algorithms */
vector<int> calc_next(string t) { // pi function of t
int n = (int)t.length();
vector<int> pi(n);
for (int i = 1; i < n; i++) {
int j = pi[i - 1];
while (j > 0 && t[i] != t[j]) j = pi[j - 1];
if (t[i] == t[j]) j++;
pi[i] = j;
}
return pi;
}
vector<int> calc_z(string t) { // z function of t
int m = t.length();
vector<int> z;
z.push_back(m);
pair<int, int> prev = {1, -1};
for (int i = 1; i < m; ++i) {
if (z[i - prev.first] + i <= prev.second) {
z.push_back(z[i - prev.first]);
} else {
int j = max(i, prev.second + 1);
while (j < m && t[j] == t[j - i]) ++j;
z.push_back(j - i);
prev = {i, j - 1};
}
}
return z;
}
vector<int> kmp(string s, string t) { // find all t in s
string cur = t + '#' + s;
int sz1 = s.size(), sz2 = t.size();
vector<int> v;
vector<int> lps = calc_next(cur);
for (int i = sz2 + 1; i <= sz1 + sz2; i++) {
if (lps[i] == sz2) v.push_back(i - 2 * sz2);
}
return v;
}
int period(string s) { // find the length of shortest recurring period
int n = s.length();
auto z = calc_z(s);
for (int i = 1; i <= n / 2; ++i) {
if (n % i == 0 && z[i] == n - i) {
return i;
}
}
return n;
}
/* modular arithmetic */
template <ll mdl> struct MLL {
ll val;
MLL(ll v = 0) : val(mod(v, mdl)) {}
MLL(const MLL<mdl>& other) : val(other.val) {}
friend MLL operator+(const MLL& lhs, const MLL& rhs) { return mod(lhs.val + rhs.val, mdl); }
friend MLL operator-(const MLL& lhs, const MLL& rhs) { return mod(lhs.val - rhs.val, mdl); }
friend MLL operator*(const MLL& lhs, const MLL& rhs) { return mod(lhs.val * rhs.val, mdl); }
friend MLL operator/(const MLL& lhs, const MLL& rhs) { return mod(lhs.val * mod(inverse(rhs.val, mdl), mdl), mdl); }
friend MLL operator%(const MLL& lhs, const MLL& rhs) { return mod(lhs.val - (lhs / rhs).val, mdl); }
friend bool operator==(const MLL& lhs, const MLL& rhs) { return lhs.val == rhs.val; }
friend bool operator!=(const MLL& lhs, const MLL& rhs) { return lhs.val != rhs.val; }
void operator+=(const MLL& rhs) { val = (*this + rhs).val; }
void operator-=(const MLL& rhs) { val = (*this - rhs).val; }
void operator*=(const MLL& rhs) { val = (*this * rhs).val; }
void operator/=(const MLL& rhs) { val = (*this / rhs).val; }
void operator%=(const MLL& rhs) { val = (*this % rhs).val; }
};
template <ll mdl>
ostream& operator<<(ostream& out, const MLL<mdl>& num) {
return out << num.val;
}
template <ll mdl>
istream& operator>>(istream& in, MLL<mdl>& num) {
return in >> num.val;
}
// miscancellous
template <typename T, typename U>
bool chmax(T& lhs, const U& rhs) {
bool ret = lhs < rhs;
if (ret) {
lhs = rhs;
}
return ret;
}
template <typename T, typename U>
bool chmin(T& lhs, const U& rhs) {
bool ret = lhs > rhs;
if (ret) {
lhs = rhs;
}
return ret;
}
#define functor(func) ([&](auto&&... val) \
noexcept(noexcept(func(std::forward<decltype(val)>(val)...))) -> decltype(auto) \
{return func(std::forward<decltype(val)>(val)...);})
#define expr(ret, ...) ([&] (__VA_ARGS__) { return (ret); })
template <typename Func, typename RandomIt> void sort_by_key(RandomIt first, RandomIt last, Func extractor) {
std::sort(first, last, [&] (auto&& a, auto&& b) { return std::less<>()(extractor(a), extractor(b)); });
}
template <typename Func, typename RandomIt, typename Compare> void sort_by_key(RandomIt first, RandomIt last, Func extractor, Compare comp) {
std::sort(first, last, [&] (auto&& a, auto&& b) { return comp(extractor(a), extractor(b)); });
}
template <typename T, typename U, typename Iterator_T, typename Iterator_U>
vector<pair<T, U>> zip(Iterator_T a_first, Iterator_T a_last, Iterator_U b_first, Iterator_U b_last) {
vector<pair<T, U>> res;
auto a_it = a_first;
auto b_it = b_first;
for (; not (a_it == a_last) and not (b_it == b_last); ++a_it, ++b_it) {
res.emplace_back(*a_it, *b_it);
}
return res;
}
template <typename T, typename U, typename Iterator_T, typename Iterator_U>
vector<pair<T, U>> zip_n(Iterator_T a_first, Iterator_U b_first, size_t n) {
vector<pair<T, U>> res;
if (n > 0) {
res.emplace_back(*a_first, *b_first);
for (size_t i = 1; i != n; ++i) {
res.emplace_back(*++a_first, *++b_first);
}
}
return res;
}
template <typename T>
class ArithmeticIterator : bidirectional_iterator_tag {
public:
using difference_type = ptrdiff_t;
using value_type = T;
private:
value_type value;
public:
ArithmeticIterator(const T& value) : value(value) {}
value_type operator*() const { return value; }
ArithmeticIterator<T>& operator++() { ++value; return *this; }
ArithmeticIterator<T>& operator--() { --value; return *this; }
bool operator==(const ArithmeticIterator<T>& rhs) const { return value == rhs.value; }
};
template <typename T> vector<pair<int, T>> enumerate(const vector<T>& container) {
return zip<int, T>(ArithmeticIterator<int>(0), ArithmeticIterator<int>(INT_MAX), container.begin(), container.end());
}
#define initarray(init, N) (__initarray<decay<decltype(init)>::type, (N)>(init))
namespace detail {
template <typename T, std::size_t...Is>
constexpr std::array<T, sizeof...(Is)>
make_array(const T& value, std::index_sequence<Is...>) {
return {{(static_cast<void>(Is), value)...}};
}
}
template <typename T, std::size_t N>
constexpr std::array<T, N> __initarray(const T& value) {
return detail::make_array(value, std::make_index_sequence<N>());
}
/*******************************************************/
#define SINGLE_TEST_CASE
// #define DUMP_TEST_CASE 7219
// #define TOT_TEST_CASE 10000
void dump() {}
void dump_ignore() {}
void prep() {
}
namespace ns {
inline int128 abs(int128 x) {
return x < 0 ? -x : x;
}
}
// __attribute__((target("popcnt")))
void solve() {
read(int, n);
readvec(ll, a, n);
auto calc = [&] (int128 start) {
int128 b = start;
int128 c = a[0] - b;
int128 sum = ns::abs(b) + ns::abs(c);
for (int i = 1; i < n; ++i) {
b += max<int128>(0, a[i] - a[i - 1]);
c = a[i] - b;
sum += ns::abs(b) + ns::abs(c);
}
return sum;
};
int128 l = -INFLL, r = INFLL;
while (l < r) {
int128 mid = l + (r - l) / 2;
if (calc(mid) <= calc(mid + 1)) {
r = mid;
} else {
l = mid + 1;
}
}
cout << calc(l) << '\n';
}
int main() {
#if __cplusplus < 201402L or defined(_MSC_VER) and not defined(__clang__)
assert(false && "incompatible compiler variant detected.");
#endif
untie;
prep();
#ifdef SINGLE_TEST_CASE
solve();
#else
read(int, t);
for (int i = 0; i < t; ++i) {
#ifdef DUMP_TEST_CASE
if (t != (TOT_TEST_CASE)) {
solve();
} else if (i + 1 == (DUMP_TEST_CASE)) {
dump();
} else {
dump_ignore();
}
#else
solve();
#endif
}
#endif
}

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// #pragma GCC target("popcnt,lzcnt,abm,bmi,bmi2")
#pragma GCC optimize("Ofast")
/************* This code requires C++17. ***************/
#include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
/* macro helpers */
#define __NARGS(...) std::tuple_size<decltype(std::make_tuple(__VA_ARGS__))>::value
#define __DECOMPOSE_S(a, x) auto x = a;
#define __DECOMPOSE_N(a, ...) auto [__VA_ARGS__] = a;
constexpr void __() {}
#define __AS_PROCEDURE(...) __(); __VA_ARGS__; __()
#define __as_typeof(container) remove_reference<decltype(container)>::type
/* type aliases */
#if LONG_LONG_MAX != INT64_MAX
using ll = int64_t;
using ull = uint64_t;
#else
using ll = long long;
using ull = unsigned long long;
#endif
using int128 = __int128_t;
using uint128 = __uint128_t;
using ld = long double;
using pii = pair<int, int>; using pil = pair<int, ll>; using pid = pair<int, ld>;
using pli = pair<ll, int>; using pll = pair<ll, ll>; using pld = pair<ll, ld>;
using pdi = pair<ld, int>; using pdl = pair<ld, ll>; using pdd = pair<ld, ld>;
using tiii = tuple<int, int, int>; using tiil = tuple<int, int, ll>; using tiid = tuple<int, int, ld>;
using tili = tuple<int, ll, int>; using till = tuple<int, ll, ll>; using tild = tuple<int, ll, ld>;
using tidi = tuple<int, ld, int>; using tidl = tuple<int, ld, ll>; using tidd = tuple<int, ld, ld>;
using tlii = tuple<ll, int, int>; using tlil = tuple<ll, int, ll>; using tlid = tuple<ll, int, ld>;
using tlli = tuple<ll, ll, int>; using tlll = tuple<ll, ll, ll>; using tlld = tuple<ll, ll, ld>;
using tldi = tuple<ll, ld, int>; using tldl = tuple<ll, ld, ll>; using tldd = tuple<ll, ld, ld>;
using tdii = tuple<ld, int, int>; using tdil = tuple<ld, int, ll>; using tdid = tuple<ld, int, ld>;
using tdli = tuple<ld, ll, int>; using tdll = tuple<ld, ll, ll>; using tdld = tuple<ld, ll, ld>;
using tddi = tuple<ld, ld, int>; using tddl = tuple<ld, ld, ll>; using tddd = tuple<ld, ld, ld>;
template <typename T> using max_heap = priority_queue<T>;
template <typename T> using min_heap = priority_queue<T, vector<T>, greater<>>;
template <typename T> using oi = ostream_iterator<T>;
template <typename T> using ii = istream_iterator<T>;
/* constants */
constexpr int INF = 0x3f3f3f3f;
constexpr ll INFLL = 0x3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3fLL;
constexpr ll MDL = 1e9 + 7;
constexpr ll PRIME = 998'244'353;
constexpr ll MDL1 = 8784491;
constexpr ll MDL2 = PRIME;
constexpr int128 INT128_MAX = numeric_limits<int128>::max();
constexpr uint128 UINT128_MAX = numeric_limits<uint128>::max();
constexpr int128 INT128_MIN = numeric_limits<int128>::min();
constexpr uint128 UINT128_MIN = numeric_limits<uint128>::min();
/* random */
mt19937_64 rd(chrono::duration_cast<chrono::milliseconds>(chrono::system_clock::now().time_since_epoch()).count());
/* bit-wise operations */
#define lowbit(x) ((x) & -(x))
#define popcount(x) (__builtin_popcountll(ll(x)))
#define parity(x) (__builtin_parityll(ll(x)))
#define msp(x) (63LL - __builtin_clzll(ll(x)))
#define lsp(x) (__builtin_ctzll(ll(x)))
/* arithmetic operations */
#define mod(x, y) ((((x) % (y)) + (y)) % (y))
/* fast pairs */
#define upair ull
#define umake(x, y) (ull(x) << 32 | (ull(y) & ((1ULL << 32) - 1)))
#define u1(p) ((p) >> 32)
#define u2(p) ((p) & ((1ULL << 32) - 1))
#define ult std::less<upair>
#define ugt std::greater<upair>
#define ipair ull
#define imake(x, y) (umake(x, y))
#define i1(p) (int(u1(ll(p))))
#define i2(p) (ll(u2(p) << 32) >> 32)
struct ilt {
bool operator()(const ipair& a, const ipair& b) const {
if (i1(a) == i1(b)) return i2(a) < i2(b);
else return i1(a) < i1(b);
}
};
struct igt {
bool operator()(const ipair& a, const ipair& b) const {
if (i1(a) == i1(b)) return i2(a) > i2(b);
else return i1(a) > i1(b);
}
};
/* conditions */
#define loop while (1)
#define if_or(var, val) if (!(var == val)) var = val; else
#define continue_or(var, val) __AS_PROCEDURE(if (var == val) continue; var = val;)
#define break_or(var, val) __AS_PROCEDURE(if (var == val) break; var = val;)
/* hash */
struct safe_hash {
// https://codeforces.com/blog/entry/62393
static uint64_t splitmix64(uint64_t x) {
// http://xorshift.di.unimi.it/splitmix64.c
x += 0x9e3779b97f4a7c15;
x = (x ^ (x >> 30)) * 0xbf58476d1ce4e5b9;
x = (x ^ (x >> 27)) * 0x94d049bb133111eb;
return x ^ (x >> 31);
}
size_t operator()(uint64_t x) const {
static const uint64_t FIXED_RANDOM = chrono::steady_clock::now().time_since_epoch().count();
return splitmix64(x + FIXED_RANDOM);
}
};
struct pair_hash {
template <typename T, typename U>
size_t operator()(const pair<T, U>& a) const {
auto hash1 = safe_hash()(a.first);
auto hash2 = safe_hash()(a.second);
if (hash1 != hash2) {
return hash1 ^ hash2;
}
return hash1;
}
};
uniform_int_distribution<mt19937::result_type> dist(PRIME);
const size_t __array_hash_b = 31, __array_hash_mdl1 = dist(rd), __array_hash_mdl2 = dist(rd);
struct array_hash {
template <typename Sequence>
size_t operator()(const Sequence& arr) const {
size_t pw1 = 1, pw2 = 1;
size_t res1 = 0, res2 = 0;
for (auto&& x : arr) {
res1 = (res1 + x * pw1) % __array_hash_mdl1;
res2 = (res2 + x * pw2) % __array_hash_mdl2;
pw1 = (pw1 * __array_hash_b) % __array_hash_mdl1;
pw2 = (pw2 * __array_hash_b) % __array_hash_mdl2;
}
return res1 + res2;
}
};
/* build data structures */
#define faster(um) __AS_PROCEDURE((um).reserve(1024); (um).max_load_factor(0.25);)
#define unordered_counter(from, to) __AS_PROCEDURE(unordered_map<__as_typeof(from), size_t, safe_hash> to; for (auto&& x : from) ++to[x];)
#define counter(from, to, cmp) __AS_PROCEDURE(map<__as_typeof(from), size_t, cmp> to; for (auto&& x : from) ++to[x];)
#define pa(a) __AS_PROCEDURE(__typeof(a) pa; pa.push_back({}); for (auto&&x : a) pa.push_back(pa.back() + x);)
#define sa(a) __AS_PROCEDURE(__typeof(a) sa(a.size() + 1); {int n = a.size(); for (int i = n - 1; i >= 0; --i) sa[i] = sa[i + 1] + a[i];};)
#define adj(ch, n) __AS_PROCEDURE(vector<vector<int>> ch((n) + 1);)
#define edge(ch, u, v) __AS_PROCEDURE(ch[u].push_back(v), ch[v].push_back(u);)
#define edgew(ch, u, v, ...) __AS_PROCEDURE(ch[u].emplace_back(v, __VA_ARGS__), ch[v].emplace_back(u, __VA_ARGS__);)
#define Edge(ch, u, v) __AS_PROCEDURE(ch[u].push_back(v);)
#define Edgew(ch, u, v, ...) __AS_PROCEDURE(ch[u].emplace_back(v, __VA_ARGS__);)
template <typename T, typename Iterator> pair<size_t, map<T, size_t>> discretize(Iterator __first, Iterator __last) {
set<T> st(__first, __last);
size_t N = 0;
map<T, size_t> mp;
for (auto&& x : st) mp[x] = ++N;
return {N, mp};
}
template <typename T, typename Iterator> pair<size_t, unordered_map<T, size_t, safe_hash>> unordered_discretize(Iterator __first, Iterator __last) {
set<T> st(__first, __last);
size_t N = 0;
unordered_map<T, size_t, safe_hash> mp;
for (auto&& x : st) mp[x] = ++N;
return {N, mp};
}
/* io */
#define untie __AS_PROCEDURE(ios_base::sync_with_stdio(0), cin.tie(NULL))
template<typename T, typename U> istream& operator>>(istream& in, pair<T, U>& p) {
return in >> p.first >> p.second;
}
template<typename T, typename U> ostream& operator<<(ostream& out, const pair<T, U>& p) {
out << "{" << p.first << ", " << p.second << "}";
return out;
}
template<typename Char, typename Traits, typename Tuple, std::size_t... Index>
void print_tuple_impl(std::basic_ostream<Char, Traits>& os, const Tuple& t, std::index_sequence<Index...>) {
using swallow = int[]; // guaranties left to right order
(void)swallow { 0, (void(os << (Index == 0 ? "" : ", ") << std::get<Index>(t)), 0)... };
}
template<typename Char, typename Traits, typename... Args>
decltype(auto) operator<<(std::basic_ostream<Char, Traits>& os, const std::tuple<Args...>& t) {
os << "{";
print_tuple_impl(os, t, std::index_sequence_for<Args...>{});
return os << "}";
}
template<typename T> ostream& operator<<(ostream& out, const vector<T>& vec) {
for (auto&& i : vec) out << i << ' ';
return out;
}
std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& dest, const int128& value) {
// https://stackoverflow.com/a/25115163/23881100
std::ostream::sentry s( dest );
if ( s ) {
uint128 tmp = value < 0 ? -value : value;
char buffer[ 128 ];
char* d = std::end( buffer );
do {
-- d;
*d = "0123456789"[ tmp % 10 ];
tmp /= 10;
} while ( tmp != 0 );
if ( value < 0 ) {
-- d;
*d = '-';
}
int len = std::end( buffer ) - d;
if ( dest.rdbuf()->sputn( d, len ) != len ) {
dest.setstate( std::ios_base::badbit );
}
}
return dest;
}
template<typename T> void __read(T& x) { cin >> x; }
template<typename T, typename... U> void __read(T& x, U&... args) { cin >> x; __read(args...); }
#define read(type, ...) __AS_PROCEDURE(type __VA_ARGS__; __read(__VA_ARGS__);)
#define readvec(type, a, n) __AS_PROCEDURE(vector<type> a(n); for (auto& x : a) cin >> x;)
#define readvec1(type, a, n) __AS_PROCEDURE(vector<type> a((n) + 1); copy_n(ii<type>(cin), (n), a.begin() + 1);)
#define putvec(a) __AS_PROCEDURE(copy(a.begin(), a.end(), oi<__as_typeof(a)::value_type>(cout, " ")); cout << endl;)
#define putvec1(a) __AS_PROCEDURE(copy(a.begin() + 1, a.end(), oi<__as_typeof(a)::value_type>(cout, " ")); cout << endl;)
#define putvec_eol(a) __AS_PROCEDURE(copy(a.begin(), a.end(), oi<__as_typeof(a)::value_type>(cout, "\n"));)
#define putvec1_eol(a) __AS_PROCEDURE(copy(a.begin() + 1, a.end(), oi<__as_typeof(a)::value_type>(cout, "\n"));)
#define debug(x) __AS_PROCEDURE(cerr << #x" = " << (x) << endl;)
#define debugvec(a) __AS_PROCEDURE(cerr << #a" = "; for (auto&& x : a) cerr << x << ' '; cerr << endl;)
#define deb(...) debug(make_tuple(__VA_ARGS__))
/* pops */
#define poptop(q, ...) __AS_PROCEDURE(auto [__VA_ARGS__] = q.top(); q.pop();)
#define popback(q, ...) __AS_PROCEDURE(auto [__VA_ARGS__] = q.back(); q.pop_back();)
#define popfront(q, ...) __AS_PROCEDURE(auto [__VA_ARGS__] = q.front();q.pop_front();)
/* math */
template <typename return_t>
return_t qpow(ll b, ll p) {
if (b == 0 and p != 0) return 0;
if (p == 0) return 1;
return_t half = qpow<return_t>(b, p / 2);
if (p % 2 == 1) return half * half * b;
else return half * half;
}
#define comb(n, k) ((n) < 0 or (k) < 0 or (n) < (k) ? 0 : fact[n] / fact[k] / fact[(n) - (k)])
#define fastcomb(n, k) ((n) < 0 or (k) < 0 or (n) < (k) ? 0 : fact[n] * factrev[k] * factrev[(n) - (k)])
constexpr inline int lg2(ll x) { return x == 0 ? -1 : sizeof(ll) * 8 - 1 - __builtin_clzll(x); }
void __exgcd(ll a, ll b, ll& x, ll& y) {
if (b == 0) {
x = 1, y = 0;
return;
}
__exgcd(b, a % b, y, x);
y -= a / b * x;
}
ll inverse(ll a, ll b) {
ll x, y;
__exgcd(a, b, x, y);
return mod(x, b);
}
vector<tuple<int, int, ll>> decompose(ll x) {
// return (factor, count, factor ** count)
vector<tuple<int, int, ll>> res;
for (int i = 2; i * i <= x; i++) {
if (x % i == 0) {
int cnt = 0;
ll pw = 1;
while (x % i == 0) ++cnt, x /= i, pw *= i;
res.emplace_back(i, cnt, pw);
}
}
if (x != 1) {
res.emplace_back(x, 1, x);
}
return res;
}
vector<pii> decompose_prime(int N) {
// return (factor, count)
vector<pii> result;
for (int i = 2; i * i <= N; i++) {
if (N % i == 0) {
int cnt = 0;
while (N % i == 0) N /= i, ++cnt;
result.emplace_back(i, cnt);
}
}
if (N != 1) {
result.emplace_back(N, 1);
}
return result;
}
/* string algorithms */
vector<int> calc_next(string t) { // pi function of t
int n = (int)t.length();
vector<int> pi(n);
for (int i = 1; i < n; i++) {
int j = pi[i - 1];
while (j > 0 && t[i] != t[j]) j = pi[j - 1];
if (t[i] == t[j]) j++;
pi[i] = j;
}
return pi;
}
vector<int> calc_z(string t) { // z function of t
int m = t.length();
vector<int> z;
z.push_back(m);
pair<int, int> prev = {1, -1};
for (int i = 1; i < m; ++i) {
if (z[i - prev.first] + i <= prev.second) {
z.push_back(z[i - prev.first]);
} else {
int j = max(i, prev.second + 1);
while (j < m && t[j] == t[j - i]) ++j;
z.push_back(j - i);
prev = {i, j - 1};
}
}
return z;
}
vector<int> kmp(string s, string t) { // find all t in s
string cur = t + '#' + s;
int sz1 = s.size(), sz2 = t.size();
vector<int> v;
vector<int> lps = calc_next(cur);
for (int i = sz2 + 1; i <= sz1 + sz2; i++) {
if (lps[i] == sz2) v.push_back(i - 2 * sz2);
}
return v;
}
int period(string s) { // find the length of shortest recurring period
int n = s.length();
auto z = calc_z(s);
for (int i = 1; i <= n / 2; ++i) {
if (n % i == 0 && z[i] == n - i) {
return i;
}
}
return n;
}
/* modular arithmetic */
template <ll mdl> struct MLL {
ll val;
MLL(ll v = 0) : val(mod(v, mdl)) {}
MLL(const MLL<mdl>& other) : val(other.val) {}
friend MLL operator+(const MLL& lhs, const MLL& rhs) { return mod(lhs.val + rhs.val, mdl); }
friend MLL operator-(const MLL& lhs, const MLL& rhs) { return mod(lhs.val - rhs.val, mdl); }
friend MLL operator*(const MLL& lhs, const MLL& rhs) { return mod(lhs.val * rhs.val, mdl); }
friend MLL operator/(const MLL& lhs, const MLL& rhs) { return mod(lhs.val * mod(inverse(rhs.val, mdl), mdl), mdl); }
friend MLL operator%(const MLL& lhs, const MLL& rhs) { return mod(lhs.val - (lhs / rhs).val, mdl); }
friend bool operator==(const MLL& lhs, const MLL& rhs) { return lhs.val == rhs.val; }
friend bool operator!=(const MLL& lhs, const MLL& rhs) { return lhs.val != rhs.val; }
void operator+=(const MLL& rhs) { val = (*this + rhs).val; }
void operator-=(const MLL& rhs) { val = (*this - rhs).val; }
void operator*=(const MLL& rhs) { val = (*this * rhs).val; }
void operator/=(const MLL& rhs) { val = (*this / rhs).val; }
void operator%=(const MLL& rhs) { val = (*this % rhs).val; }
};
template <ll mdl>
ostream& operator<<(ostream& out, const MLL<mdl>& num) {
return out << num.val;
}
template <ll mdl>
istream& operator>>(istream& in, MLL<mdl>& num) {
return in >> num.val;
}
// miscancellous
template <typename T, typename U>
bool chmax(T& lhs, const U& rhs) {
bool ret = lhs < rhs;
if (ret) {
lhs = rhs;
}
return ret;
}
template <typename T, typename U>
bool chmin(T& lhs, const U& rhs) {
bool ret = lhs > rhs;
if (ret) {
lhs = rhs;
}
return ret;
}
#define functor(func) ([&](auto&&... val) \
noexcept(noexcept(func(std::forward<decltype(val)>(val)...))) -> decltype(auto) \
{return func(std::forward<decltype(val)>(val)...);})
#define expr(ret, ...) ([&] (__VA_ARGS__) { return (ret); })
template <typename Func, typename RandomIt> void sort_by_key(RandomIt first, RandomIt last, Func extractor) {
std::sort(first, last, [&] (auto&& a, auto&& b) { return std::less<>()(extractor(a), extractor(b)); });
}
template <typename Func, typename RandomIt, typename Compare> void sort_by_key(RandomIt first, RandomIt last, Func extractor, Compare comp) {
std::sort(first, last, [&] (auto&& a, auto&& b) { return comp(extractor(a), extractor(b)); });
}
template <typename T, typename U, typename Iterator_T, typename Iterator_U>
vector<pair<T, U>> zip(Iterator_T a_first, Iterator_T a_last, Iterator_U b_first, Iterator_U b_last) {
vector<pair<T, U>> res;
auto a_it = a_first;
auto b_it = b_first;
for (; not (a_it == a_last) and not (b_it == b_last); ++a_it, ++b_it) {
res.emplace_back(*a_it, *b_it);
}
return res;
}
template <typename T, typename U, typename Iterator_T, typename Iterator_U>
vector<pair<T, U>> zip_n(Iterator_T a_first, Iterator_U b_first, size_t n) {
vector<pair<T, U>> res;
if (n > 0) {
res.emplace_back(*a_first, *b_first);
for (size_t i = 1; i != n; ++i) {
res.emplace_back(*++a_first, *++b_first);
}
}
return res;
}
template <typename T>
class ArithmeticIterator : bidirectional_iterator_tag {
public:
using difference_type = ptrdiff_t;
using value_type = T;
private:
value_type value;
public:
ArithmeticIterator(const T& value) : value(value) {}
value_type operator*() const { return value; }
ArithmeticIterator<T>& operator++() { ++value; return *this; }
ArithmeticIterator<T>& operator--() { --value; return *this; }
bool operator==(const ArithmeticIterator<T>& rhs) const { return value == rhs.value; }
};
template <typename T> vector<pair<int, T>> enumerate(const vector<T>& container) {
return zip<int, T>(ArithmeticIterator<int>(0), ArithmeticIterator<int>(INT_MAX), container.begin(), container.end());
}
#define initarray(init, N) (__initarray<decay<decltype(init)>::type, (N)>(init))
namespace detail {
template <typename T, std::size_t...Is>
constexpr std::array<T, sizeof...(Is)>
make_array(const T& value, std::index_sequence<Is...>) {
return {{(static_cast<void>(Is), value)...}};
}
}
template <typename T, std::size_t N>
constexpr std::array<T, N> __initarray(const T& value) {
return detail::make_array(value, std::make_index_sequence<N>());
}
/*******************************************************/
#define SINGLE_TEST_CASE
// #define DUMP_TEST_CASE 7219
// #define TOT_TEST_CASE 10000
void dump() {}
void dump_ignore() {}
void prep() {
}
using mll = MLL<PRIME>;
template<typename Addable_Info_t, typename Tag_t, typename Sequence = std::vector<Addable_Info_t>> class segtree {
private:
using size_type = uint64_t;
using info_type = Addable_Info_t;
using tag_type = Tag_t;
size_type _max;
vector<info_type> d;
vector<tag_type> b;
void pull(size_type p) {
d[p] = d[p * 2] + d[p * 2 + 1];
}
void push(size_type p, size_type left_len, size_type right_len) {
d[p * 2].apply(b[p], left_len), d[p * 2 + 1].apply(b[p], right_len);
b[p * 2].apply(b[p]), b[p * 2 + 1].apply(b[p]);
b[p] = tag_type();
}
void set(size_type s, size_type t, size_type p, size_type x, const info_type& c) {
if (s == t) {
d[p] = c;
return;
}
size_type m = s + (t - s >> 1);
if (s != t) push(p, m - s + 1, t - m);
if (x <= m) set(s, m, p * 2, x, c);
else set(m + 1, t, p * 2 + 1, x, c);
pull(p);
}
void range_apply(size_type s, size_type t, size_type p, size_type l, size_type r, const tag_type& c) {
if (l <= s && t <= r) {
d[p].apply(c, t - s + 1);
b[p].apply(c);
return;
}
size_type m = s + (t - s >> 1);
push(p, m - s + 1, t - m);
if (l <= m) range_apply(s, m, p * 2, l, r, c);
if (r > m) range_apply(m + 1, t, p * 2 + 1, l, r, c);
pull(p);
}
info_type range_query(size_type s, size_type t, size_type p, size_type l, size_type r) {
if (l <= s && t <= r) {
return d[p];
}
size_type m = s + (t - s >> 1);
info_type res = {};
push(p, m - s + 1, t - m);
if (l <= m) res = res + range_query(s, m, p * 2, l, r);
if (r > m) res = res + range_query(m + 1, t, p * 2 + 1, l, r);
return res;
}
void build(const Sequence& a, size_type s, size_type t, size_type p) {
if (s == t) {
d[p] = a[s];
return;
}
int m = s + (t - s >> 1);
build(a, s, m, p * 2);
build(a, m + 1, t, p * 2 + 1);
pull(p);
}
public:
segtree(size_type __max) : d(4 * __max), b(4 * __max), _max(__max - 1) {}
segtree(const Sequence& a) : segtree(a.size()) {
build(a, {}, _max, 1);
}
void set(size_type i, const info_type& c) {
set({}, _max, 1, i, c);
}
void range_apply(size_type l, size_type r, const tag_type& c) {
range_apply({}, _max, 1, l, r, c);
}
void apply(size_type i, const tag_type& c) {
range_apply(i, i, c);
}
info_type range_query(size_type l, size_type r) {
return range_query({}, _max, 1, l, r);
}
info_type query(size_type i) {
return range_query(i, i);
}
Sequence serialize() {
Sequence res = {};
for (size_type i = 0; i <= _max; ++i) {
res.push_back(query(i));
}
return res;
}
const vector<info_type>& get_d() {
return d;
}
};
struct Tag {
mll val = 0;
void apply(const Tag& rhs) {
val += rhs.val;
}
};
struct Info {
mll val = 0;
void apply(const Tag& rhs, size_t len) {
val += rhs.val * len;
}
};
Info operator+(const Info &a, const Info &b) {
return {a.val + b.val};
}
// __attribute__((target("popcnt")))
void solve() {
read(int, n);
readvec(int, a, n);
vector<int> prev(n);
vector<int> oc(n + 1, -1);
for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
prev[i] = oc[a[i]];
oc[a[i]] = i;
}
// segtree<Info, Tag> sum(n);
// vector<mll> bk(n + 1);
// bk[0] = 1;
// mll tot = 1;
// for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
// mll nw = tot - (prev[i] == -1 ? 0 : sum.query(prev[i]).val);
// mll inherit = bk[a[i]];
// bk[a[i]] += nw;
// tot += nw;
// sum.set(i, { tot });
// sum.range_apply(prev[i] == -1 ? 0 : prev[i], i, { 0 - inherit });
// }
vector<mll> dp(n);
vector<mll> bk(n + 1);
vector<bool> has(n + 1);
mll sum = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
dp[i] = sum + (not has[a[i]]);
sum -= bk[a[i]];
bk[a[i]] = dp[i];
sum += bk[a[i]];
has[a[i]] = 1;
}
debug(dp);
cout << accumulate(bk.begin(), bk.end(), mll(0)) << '\n';
}
int main() {
#if __cplusplus < 201402L or defined(_MSC_VER) and not defined(__clang__)
assert(false && "incompatible compiler variant detected.");
#endif
untie;
prep();
#ifdef SINGLE_TEST_CASE
solve();
#else
read(int, t);
for (int i = 0; i < t; ++i) {
#ifdef DUMP_TEST_CASE
if (t != (TOT_TEST_CASE)) {
solve();
} else if (i + 1 == (DUMP_TEST_CASE)) {
dump();
} else {
dump_ignore();
}
#else
solve();
#endif
}
#endif
}

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// #pragma GCC target("popcnt,lzcnt,abm,bmi,bmi2")
#pragma GCC optimize("Ofast")
/************* This code requires C++17. ***************/
#include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
/* macro helpers */
#define __NARGS(...) std::tuple_size<decltype(std::make_tuple(__VA_ARGS__))>::value
#define __DECOMPOSE_S(a, x) auto x = a;
#define __DECOMPOSE_N(a, ...) auto [__VA_ARGS__] = a;
constexpr void __() {}
#define __AS_PROCEDURE(...) __(); __VA_ARGS__; __()
#define __as_typeof(container) remove_reference<decltype(container)>::type
/* type aliases */
#if LONG_LONG_MAX != INT64_MAX
using ll = int64_t;
using ull = uint64_t;
#else
using ll = long long;
using ull = unsigned long long;
#endif
using int128 = __int128_t;
using uint128 = __uint128_t;
using ld = long double;
using pii = pair<int, int>; using pil = pair<int, ll>; using pid = pair<int, ld>;
using pli = pair<ll, int>; using pll = pair<ll, ll>; using pld = pair<ll, ld>;
using pdi = pair<ld, int>; using pdl = pair<ld, ll>; using pdd = pair<ld, ld>;
using tiii = tuple<int, int, int>; using tiil = tuple<int, int, ll>; using tiid = tuple<int, int, ld>;
using tili = tuple<int, ll, int>; using till = tuple<int, ll, ll>; using tild = tuple<int, ll, ld>;
using tidi = tuple<int, ld, int>; using tidl = tuple<int, ld, ll>; using tidd = tuple<int, ld, ld>;
using tlii = tuple<ll, int, int>; using tlil = tuple<ll, int, ll>; using tlid = tuple<ll, int, ld>;
using tlli = tuple<ll, ll, int>; using tlll = tuple<ll, ll, ll>; using tlld = tuple<ll, ll, ld>;
using tldi = tuple<ll, ld, int>; using tldl = tuple<ll, ld, ll>; using tldd = tuple<ll, ld, ld>;
using tdii = tuple<ld, int, int>; using tdil = tuple<ld, int, ll>; using tdid = tuple<ld, int, ld>;
using tdli = tuple<ld, ll, int>; using tdll = tuple<ld, ll, ll>; using tdld = tuple<ld, ll, ld>;
using tddi = tuple<ld, ld, int>; using tddl = tuple<ld, ld, ll>; using tddd = tuple<ld, ld, ld>;
template <typename T> using max_heap = priority_queue<T>;
template <typename T> using min_heap = priority_queue<T, vector<T>, greater<>>;
template <typename T> using oi = ostream_iterator<T>;
template <typename T> using ii = istream_iterator<T>;
/* constants */
constexpr int INF = 0x3f3f3f3f;
constexpr ll INFLL = 0x3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3fLL;
constexpr ll MDL = 1e9 + 7;
constexpr ll PRIME = 998'244'353;
constexpr ll MDL1 = 8784491;
constexpr ll MDL2 = PRIME;
constexpr int128 INT128_MAX = numeric_limits<int128>::max();
constexpr uint128 UINT128_MAX = numeric_limits<uint128>::max();
constexpr int128 INT128_MIN = numeric_limits<int128>::min();
constexpr uint128 UINT128_MIN = numeric_limits<uint128>::min();
/* random */
mt19937_64 rd(chrono::duration_cast<chrono::milliseconds>(chrono::system_clock::now().time_since_epoch()).count());
/* bit-wise operations */
#define lowbit(x) ((x) & -(x))
#define popcount(x) (__builtin_popcountll(ll(x)))
#define parity(x) (__builtin_parityll(ll(x)))
#define msp(x) (63LL - __builtin_clzll(ll(x)))
#define lsp(x) (__builtin_ctzll(ll(x)))
/* arithmetic operations */
#define mod(x, y) ((((x) % (y)) + (y)) % (y))
/* fast pairs */
#define upair ull
#define umake(x, y) (ull(x) << 32 | (ull(y) & ((1ULL << 32) - 1)))
#define u1(p) ((p) >> 32)
#define u2(p) ((p) & ((1ULL << 32) - 1))
#define ult std::less<upair>
#define ugt std::greater<upair>
#define ipair ull
#define imake(x, y) (umake(x, y))
#define i1(p) (int(u1(ll(p))))
#define i2(p) (ll(u2(p) << 32) >> 32)
struct ilt {
bool operator()(const ipair& a, const ipair& b) const {
if (i1(a) == i1(b)) return i2(a) < i2(b);
else return i1(a) < i1(b);
}
};
struct igt {
bool operator()(const ipair& a, const ipair& b) const {
if (i1(a) == i1(b)) return i2(a) > i2(b);
else return i1(a) > i1(b);
}
};
/* conditions */
#define loop while (1)
#define if_or(var, val) if (!(var == val)) var = val; else
#define continue_or(var, val) __AS_PROCEDURE(if (var == val) continue; var = val;)
#define break_or(var, val) __AS_PROCEDURE(if (var == val) break; var = val;)
/* hash */
struct safe_hash {
// https://codeforces.com/blog/entry/62393
static uint64_t splitmix64(uint64_t x) {
// http://xorshift.di.unimi.it/splitmix64.c
x += 0x9e3779b97f4a7c15;
x = (x ^ (x >> 30)) * 0xbf58476d1ce4e5b9;
x = (x ^ (x >> 27)) * 0x94d049bb133111eb;
return x ^ (x >> 31);
}
size_t operator()(uint64_t x) const {
static const uint64_t FIXED_RANDOM = chrono::steady_clock::now().time_since_epoch().count();
return splitmix64(x + FIXED_RANDOM);
}
};
struct pair_hash {
template <typename T, typename U>
size_t operator()(const pair<T, U>& a) const {
auto hash1 = safe_hash()(a.first);
auto hash2 = safe_hash()(a.second);
if (hash1 != hash2) {
return hash1 ^ hash2;
}
return hash1;
}
};
uniform_int_distribution<mt19937::result_type> dist(PRIME);
const size_t __array_hash_b = 31, __array_hash_mdl1 = dist(rd), __array_hash_mdl2 = dist(rd);
struct array_hash {
template <typename Sequence>
size_t operator()(const Sequence& arr) const {
size_t pw1 = 1, pw2 = 1;
size_t res1 = 0, res2 = 0;
for (auto&& x : arr) {
res1 = (res1 + x * pw1) % __array_hash_mdl1;
res2 = (res2 + x * pw2) % __array_hash_mdl2;
pw1 = (pw1 * __array_hash_b) % __array_hash_mdl1;
pw2 = (pw2 * __array_hash_b) % __array_hash_mdl2;
}
return res1 + res2;
}
};
/* build data structures */
#define faster(um) __AS_PROCEDURE((um).reserve(1024); (um).max_load_factor(0.25);)
#define unordered_counter(from, to) __AS_PROCEDURE(unordered_map<__as_typeof(from), size_t, safe_hash> to; for (auto&& x : from) ++to[x];)
#define counter(from, to, cmp) __AS_PROCEDURE(map<__as_typeof(from), size_t, cmp> to; for (auto&& x : from) ++to[x];)
#define pa(a) __AS_PROCEDURE(__typeof(a) pa; pa.push_back({}); for (auto&&x : a) pa.push_back(pa.back() + x);)
#define sa(a) __AS_PROCEDURE(__typeof(a) sa(a.size() + 1); {int n = a.size(); for (int i = n - 1; i >= 0; --i) sa[i] = sa[i + 1] + a[i];};)
#define adj(ch, n) __AS_PROCEDURE(vector<vector<int>> ch((n) + 1);)
#define edge(ch, u, v) __AS_PROCEDURE(ch[u].push_back(v), ch[v].push_back(u);)
#define edgew(ch, u, v, ...) __AS_PROCEDURE(ch[u].emplace_back(v, __VA_ARGS__), ch[v].emplace_back(u, __VA_ARGS__);)
#define Edge(ch, u, v) __AS_PROCEDURE(ch[u].push_back(v);)
#define Edgew(ch, u, v, ...) __AS_PROCEDURE(ch[u].emplace_back(v, __VA_ARGS__);)
template <typename T, typename Iterator> pair<size_t, map<T, size_t>> discretize(Iterator __first, Iterator __last) {
set<T> st(__first, __last);
size_t N = 0;
map<T, size_t> mp;
for (auto&& x : st) mp[x] = ++N;
return {N, mp};
}
template <typename T, typename Iterator> pair<size_t, unordered_map<T, size_t, safe_hash>> unordered_discretize(Iterator __first, Iterator __last) {
set<T> st(__first, __last);
size_t N = 0;
unordered_map<T, size_t, safe_hash> mp;
for (auto&& x : st) mp[x] = ++N;
return {N, mp};
}
/* io */
#define untie __AS_PROCEDURE(ios_base::sync_with_stdio(0), cin.tie(NULL))
template<typename T, typename U> istream& operator>>(istream& in, pair<T, U>& p) {
return in >> p.first >> p.second;
}
template<typename T, typename U> ostream& operator<<(ostream& out, const pair<T, U>& p) {
out << "{" << p.first << ", " << p.second << "}";
return out;
}
template<typename Char, typename Traits, typename Tuple, std::size_t... Index>
void print_tuple_impl(std::basic_ostream<Char, Traits>& os, const Tuple& t, std::index_sequence<Index...>) {
using swallow = int[]; // guaranties left to right order
(void)swallow { 0, (void(os << (Index == 0 ? "" : ", ") << std::get<Index>(t)), 0)... };
}
template<typename Char, typename Traits, typename... Args>
decltype(auto) operator<<(std::basic_ostream<Char, Traits>& os, const std::tuple<Args...>& t) {
os << "{";
print_tuple_impl(os, t, std::index_sequence_for<Args...>{});
return os << "}";
}
template<typename T> ostream& operator<<(ostream& out, const vector<T>& vec) {
for (auto&& i : vec) out << i << ' ';
return out;
}
std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& dest, const int128& value) {
// https://stackoverflow.com/a/25115163/23881100
std::ostream::sentry s( dest );
if ( s ) {
uint128 tmp = value < 0 ? -value : value;
char buffer[ 128 ];
char* d = std::end( buffer );
do {
-- d;
*d = "0123456789"[ tmp % 10 ];
tmp /= 10;
} while ( tmp != 0 );
if ( value < 0 ) {
-- d;
*d = '-';
}
int len = std::end( buffer ) - d;
if ( dest.rdbuf()->sputn( d, len ) != len ) {
dest.setstate( std::ios_base::badbit );
}
}
return dest;
}
template<typename T> void __read(T& x) { cin >> x; }
template<typename T, typename... U> void __read(T& x, U&... args) { cin >> x; __read(args...); }
#define read(type, ...) __AS_PROCEDURE(type __VA_ARGS__; __read(__VA_ARGS__);)
#define readvec(type, a, n) __AS_PROCEDURE(vector<type> a(n); for (auto& x : a) cin >> x;)
#define readvec1(type, a, n) __AS_PROCEDURE(vector<type> a((n) + 1); copy_n(ii<type>(cin), (n), a.begin() + 1);)
#define putvec(a) __AS_PROCEDURE(copy(a.begin(), a.end(), oi<__as_typeof(a)::value_type>(cout, " ")); cout << endl;)
#define putvec1(a) __AS_PROCEDURE(copy(a.begin() + 1, a.end(), oi<__as_typeof(a)::value_type>(cout, " ")); cout << endl;)
#define putvec_eol(a) __AS_PROCEDURE(copy(a.begin(), a.end(), oi<__as_typeof(a)::value_type>(cout, "\n"));)
#define putvec1_eol(a) __AS_PROCEDURE(copy(a.begin() + 1, a.end(), oi<__as_typeof(a)::value_type>(cout, "\n"));)
#define debug(x) __AS_PROCEDURE(cerr << #x" = " << (x) << endl;)
#define debugvec(a) __AS_PROCEDURE(cerr << #a" = "; for (auto&& x : a) cerr << x << ' '; cerr << endl;)
#define deb(...) debug(make_tuple(__VA_ARGS__))
/* pops */
#define poptop(q, ...) __AS_PROCEDURE(auto [__VA_ARGS__] = q.top(); q.pop();)
#define popback(q, ...) __AS_PROCEDURE(auto [__VA_ARGS__] = q.back(); q.pop_back();)
#define popfront(q, ...) __AS_PROCEDURE(auto [__VA_ARGS__] = q.front();q.pop_front();)
/* math */
template <typename return_t>
return_t qpow(ll b, ll p) {
if (b == 0 and p != 0) return 0;
if (p == 0) return 1;
return_t half = qpow<return_t>(b, p / 2);
if (p % 2 == 1) return half * half * b;
else return half * half;
}
#define comb(n, k) ((n) < 0 or (k) < 0 or (n) < (k) ? 0 : fact[n] / fact[k] / fact[(n) - (k)])
#define fastcomb(n, k) ((n) < 0 or (k) < 0 or (n) < (k) ? 0 : fact[n] * factrev[k] * factrev[(n) - (k)])
constexpr inline int lg2(ll x) { return x == 0 ? -1 : sizeof(ll) * 8 - 1 - __builtin_clzll(x); }
void __exgcd(ll a, ll b, ll& x, ll& y) {
if (b == 0) {
x = 1, y = 0;
return;
}
__exgcd(b, a % b, y, x);
y -= a / b * x;
}
ll inverse(ll a, ll b) {
ll x, y;
__exgcd(a, b, x, y);
return mod(x, b);
}
vector<tuple<int, int, ll>> decompose(ll x) {
// return (factor, count, factor ** count)
vector<tuple<int, int, ll>> res;
for (int i = 2; i * i <= x; i++) {
if (x % i == 0) {
int cnt = 0;
ll pw = 1;
while (x % i == 0) ++cnt, x /= i, pw *= i;
res.emplace_back(i, cnt, pw);
}
}
if (x != 1) {
res.emplace_back(x, 1, x);
}
return res;
}
vector<pii> decompose_prime(int N) {
// return (factor, count)
vector<pii> result;
for (int i = 2; i * i <= N; i++) {
if (N % i == 0) {
int cnt = 0;
while (N % i == 0) N /= i, ++cnt;
result.emplace_back(i, cnt);
}
}
if (N != 1) {
result.emplace_back(N, 1);
}
return result;
}
/* string algorithms */
vector<int> calc_next(string t) { // pi function of t
int n = (int)t.length();
vector<int> pi(n);
for (int i = 1; i < n; i++) {
int j = pi[i - 1];
while (j > 0 && t[i] != t[j]) j = pi[j - 1];
if (t[i] == t[j]) j++;
pi[i] = j;
}
return pi;
}
vector<int> calc_z(string t) { // z function of t
int m = t.length();
vector<int> z;
z.push_back(m);
pair<int, int> prev = {1, -1};
for (int i = 1; i < m; ++i) {
if (z[i - prev.first] + i <= prev.second) {
z.push_back(z[i - prev.first]);
} else {
int j = max(i, prev.second + 1);
while (j < m && t[j] == t[j - i]) ++j;
z.push_back(j - i);
prev = {i, j - 1};
}
}
return z;
}
vector<int> kmp(string s, string t) { // find all t in s
string cur = t + '#' + s;
int sz1 = s.size(), sz2 = t.size();
vector<int> v;
vector<int> lps = calc_next(cur);
for (int i = sz2 + 1; i <= sz1 + sz2; i++) {
if (lps[i] == sz2) v.push_back(i - 2 * sz2);
}
return v;
}
int period(string s) { // find the length of shortest recurring period
int n = s.length();
auto z = calc_z(s);
for (int i = 1; i <= n / 2; ++i) {
if (n % i == 0 && z[i] == n - i) {
return i;
}
}
return n;
}
/* modular arithmetic */
template <ll mdl> struct MLL {
ll val;
MLL(ll v = 0) : val(mod(v, mdl)) {}
MLL(const MLL<mdl>& other) : val(other.val) {}
friend MLL operator+(const MLL& lhs, const MLL& rhs) { return mod(lhs.val + rhs.val, mdl); }
friend MLL operator-(const MLL& lhs, const MLL& rhs) { return mod(lhs.val - rhs.val, mdl); }
friend MLL operator*(const MLL& lhs, const MLL& rhs) { return mod(lhs.val * rhs.val, mdl); }
friend MLL operator/(const MLL& lhs, const MLL& rhs) { return mod(lhs.val * mod(inverse(rhs.val, mdl), mdl), mdl); }
friend MLL operator%(const MLL& lhs, const MLL& rhs) { return mod(lhs.val - (lhs / rhs).val, mdl); }
friend bool operator==(const MLL& lhs, const MLL& rhs) { return lhs.val == rhs.val; }
friend bool operator!=(const MLL& lhs, const MLL& rhs) { return lhs.val != rhs.val; }
void operator+=(const MLL& rhs) { val = (*this + rhs).val; }
void operator-=(const MLL& rhs) { val = (*this - rhs).val; }
void operator*=(const MLL& rhs) { val = (*this * rhs).val; }
void operator/=(const MLL& rhs) { val = (*this / rhs).val; }
void operator%=(const MLL& rhs) { val = (*this % rhs).val; }
};
template <ll mdl>
ostream& operator<<(ostream& out, const MLL<mdl>& num) {
return out << num.val;
}
template <ll mdl>
istream& operator>>(istream& in, MLL<mdl>& num) {
return in >> num.val;
}
// miscancellous
template <typename T, typename U>
bool chmax(T& lhs, const U& rhs) {
bool ret = lhs < rhs;
if (ret) {
lhs = rhs;
}
return ret;
}
template <typename T, typename U>
bool chmin(T& lhs, const U& rhs) {
bool ret = lhs > rhs;
if (ret) {
lhs = rhs;
}
return ret;
}
#define functor(func) ([&](auto&&... val) \
noexcept(noexcept(func(std::forward<decltype(val)>(val)...))) -> decltype(auto) \
{return func(std::forward<decltype(val)>(val)...);})
#define expr(ret, ...) ([&] (__VA_ARGS__) { return (ret); })
template <typename Func, typename RandomIt> void sort_by_key(RandomIt first, RandomIt last, Func extractor) {
std::sort(first, last, [&] (auto&& a, auto&& b) { return std::less<>()(extractor(a), extractor(b)); });
}
template <typename Func, typename RandomIt, typename Compare> void sort_by_key(RandomIt first, RandomIt last, Func extractor, Compare comp) {
std::sort(first, last, [&] (auto&& a, auto&& b) { return comp(extractor(a), extractor(b)); });
}
template <typename T, typename U, typename Iterator_T, typename Iterator_U>
vector<pair<T, U>> zip(Iterator_T a_first, Iterator_T a_last, Iterator_U b_first, Iterator_U b_last) {
vector<pair<T, U>> res;
auto a_it = a_first;
auto b_it = b_first;
for (; not (a_it == a_last) and not (b_it == b_last); ++a_it, ++b_it) {
res.emplace_back(*a_it, *b_it);
}
return res;
}
template <typename T, typename U, typename Iterator_T, typename Iterator_U>
vector<pair<T, U>> zip_n(Iterator_T a_first, Iterator_U b_first, size_t n) {
vector<pair<T, U>> res;
if (n > 0) {
res.emplace_back(*a_first, *b_first);
for (size_t i = 1; i != n; ++i) {
res.emplace_back(*++a_first, *++b_first);
}
}
return res;
}
template <typename T>
class ArithmeticIterator : bidirectional_iterator_tag {
public:
using difference_type = ptrdiff_t;
using value_type = T;
private:
value_type value;
public:
ArithmeticIterator(const T& value) : value(value) {}
value_type operator*() const { return value; }
ArithmeticIterator<T>& operator++() { ++value; return *this; }
ArithmeticIterator<T>& operator--() { --value; return *this; }
bool operator==(const ArithmeticIterator<T>& rhs) const { return value == rhs.value; }
};
template <typename T> vector<pair<int, T>> enumerate(const vector<T>& container) {
return zip<int, T>(ArithmeticIterator<int>(0), ArithmeticIterator<int>(INT_MAX), container.begin(), container.end());
}
#define initarray(init, N) (__initarray<decay<decltype(init)>::type, (N)>(init))
namespace detail {
template <typename T, std::size_t...Is>
constexpr std::array<T, sizeof...(Is)>
make_array(const T& value, std::index_sequence<Is...>) {
return {{(static_cast<void>(Is), value)...}};
}
}
template <typename T, std::size_t N>
constexpr std::array<T, N> __initarray(const T& value) {
return detail::make_array(value, std::make_index_sequence<N>());
}
/*******************************************************/
#define SINGLE_TEST_CASE
// #define DUMP_TEST_CASE 7219
// #define TOT_TEST_CASE 10000
void dump() {}
void dump_ignore() {}
void prep() {
}
// __attribute__((target("popcnt")))
void solve() {
read(int, n);
readvec(int, a, n);
if (n <= 2) {
cout << *max_element(a.begin(), a.end()) << '\n';
return;
}
// vector<int> oc(a);
// sort(oc.begin(), oc.end());
// int m = unique(oc.begin(), oc.end()) - oc.begin();
// oc.resize(m);
// auto get = [&] (int x) {
// return lower_bound(oc.begin(), oc.end(), x) - oc.begin();
// };
a.resize(2 * n);
copy(a.begin(), a.begin() + n, a.begin() + n);
vector<ll> diff(2 * n);
for (int i = 0; i < 2 * n; ++i) {
if (i == 0) {
diff[i] = a[i];
} else {
diff[i] = max(0, a[i] - a[i - 1]);
}
}
vector<ll> ps(2 * n + 1);
partial_sum(diff.begin(), diff.end(), ps.begin() + 1);
ll res = INFLL;
for (int l = 0, r = n - 1; r < 2 * n; ++l, ++r) {
int min_start = max(0, a[l] - a[r]);
int max_start = a[l];
int start = clamp(a[l + 1], min_start, max_start);
chmin(res, ps[r + 1] - ps[l + 2] + max<ll>(0, a[l + 1] - start) + start);
}
cout << res << '\n';
}
int main() {
#if __cplusplus < 201402L or defined(_MSC_VER) and not defined(__clang__)
assert(false && "incompatible compiler variant detected.");
#endif
untie;
prep();
#ifdef SINGLE_TEST_CASE
solve();
#else
read(int, t);
for (int i = 0; i < t; ++i) {
#ifdef DUMP_TEST_CASE
if (t != (TOT_TEST_CASE)) {
solve();
} else if (i + 1 == (DUMP_TEST_CASE)) {
dump();
} else {
dump_ignore();
}
#else
solve();
#endif
}
#endif
}

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// #pragma GCC target("popcnt,lzcnt,abm,bmi,bmi2")
#pragma GCC optimize("Ofast")
/************* This code requires C++17. ***************/
#include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
/* macro helpers */
#define __NARGS(...) std::tuple_size<decltype(std::make_tuple(__VA_ARGS__))>::value
#define __DECOMPOSE_S(a, x) auto x = a;
#define __DECOMPOSE_N(a, ...) auto [__VA_ARGS__] = a;
constexpr void __() {}
#define __AS_PROCEDURE(...) __(); __VA_ARGS__; __()
#define __as_typeof(container) remove_reference<decltype(container)>::type
/* type aliases */
#if LONG_LONG_MAX != INT64_MAX
using ll = int64_t;
using ull = uint64_t;
#else
using ll = long long;
using ull = unsigned long long;
#endif
using int128 = __int128_t;
using uint128 = __uint128_t;
using ld = long double;
using pii = pair<int, int>; using pil = pair<int, ll>; using pid = pair<int, ld>;
using pli = pair<ll, int>; using pll = pair<ll, ll>; using pld = pair<ll, ld>;
using pdi = pair<ld, int>; using pdl = pair<ld, ll>; using pdd = pair<ld, ld>;
using tiii = tuple<int, int, int>; using tiil = tuple<int, int, ll>; using tiid = tuple<int, int, ld>;
using tili = tuple<int, ll, int>; using till = tuple<int, ll, ll>; using tild = tuple<int, ll, ld>;
using tidi = tuple<int, ld, int>; using tidl = tuple<int, ld, ll>; using tidd = tuple<int, ld, ld>;
using tlii = tuple<ll, int, int>; using tlil = tuple<ll, int, ll>; using tlid = tuple<ll, int, ld>;
using tlli = tuple<ll, ll, int>; using tlll = tuple<ll, ll, ll>; using tlld = tuple<ll, ll, ld>;
using tldi = tuple<ll, ld, int>; using tldl = tuple<ll, ld, ll>; using tldd = tuple<ll, ld, ld>;
using tdii = tuple<ld, int, int>; using tdil = tuple<ld, int, ll>; using tdid = tuple<ld, int, ld>;
using tdli = tuple<ld, ll, int>; using tdll = tuple<ld, ll, ll>; using tdld = tuple<ld, ll, ld>;
using tddi = tuple<ld, ld, int>; using tddl = tuple<ld, ld, ll>; using tddd = tuple<ld, ld, ld>;
template <typename T> using max_heap = priority_queue<T>;
template <typename T> using min_heap = priority_queue<T, vector<T>, greater<>>;
template <typename T> using oi = ostream_iterator<T>;
template <typename T> using ii = istream_iterator<T>;
/* constants */
constexpr int INF = 0x3f3f3f3f;
constexpr ll INFLL = 0x3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3fLL;
constexpr ll MDL = 1e9 + 7;
constexpr ll PRIME = 998'244'353;
constexpr ll MDL1 = 8784491;
constexpr ll MDL2 = PRIME;
constexpr int128 INT128_MAX = numeric_limits<int128>::max();
constexpr uint128 UINT128_MAX = numeric_limits<uint128>::max();
constexpr int128 INT128_MIN = numeric_limits<int128>::min();
constexpr uint128 UINT128_MIN = numeric_limits<uint128>::min();
/* random */
mt19937_64 rd(chrono::duration_cast<chrono::milliseconds>(chrono::system_clock::now().time_since_epoch()).count());
/* bit-wise operations */
#define lowbit(x) ((x) & -(x))
#define popcount(x) (__builtin_popcountll(ll(x)))
#define parity(x) (__builtin_parityll(ll(x)))
#define msp(x) (63LL - __builtin_clzll(ll(x)))
#define lsp(x) (__builtin_ctzll(ll(x)))
/* arithmetic operations */
#define mod(x, y) ((((x) % (y)) + (y)) % (y))
/* fast pairs */
#define upair ull
#define umake(x, y) (ull(x) << 32 | (ull(y) & ((1ULL << 32) - 1)))
#define u1(p) ((p) >> 32)
#define u2(p) ((p) & ((1ULL << 32) - 1))
#define ult std::less<upair>
#define ugt std::greater<upair>
#define ipair ull
#define imake(x, y) (umake(x, y))
#define i1(p) (int(u1(ll(p))))
#define i2(p) (ll(u2(p) << 32) >> 32)
struct ilt {
bool operator()(const ipair& a, const ipair& b) const {
if (i1(a) == i1(b)) return i2(a) < i2(b);
else return i1(a) < i1(b);
}
};
struct igt {
bool operator()(const ipair& a, const ipair& b) const {
if (i1(a) == i1(b)) return i2(a) > i2(b);
else return i1(a) > i1(b);
}
};
/* conditions */
#define loop while (1)
#define if_or(var, val) if (!(var == val)) var = val; else
#define continue_or(var, val) __AS_PROCEDURE(if (var == val) continue; var = val;)
#define break_or(var, val) __AS_PROCEDURE(if (var == val) break; var = val;)
/* hash */
struct safe_hash {
// https://codeforces.com/blog/entry/62393
static uint64_t splitmix64(uint64_t x) {
// http://xorshift.di.unimi.it/splitmix64.c
x += 0x9e3779b97f4a7c15;
x = (x ^ (x >> 30)) * 0xbf58476d1ce4e5b9;
x = (x ^ (x >> 27)) * 0x94d049bb133111eb;
return x ^ (x >> 31);
}
size_t operator()(uint64_t x) const {
static const uint64_t FIXED_RANDOM = chrono::steady_clock::now().time_since_epoch().count();
return splitmix64(x + FIXED_RANDOM);
}
};
struct pair_hash {
template <typename T, typename U>
size_t operator()(const pair<T, U>& a) const {
auto hash1 = safe_hash()(a.first);
auto hash2 = safe_hash()(a.second);
if (hash1 != hash2) {
return hash1 ^ hash2;
}
return hash1;
}
};
uniform_int_distribution<mt19937::result_type> dist(PRIME);
const size_t __array_hash_b = 31, __array_hash_mdl1 = dist(rd), __array_hash_mdl2 = dist(rd);
struct array_hash {
template <typename Sequence>
size_t operator()(const Sequence& arr) const {
size_t pw1 = 1, pw2 = 1;
size_t res1 = 0, res2 = 0;
for (auto&& x : arr) {
res1 = (res1 + x * pw1) % __array_hash_mdl1;
res2 = (res2 + x * pw2) % __array_hash_mdl2;
pw1 = (pw1 * __array_hash_b) % __array_hash_mdl1;
pw2 = (pw2 * __array_hash_b) % __array_hash_mdl2;
}
return res1 + res2;
}
};
/* build data structures */
#define faster(um) __AS_PROCEDURE((um).reserve(1024); (um).max_load_factor(0.25);)
#define unordered_counter(from, to) __AS_PROCEDURE(unordered_map<__as_typeof(from), size_t, safe_hash> to; for (auto&& x : from) ++to[x];)
#define counter(from, to, cmp) __AS_PROCEDURE(map<__as_typeof(from), size_t, cmp> to; for (auto&& x : from) ++to[x];)
#define pa(a) __AS_PROCEDURE(__typeof(a) pa; pa.push_back({}); for (auto&&x : a) pa.push_back(pa.back() + x);)
#define sa(a) __AS_PROCEDURE(__typeof(a) sa(a.size() + 1); {int n = a.size(); for (int i = n - 1; i >= 0; --i) sa[i] = sa[i + 1] + a[i];};)
#define adj(ch, n) __AS_PROCEDURE(vector<vector<int>> ch((n) + 1);)
#define edge(ch, u, v) __AS_PROCEDURE(ch[u].push_back(v), ch[v].push_back(u);)
#define edgew(ch, u, v, ...) __AS_PROCEDURE(ch[u].emplace_back(v, __VA_ARGS__), ch[v].emplace_back(u, __VA_ARGS__);)
#define Edge(ch, u, v) __AS_PROCEDURE(ch[u].push_back(v);)
#define Edgew(ch, u, v, ...) __AS_PROCEDURE(ch[u].emplace_back(v, __VA_ARGS__);)
template <typename T, typename Iterator> pair<size_t, map<T, size_t>> discretize(Iterator __first, Iterator __last) {
set<T> st(__first, __last);
size_t N = 0;
map<T, size_t> mp;
for (auto&& x : st) mp[x] = ++N;
return {N, mp};
}
template <typename T, typename Iterator> pair<size_t, unordered_map<T, size_t, safe_hash>> unordered_discretize(Iterator __first, Iterator __last) {
set<T> st(__first, __last);
size_t N = 0;
unordered_map<T, size_t, safe_hash> mp;
for (auto&& x : st) mp[x] = ++N;
return {N, mp};
}
/* io */
#define untie __AS_PROCEDURE(ios_base::sync_with_stdio(0), cin.tie(NULL))
template<typename T, typename U> istream& operator>>(istream& in, pair<T, U>& p) {
return in >> p.first >> p.second;
}
template<typename T, typename U> ostream& operator<<(ostream& out, const pair<T, U>& p) {
out << "{" << p.first << ", " << p.second << "}";
return out;
}
template<typename Char, typename Traits, typename Tuple, std::size_t... Index>
void print_tuple_impl(std::basic_ostream<Char, Traits>& os, const Tuple& t, std::index_sequence<Index...>) {
using swallow = int[]; // guaranties left to right order
(void)swallow { 0, (void(os << (Index == 0 ? "" : ", ") << std::get<Index>(t)), 0)... };
}
template<typename Char, typename Traits, typename... Args>
decltype(auto) operator<<(std::basic_ostream<Char, Traits>& os, const std::tuple<Args...>& t) {
os << "{";
print_tuple_impl(os, t, std::index_sequence_for<Args...>{});
return os << "}";
}
template<typename T> ostream& operator<<(ostream& out, const vector<T>& vec) {
for (auto&& i : vec) out << i << ' ';
return out;
}
std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& dest, const int128& value) {
// https://stackoverflow.com/a/25115163/23881100
std::ostream::sentry s( dest );
if ( s ) {
uint128 tmp = value < 0 ? -value : value;
char buffer[ 128 ];
char* d = std::end( buffer );
do {
-- d;
*d = "0123456789"[ tmp % 10 ];
tmp /= 10;
} while ( tmp != 0 );
if ( value < 0 ) {
-- d;
*d = '-';
}
int len = std::end( buffer ) - d;
if ( dest.rdbuf()->sputn( d, len ) != len ) {
dest.setstate( std::ios_base::badbit );
}
}
return dest;
}
template<typename T> void __read(T& x) { cin >> x; }
template<typename T, typename... U> void __read(T& x, U&... args) { cin >> x; __read(args...); }
#define read(type, ...) __AS_PROCEDURE(type __VA_ARGS__; __read(__VA_ARGS__);)
#define readvec(type, a, n) __AS_PROCEDURE(vector<type> a(n); for (auto& x : a) cin >> x;)
#define readvec1(type, a, n) __AS_PROCEDURE(vector<type> a((n) + 1); copy_n(ii<type>(cin), (n), a.begin() + 1);)
#define putvec(a) __AS_PROCEDURE(copy(a.begin(), a.end(), oi<__as_typeof(a)::value_type>(cout, " ")); cout << endl;)
#define putvec1(a) __AS_PROCEDURE(copy(a.begin() + 1, a.end(), oi<__as_typeof(a)::value_type>(cout, " ")); cout << endl;)
#define putvec_eol(a) __AS_PROCEDURE(copy(a.begin(), a.end(), oi<__as_typeof(a)::value_type>(cout, "\n"));)
#define putvec1_eol(a) __AS_PROCEDURE(copy(a.begin() + 1, a.end(), oi<__as_typeof(a)::value_type>(cout, "\n"));)
#define debug(x) __AS_PROCEDURE(cerr << #x" = " << (x) << endl;)
#define debugvec(a) __AS_PROCEDURE(cerr << #a" = "; for (auto&& x : a) cerr << x << ' '; cerr << endl;)
#define deb(...) debug(make_tuple(__VA_ARGS__))
/* pops */
#define poptop(q, ...) __AS_PROCEDURE(auto [__VA_ARGS__] = q.top(); q.pop();)
#define popback(q, ...) __AS_PROCEDURE(auto [__VA_ARGS__] = q.back(); q.pop_back();)
#define popfront(q, ...) __AS_PROCEDURE(auto [__VA_ARGS__] = q.front();q.pop_front();)
/* math */
template <typename return_t>
return_t qpow(ll b, ll p) {
if (b == 0 and p != 0) return 0;
if (p == 0) return 1;
return_t half = qpow<return_t>(b, p / 2);
if (p % 2 == 1) return half * half * b;
else return half * half;
}
#define comb(n, k) ((n) < 0 or (k) < 0 or (n) < (k) ? 0 : fact[n] / fact[k] / fact[(n) - (k)])
#define fastcomb(n, k) ((n) < 0 or (k) < 0 or (n) < (k) ? 0 : fact[n] * factrev[k] * factrev[(n) - (k)])
constexpr inline int lg2(ll x) { return x == 0 ? -1 : sizeof(ll) * 8 - 1 - __builtin_clzll(x); }
void __exgcd(ll a, ll b, ll& x, ll& y) {
if (b == 0) {
x = 1, y = 0;
return;
}
__exgcd(b, a % b, y, x);
y -= a / b * x;
}
ll inverse(ll a, ll b) {
ll x, y;
__exgcd(a, b, x, y);
return mod(x, b);
}
vector<tuple<int, int, ll>> decompose(ll x) {
// return (factor, count, factor ** count)
vector<tuple<int, int, ll>> res;
for (int i = 2; i * i <= x; i++) {
if (x % i == 0) {
int cnt = 0;
ll pw = 1;
while (x % i == 0) ++cnt, x /= i, pw *= i;
res.emplace_back(i, cnt, pw);
}
}
if (x != 1) {
res.emplace_back(x, 1, x);
}
return res;
}
vector<pii> decompose_prime(int N) {
// return (factor, count)
vector<pii> result;
for (int i = 2; i * i <= N; i++) {
if (N % i == 0) {
int cnt = 0;
while (N % i == 0) N /= i, ++cnt;
result.emplace_back(i, cnt);
}
}
if (N != 1) {
result.emplace_back(N, 1);
}
return result;
}
/* string algorithms */
vector<int> calc_next(string t) { // pi function of t
int n = (int)t.length();
vector<int> pi(n);
for (int i = 1; i < n; i++) {
int j = pi[i - 1];
while (j > 0 && t[i] != t[j]) j = pi[j - 1];
if (t[i] == t[j]) j++;
pi[i] = j;
}
return pi;
}
vector<int> calc_z(string t) { // z function of t
int m = t.length();
vector<int> z;
z.push_back(m);
pair<int, int> prev = {1, -1};
for (int i = 1; i < m; ++i) {
if (z[i - prev.first] + i <= prev.second) {
z.push_back(z[i - prev.first]);
} else {
int j = max(i, prev.second + 1);
while (j < m && t[j] == t[j - i]) ++j;
z.push_back(j - i);
prev = {i, j - 1};
}
}
return z;
}
vector<int> kmp(string s, string t) { // find all t in s
string cur = t + '#' + s;
int sz1 = s.size(), sz2 = t.size();
vector<int> v;
vector<int> lps = calc_next(cur);
for (int i = sz2 + 1; i <= sz1 + sz2; i++) {
if (lps[i] == sz2) v.push_back(i - 2 * sz2);
}
return v;
}
int period(string s) { // find the length of shortest recurring period
int n = s.length();
auto z = calc_z(s);
for (int i = 1; i <= n / 2; ++i) {
if (n % i == 0 && z[i] == n - i) {
return i;
}
}
return n;
}
/* modular arithmetic */
template <ll mdl> struct MLL {
ll val;
MLL(ll v = 0) : val(mod(v, mdl)) {}
MLL(const MLL<mdl>& other) : val(other.val) {}
friend MLL operator+(const MLL& lhs, const MLL& rhs) { return mod(lhs.val + rhs.val, mdl); }
friend MLL operator-(const MLL& lhs, const MLL& rhs) { return mod(lhs.val - rhs.val, mdl); }
friend MLL operator*(const MLL& lhs, const MLL& rhs) { return mod(lhs.val * rhs.val, mdl); }
friend MLL operator/(const MLL& lhs, const MLL& rhs) { return mod(lhs.val * mod(inverse(rhs.val, mdl), mdl), mdl); }
friend MLL operator%(const MLL& lhs, const MLL& rhs) { return mod(lhs.val - (lhs / rhs).val, mdl); }
friend bool operator==(const MLL& lhs, const MLL& rhs) { return lhs.val == rhs.val; }
friend bool operator!=(const MLL& lhs, const MLL& rhs) { return lhs.val != rhs.val; }
void operator+=(const MLL& rhs) { val = (*this + rhs).val; }
void operator-=(const MLL& rhs) { val = (*this - rhs).val; }
void operator*=(const MLL& rhs) { val = (*this * rhs).val; }
void operator/=(const MLL& rhs) { val = (*this / rhs).val; }
void operator%=(const MLL& rhs) { val = (*this % rhs).val; }
};
template <ll mdl>
ostream& operator<<(ostream& out, const MLL<mdl>& num) {
return out << num.val;
}
template <ll mdl>
istream& operator>>(istream& in, MLL<mdl>& num) {
return in >> num.val;
}
// miscancellous
template <typename T, typename U>
bool chmax(T& lhs, const U& rhs) {
bool ret = lhs < rhs;
if (ret) {
lhs = rhs;
}
return ret;
}
template <typename T, typename U>
bool chmin(T& lhs, const U& rhs) {
bool ret = lhs > rhs;
if (ret) {
lhs = rhs;
}
return ret;
}
#define functor(func) ([&](auto&&... val) \
noexcept(noexcept(func(std::forward<decltype(val)>(val)...))) -> decltype(auto) \
{return func(std::forward<decltype(val)>(val)...);})
#define expr(ret, ...) ([&] (__VA_ARGS__) { return (ret); })
template <typename Func, typename RandomIt> void sort_by_key(RandomIt first, RandomIt last, Func extractor) {
std::sort(first, last, [&] (auto&& a, auto&& b) { return std::less<>()(extractor(a), extractor(b)); });
}
template <typename Func, typename RandomIt, typename Compare> void sort_by_key(RandomIt first, RandomIt last, Func extractor, Compare comp) {
std::sort(first, last, [&] (auto&& a, auto&& b) { return comp(extractor(a), extractor(b)); });
}
template <typename T, typename U, typename Iterator_T, typename Iterator_U>
vector<pair<T, U>> zip(Iterator_T a_first, Iterator_T a_last, Iterator_U b_first, Iterator_U b_last) {
vector<pair<T, U>> res;
auto a_it = a_first;
auto b_it = b_first;
for (; not (a_it == a_last) and not (b_it == b_last); ++a_it, ++b_it) {
res.emplace_back(*a_it, *b_it);
}
return res;
}
template <typename T, typename U, typename Iterator_T, typename Iterator_U>
vector<pair<T, U>> zip_n(Iterator_T a_first, Iterator_U b_first, size_t n) {
vector<pair<T, U>> res;
if (n > 0) {
res.emplace_back(*a_first, *b_first);
for (size_t i = 1; i != n; ++i) {
res.emplace_back(*++a_first, *++b_first);
}
}
return res;
}
template <typename T>
class ArithmeticIterator : bidirectional_iterator_tag {
public:
using difference_type = ptrdiff_t;
using value_type = T;
private:
value_type value;
public:
ArithmeticIterator(const T& value) : value(value) {}
value_type operator*() const { return value; }
ArithmeticIterator<T>& operator++() { ++value; return *this; }
ArithmeticIterator<T>& operator--() { --value; return *this; }
bool operator==(const ArithmeticIterator<T>& rhs) const { return value == rhs.value; }
};
template <typename T> vector<pair<int, T>> enumerate(const vector<T>& container) {
return zip<int, T>(ArithmeticIterator<int>(0), ArithmeticIterator<int>(INT_MAX), container.begin(), container.end());
}
#define initarray(init, N) (__initarray<decay<decltype(init)>::type, (N)>(init))
namespace detail {
template <typename T, std::size_t...Is>
constexpr std::array<T, sizeof...(Is)>
make_array(const T& value, std::index_sequence<Is...>) {
return {{(static_cast<void>(Is), value)...}};
}
}
template <typename T, std::size_t N>
constexpr std::array<T, N> __initarray(const T& value) {
return detail::make_array(value, std::make_index_sequence<N>());
}
/*******************************************************/
#define SINGLE_TEST_CASE
// #define DUMP_TEST_CASE 7219
// #define TOT_TEST_CASE 10000
void dump() {}
void dump_ignore() {}
void prep() {
}
constexpr int N = 21;
int dp[1 << N];
// __attribute__((target("popcnt")))
void solve() {
read(int, n, m);
readvec(int, a, n);
for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
dp[n - i - 1] = a[i];
}
for (int i = 0; i < N; ++i) {
for (int j = 0; j < (1 << N); ++j) {
if (j >> i & 1) {
dp[j] ^= dp[j ^ (1 << i)];
}
}
}
for (int i = 0; i < m; ++i) {
cout << dp[((1 << N) - 1) ^ i] << " \n"[i + 1 == m];
}
}
int main() {
#if __cplusplus < 201402L or defined(_MSC_VER) and not defined(__clang__)
assert(false && "incompatible compiler variant detected.");
#endif
untie;
prep();
#ifdef SINGLE_TEST_CASE
solve();
#else
read(int, t);
for (int i = 0; i < t; ++i) {
#ifdef DUMP_TEST_CASE
if (t != (TOT_TEST_CASE)) {
solve();
} else if (i + 1 == (DUMP_TEST_CASE)) {
dump();
} else {
dump_ignore();
}
#else
solve();
#endif
}
#endif
}

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// #pragma GCC target("popcnt,lzcnt,abm,bmi,bmi2")
#pragma GCC optimize("Ofast")
/************* This code requires C++17. ***************/
#include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
/* macro helpers */
#define __NARGS(...) std::tuple_size<decltype(std::make_tuple(__VA_ARGS__))>::value
#define __DECOMPOSE_S(a, x) auto x = a;
#define __DECOMPOSE_N(a, ...) auto [__VA_ARGS__] = a;
constexpr void __() {}
#define __AS_PROCEDURE(...) __(); __VA_ARGS__; __()
#define __as_typeof(container) remove_reference<decltype(container)>::type
/* type aliases */
#if LONG_LONG_MAX != INT64_MAX
using ll = int64_t;
using ull = uint64_t;
#else
using ll = long long;
using ull = unsigned long long;
#endif
using int128 = __int128_t;
using uint128 = __uint128_t;
using ld = long double;
using pii = pair<int, int>; using pil = pair<int, ll>; using pid = pair<int, ld>;
using pli = pair<ll, int>; using pll = pair<ll, ll>; using pld = pair<ll, ld>;
using pdi = pair<ld, int>; using pdl = pair<ld, ll>; using pdd = pair<ld, ld>;
using tiii = tuple<int, int, int>; using tiil = tuple<int, int, ll>; using tiid = tuple<int, int, ld>;
using tili = tuple<int, ll, int>; using till = tuple<int, ll, ll>; using tild = tuple<int, ll, ld>;
using tidi = tuple<int, ld, int>; using tidl = tuple<int, ld, ll>; using tidd = tuple<int, ld, ld>;
using tlii = tuple<ll, int, int>; using tlil = tuple<ll, int, ll>; using tlid = tuple<ll, int, ld>;
using tlli = tuple<ll, ll, int>; using tlll = tuple<ll, ll, ll>; using tlld = tuple<ll, ll, ld>;
using tldi = tuple<ll, ld, int>; using tldl = tuple<ll, ld, ll>; using tldd = tuple<ll, ld, ld>;
using tdii = tuple<ld, int, int>; using tdil = tuple<ld, int, ll>; using tdid = tuple<ld, int, ld>;
using tdli = tuple<ld, ll, int>; using tdll = tuple<ld, ll, ll>; using tdld = tuple<ld, ll, ld>;
using tddi = tuple<ld, ld, int>; using tddl = tuple<ld, ld, ll>; using tddd = tuple<ld, ld, ld>;
template <typename T> using max_heap = priority_queue<T>;
template <typename T> using min_heap = priority_queue<T, vector<T>, greater<>>;
template <typename T> using oi = ostream_iterator<T>;
template <typename T> using ii = istream_iterator<T>;
/* constants */
constexpr int INF = 0x3f3f3f3f;
constexpr ll INFLL = 0x3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3fLL;
constexpr ll MDL = 1e9 + 7;
constexpr ll PRIME = 998'244'353;
constexpr ll MDL1 = 8784491;
constexpr ll MDL2 = PRIME;
constexpr int128 INT128_MAX = numeric_limits<int128>::max();
constexpr uint128 UINT128_MAX = numeric_limits<uint128>::max();
constexpr int128 INT128_MIN = numeric_limits<int128>::min();
constexpr uint128 UINT128_MIN = numeric_limits<uint128>::min();
/* random */
mt19937_64 rd(chrono::duration_cast<chrono::milliseconds>(chrono::system_clock::now().time_since_epoch()).count());
/* bit-wise operations */
#define lowbit(x) ((x) & -(x))
#define popcount(x) (__builtin_popcountll(ll(x)))
#define parity(x) (__builtin_parityll(ll(x)))
#define msp(x) (63LL - __builtin_clzll(ll(x)))
#define lsp(x) (__builtin_ctzll(ll(x)))
/* arithmetic operations */
#define mod(x, y) ((((x) % (y)) + (y)) % (y))
/* fast pairs */
#define upair ull
#define umake(x, y) (ull(x) << 32 | (ull(y) & ((1ULL << 32) - 1)))
#define u1(p) ((p) >> 32)
#define u2(p) ((p) & ((1ULL << 32) - 1))
#define ult std::less<upair>
#define ugt std::greater<upair>
#define ipair ull
#define imake(x, y) (umake(x, y))
#define i1(p) (int(u1(ll(p))))
#define i2(p) (ll(u2(p) << 32) >> 32)
struct ilt {
bool operator()(const ipair& a, const ipair& b) const {
if (i1(a) == i1(b)) return i2(a) < i2(b);
else return i1(a) < i1(b);
}
};
struct igt {
bool operator()(const ipair& a, const ipair& b) const {
if (i1(a) == i1(b)) return i2(a) > i2(b);
else return i1(a) > i1(b);
}
};
/* conditions */
#define loop while (1)
#define if_or(var, val) if (!(var == val)) var = val; else
#define continue_or(var, val) __AS_PROCEDURE(if (var == val) continue; var = val;)
#define break_or(var, val) __AS_PROCEDURE(if (var == val) break; var = val;)
/* hash */
struct safe_hash {
// https://codeforces.com/blog/entry/62393
static uint64_t splitmix64(uint64_t x) {
// http://xorshift.di.unimi.it/splitmix64.c
x += 0x9e3779b97f4a7c15;
x = (x ^ (x >> 30)) * 0xbf58476d1ce4e5b9;
x = (x ^ (x >> 27)) * 0x94d049bb133111eb;
return x ^ (x >> 31);
}
size_t operator()(uint64_t x) const {
static const uint64_t FIXED_RANDOM = chrono::steady_clock::now().time_since_epoch().count();
return splitmix64(x + FIXED_RANDOM);
}
};
struct pair_hash {
template <typename T, typename U>
size_t operator()(const pair<T, U>& a) const {
auto hash1 = safe_hash()(a.first);
auto hash2 = safe_hash()(a.second);
if (hash1 != hash2) {
return hash1 ^ hash2;
}
return hash1;
}
};
uniform_int_distribution<mt19937::result_type> dist(PRIME);
const size_t __array_hash_b = 31, __array_hash_mdl1 = dist(rd), __array_hash_mdl2 = dist(rd);
struct array_hash {
template <typename Sequence>
size_t operator()(const Sequence& arr) const {
size_t pw1 = 1, pw2 = 1;
size_t res1 = 0, res2 = 0;
for (auto&& x : arr) {
res1 = (res1 + x * pw1) % __array_hash_mdl1;
res2 = (res2 + x * pw2) % __array_hash_mdl2;
pw1 = (pw1 * __array_hash_b) % __array_hash_mdl1;
pw2 = (pw2 * __array_hash_b) % __array_hash_mdl2;
}
return res1 + res2;
}
};
/* build data structures */
#define faster(um) __AS_PROCEDURE((um).reserve(1024); (um).max_load_factor(0.25);)
#define unordered_counter(from, to) __AS_PROCEDURE(unordered_map<__as_typeof(from), size_t, safe_hash> to; for (auto&& x : from) ++to[x];)
#define counter(from, to, cmp) __AS_PROCEDURE(map<__as_typeof(from), size_t, cmp> to; for (auto&& x : from) ++to[x];)
#define pa(a) __AS_PROCEDURE(__typeof(a) pa; pa.push_back({}); for (auto&&x : a) pa.push_back(pa.back() + x);)
#define sa(a) __AS_PROCEDURE(__typeof(a) sa(a.size() + 1); {int n = a.size(); for (int i = n - 1; i >= 0; --i) sa[i] = sa[i + 1] + a[i];};)
#define adj(ch, n) __AS_PROCEDURE(vector<vector<int>> ch((n) + 1);)
#define edge(ch, u, v) __AS_PROCEDURE(ch[u].push_back(v), ch[v].push_back(u);)
#define edgew(ch, u, v, ...) __AS_PROCEDURE(ch[u].emplace_back(v, __VA_ARGS__), ch[v].emplace_back(u, __VA_ARGS__);)
#define Edge(ch, u, v) __AS_PROCEDURE(ch[u].push_back(v);)
#define Edgew(ch, u, v, ...) __AS_PROCEDURE(ch[u].emplace_back(v, __VA_ARGS__);)
template <typename T, typename Iterator> pair<size_t, map<T, size_t>> discretize(Iterator __first, Iterator __last) {
set<T> st(__first, __last);
size_t N = 0;
map<T, size_t> mp;
for (auto&& x : st) mp[x] = ++N;
return {N, mp};
}
template <typename T, typename Iterator> pair<size_t, unordered_map<T, size_t, safe_hash>> unordered_discretize(Iterator __first, Iterator __last) {
set<T> st(__first, __last);
size_t N = 0;
unordered_map<T, size_t, safe_hash> mp;
for (auto&& x : st) mp[x] = ++N;
return {N, mp};
}
/* io */
#define untie __AS_PROCEDURE(ios_base::sync_with_stdio(0), cin.tie(NULL))
template<typename T, typename U> istream& operator>>(istream& in, pair<T, U>& p) {
return in >> p.first >> p.second;
}
template<typename T, typename U> ostream& operator<<(ostream& out, const pair<T, U>& p) {
out << "{" << p.first << ", " << p.second << "}";
return out;
}
template<typename Char, typename Traits, typename Tuple, std::size_t... Index>
void print_tuple_impl(std::basic_ostream<Char, Traits>& os, const Tuple& t, std::index_sequence<Index...>) {
using swallow = int[]; // guaranties left to right order
(void)swallow { 0, (void(os << (Index == 0 ? "" : ", ") << std::get<Index>(t)), 0)... };
}
template<typename Char, typename Traits, typename... Args>
decltype(auto) operator<<(std::basic_ostream<Char, Traits>& os, const std::tuple<Args...>& t) {
os << "{";
print_tuple_impl(os, t, std::index_sequence_for<Args...>{});
return os << "}";
}
template<typename T> ostream& operator<<(ostream& out, const vector<T>& vec) {
for (auto&& i : vec) out << i << ' ';
return out;
}
std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& dest, const int128& value) {
// https://stackoverflow.com/a/25115163/23881100
std::ostream::sentry s( dest );
if ( s ) {
uint128 tmp = value < 0 ? -value : value;
char buffer[ 128 ];
char* d = std::end( buffer );
do {
-- d;
*d = "0123456789"[ tmp % 10 ];
tmp /= 10;
} while ( tmp != 0 );
if ( value < 0 ) {
-- d;
*d = '-';
}
int len = std::end( buffer ) - d;
if ( dest.rdbuf()->sputn( d, len ) != len ) {
dest.setstate( std::ios_base::badbit );
}
}
return dest;
}
template<typename T> void __read(T& x) { cin >> x; }
template<typename T, typename... U> void __read(T& x, U&... args) { cin >> x; __read(args...); }
#define read(type, ...) __AS_PROCEDURE(type __VA_ARGS__; __read(__VA_ARGS__);)
#define readvec(type, a, n) __AS_PROCEDURE(vector<type> a(n); for (auto& x : a) cin >> x;)
#define readvec1(type, a, n) __AS_PROCEDURE(vector<type> a((n) + 1); copy_n(ii<type>(cin), (n), a.begin() + 1);)
#define putvec(a) __AS_PROCEDURE(copy(a.begin(), a.end(), oi<__as_typeof(a)::value_type>(cout, " ")); cout << endl;)
#define putvec1(a) __AS_PROCEDURE(copy(a.begin() + 1, a.end(), oi<__as_typeof(a)::value_type>(cout, " ")); cout << endl;)
#define putvec_eol(a) __AS_PROCEDURE(copy(a.begin(), a.end(), oi<__as_typeof(a)::value_type>(cout, "\n"));)
#define putvec1_eol(a) __AS_PROCEDURE(copy(a.begin() + 1, a.end(), oi<__as_typeof(a)::value_type>(cout, "\n"));)
#define debug(x) __AS_PROCEDURE(cerr << #x" = " << (x) << endl;)
#define debugvec(a) __AS_PROCEDURE(cerr << #a" = "; for (auto&& x : a) cerr << x << ' '; cerr << endl;)
#define deb(...) debug(make_tuple(__VA_ARGS__))
/* pops */
#define poptop(q, ...) __AS_PROCEDURE(auto [__VA_ARGS__] = q.top(); q.pop();)
#define popback(q, ...) __AS_PROCEDURE(auto [__VA_ARGS__] = q.back(); q.pop_back();)
#define popfront(q, ...) __AS_PROCEDURE(auto [__VA_ARGS__] = q.front();q.pop_front();)
/* math */
template <typename return_t>
return_t qpow(ll b, ll p) {
if (b == 0 and p != 0) return 0;
if (p == 0) return 1;
return_t half = qpow<return_t>(b, p / 2);
if (p % 2 == 1) return half * half * b;
else return half * half;
}
#define comb(n, k) ((n) < 0 or (k) < 0 or (n) < (k) ? 0 : fact[n] / fact[k] / fact[(n) - (k)])
#define fastcomb(n, k) ((n) < 0 or (k) < 0 or (n) < (k) ? 0 : fact[n] * factrev[k] * factrev[(n) - (k)])
constexpr inline int lg2(ll x) { return x == 0 ? -1 : sizeof(ll) * 8 - 1 - __builtin_clzll(x); }
void __exgcd(ll a, ll b, ll& x, ll& y) {
if (b == 0) {
x = 1, y = 0;
return;
}
__exgcd(b, a % b, y, x);
y -= a / b * x;
}
ll inverse(ll a, ll b) {
ll x, y;
__exgcd(a, b, x, y);
return mod(x, b);
}
vector<tuple<int, int, ll>> decompose(ll x) {
// return (factor, count, factor ** count)
vector<tuple<int, int, ll>> res;
for (int i = 2; i * i <= x; i++) {
if (x % i == 0) {
int cnt = 0;
ll pw = 1;
while (x % i == 0) ++cnt, x /= i, pw *= i;
res.emplace_back(i, cnt, pw);
}
}
if (x != 1) {
res.emplace_back(x, 1, x);
}
return res;
}
vector<pii> decompose_prime(int N) {
// return (factor, count)
vector<pii> result;
for (int i = 2; i * i <= N; i++) {
if (N % i == 0) {
int cnt = 0;
while (N % i == 0) N /= i, ++cnt;
result.emplace_back(i, cnt);
}
}
if (N != 1) {
result.emplace_back(N, 1);
}
return result;
}
/* string algorithms */
vector<int> calc_next(string t) { // pi function of t
int n = (int)t.length();
vector<int> pi(n);
for (int i = 1; i < n; i++) {
int j = pi[i - 1];
while (j > 0 && t[i] != t[j]) j = pi[j - 1];
if (t[i] == t[j]) j++;
pi[i] = j;
}
return pi;
}
vector<int> calc_z(string t) { // z function of t
int m = t.length();
vector<int> z;
z.push_back(m);
pair<int, int> prev = {1, -1};
for (int i = 1; i < m; ++i) {
if (z[i - prev.first] + i <= prev.second) {
z.push_back(z[i - prev.first]);
} else {
int j = max(i, prev.second + 1);
while (j < m && t[j] == t[j - i]) ++j;
z.push_back(j - i);
prev = {i, j - 1};
}
}
return z;
}
vector<int> kmp(string s, string t) { // find all t in s
string cur = t + '#' + s;
int sz1 = s.size(), sz2 = t.size();
vector<int> v;
vector<int> lps = calc_next(cur);
for (int i = sz2 + 1; i <= sz1 + sz2; i++) {
if (lps[i] == sz2) v.push_back(i - 2 * sz2);
}
return v;
}
int period(string s) { // find the length of shortest recurring period
int n = s.length();
auto z = calc_z(s);
for (int i = 1; i <= n / 2; ++i) {
if (n % i == 0 && z[i] == n - i) {
return i;
}
}
return n;
}
/* modular arithmetic */
template <ll mdl> struct MLL {
ll val;
MLL(ll v = 0) : val(mod(v, mdl)) {}
MLL(const MLL<mdl>& other) : val(other.val) {}
friend MLL operator+(const MLL& lhs, const MLL& rhs) { return mod(lhs.val + rhs.val, mdl); }
friend MLL operator-(const MLL& lhs, const MLL& rhs) { return mod(lhs.val - rhs.val, mdl); }
friend MLL operator*(const MLL& lhs, const MLL& rhs) { return mod(lhs.val * rhs.val, mdl); }
friend MLL operator/(const MLL& lhs, const MLL& rhs) { return mod(lhs.val * mod(inverse(rhs.val, mdl), mdl), mdl); }
friend MLL operator%(const MLL& lhs, const MLL& rhs) { return mod(lhs.val - (lhs / rhs).val, mdl); }
friend bool operator==(const MLL& lhs, const MLL& rhs) { return lhs.val == rhs.val; }
friend bool operator!=(const MLL& lhs, const MLL& rhs) { return lhs.val != rhs.val; }
void operator+=(const MLL& rhs) { val = (*this + rhs).val; }
void operator-=(const MLL& rhs) { val = (*this - rhs).val; }
void operator*=(const MLL& rhs) { val = (*this * rhs).val; }
void operator/=(const MLL& rhs) { val = (*this / rhs).val; }
void operator%=(const MLL& rhs) { val = (*this % rhs).val; }
};
template <ll mdl>
ostream& operator<<(ostream& out, const MLL<mdl>& num) {
return out << num.val;
}
template <ll mdl>
istream& operator>>(istream& in, MLL<mdl>& num) {
return in >> num.val;
}
// miscancellous
template <typename T, typename U>
bool chmax(T& lhs, const U& rhs) {
bool ret = lhs < rhs;
if (ret) {
lhs = rhs;
}
return ret;
}
template <typename T, typename U>
bool chmin(T& lhs, const U& rhs) {
bool ret = lhs > rhs;
if (ret) {
lhs = rhs;
}
return ret;
}
#define functor(func) ([&](auto&&... val) \
noexcept(noexcept(func(std::forward<decltype(val)>(val)...))) -> decltype(auto) \
{return func(std::forward<decltype(val)>(val)...);})
#define expr(ret, ...) ([&] (__VA_ARGS__) { return (ret); })
template <typename Func, typename RandomIt> void sort_by_key(RandomIt first, RandomIt last, Func extractor) {
std::sort(first, last, [&] (auto&& a, auto&& b) { return std::less<>()(extractor(a), extractor(b)); });
}
template <typename Func, typename RandomIt, typename Compare> void sort_by_key(RandomIt first, RandomIt last, Func extractor, Compare comp) {
std::sort(first, last, [&] (auto&& a, auto&& b) { return comp(extractor(a), extractor(b)); });
}
template <typename T, typename U, typename Iterator_T, typename Iterator_U>
vector<pair<T, U>> zip(Iterator_T a_first, Iterator_T a_last, Iterator_U b_first, Iterator_U b_last) {
vector<pair<T, U>> res;
auto a_it = a_first;
auto b_it = b_first;
for (; not (a_it == a_last) and not (b_it == b_last); ++a_it, ++b_it) {
res.emplace_back(*a_it, *b_it);
}
return res;
}
template <typename T, typename U, typename Iterator_T, typename Iterator_U>
vector<pair<T, U>> zip_n(Iterator_T a_first, Iterator_U b_first, size_t n) {
vector<pair<T, U>> res;
if (n > 0) {
res.emplace_back(*a_first, *b_first);
for (size_t i = 1; i != n; ++i) {
res.emplace_back(*++a_first, *++b_first);
}
}
return res;
}
template <typename T>
class ArithmeticIterator : bidirectional_iterator_tag {
public:
using difference_type = ptrdiff_t;
using value_type = T;
private:
value_type value;
public:
ArithmeticIterator(const T& value) : value(value) {}
value_type operator*() const { return value; }
ArithmeticIterator<T>& operator++() { ++value; return *this; }
ArithmeticIterator<T>& operator--() { --value; return *this; }
bool operator==(const ArithmeticIterator<T>& rhs) const { return value == rhs.value; }
};
template <typename T> vector<pair<int, T>> enumerate(const vector<T>& container) {
return zip<int, T>(ArithmeticIterator<int>(0), ArithmeticIterator<int>(INT_MAX), container.begin(), container.end());
}
#define initarray(init, N) (__initarray<decay<decltype(init)>::type, (N)>(init))
namespace detail {
template <typename T, std::size_t...Is>
constexpr std::array<T, sizeof...(Is)>
make_array(const T& value, std::index_sequence<Is...>) {
return {{(static_cast<void>(Is), value)...}};
}
}
template <typename T, std::size_t N>
constexpr std::array<T, N> __initarray(const T& value) {
return detail::make_array(value, std::make_index_sequence<N>());
}
/*******************************************************/
#define SINGLE_TEST_CASE
// #define DUMP_TEST_CASE 7219
// #define TOT_TEST_CASE 10000
void dump() {}
void dump_ignore() {}
void prep() {
}
void fft(vector<complex<ld>>& y, bool idft) {
int n = y.size();
vector<int> rev(n);
for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
rev[i] = rev[i >> 1] >> 1;
if (i & 1) {
rev[i] |= n >> 1;
}
}
for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
if (i < rev[i]) {
swap(y[i], y[rev[i]]);
}
}
for (int h = 2; h <= n; h <<= 1) {
complex<ld> wn(cos(2 * M_PI / h), sin(2 * M_PI / h));
for (int j = 0; j < n; j += h) {
complex<ld> w(1);
for (int k = j; k < j + h / 2; ++k) {
complex<ld> u = y[k], t = w * y[k + h / 2];
y[k] = u + t;
y[k + h / 2] = u - t;
w *= wn;
}
}
}
if (idft) {
reverse(y.begin() + 1, y.end());
for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
y[i] /= n;
}
}
}
vector<ll> multiply(const vector<ll>& a, const vector<ll>& b) {
vector<complex<ld>> A(a.begin(), a.end()), B(b.begin(), b.end());
int n = 1;
while (n < a.size() + b.size()) n <<= 1;
A.resize(n), B.resize(n);
fft(A, false), fft(B, false);
for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
A[i] *= B[i];
}
fft(A, true);
vector<ll> res(n);
transform(A.begin(), A.end(), res.begin(), expr(ll(round(x.real())), auto&& x));
res.resize(a.size() + b.size() - 1);
return res;
}
// __attribute__((target("popcnt")))
void solve() {
constexpr int N = 1e6;
read(int, n);
read(int, x);
readvec(int, a, n);
vector<int> cnt(x + 1);
vector<ll> poly_a(N + 1);
vector<ll> poly_b(N + 1);
for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
cnt[a[i]] += 1;
poly_a[a[i]] += 1;
poly_b[a[i]] += 1;
}
// debug(1);
auto twosum = multiply(poly_a, poly_b);
// debug(2);
// for (int i = 0; i <= x; ++i) {
// debug(twosum[i]);
// }
for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
int p = a[i];
if (twosum[x - p] != 0) {
ll invalid = 0;
if ((x - p) % 2 == 0) {
invalid += cnt[(x - p) / 2];
}
if (a[i] <= x - p) {
invalid += 2 * cnt[x - p - a[i]];
if (a[i] * 2 == x - p) {
invalid -= 2;
}
}
// deb(i, invalid);
if (twosum[x - p] - invalid > 0) {
vector<int> rev(N + 1);
for (int j = 0; j < n; ++j) {
if (j == i) continue;
if (x - p - a[j] >= 0 and rev[x - p - a[j]]) {
vector<int> res = { i + 1, j + 1, rev[x - p - a[j]] + 1 };
sort(res.begin(), res.end());
putvec(res);
return;
}
rev[a[j]] = j;
}
assert(false);
}
}
}
cout << -1 << '\n';
}
int main() {
#if __cplusplus < 201402L or defined(_MSC_VER) and not defined(__clang__)
assert(false && "incompatible compiler variant detected.");
#endif
untie;
prep();
#ifdef SINGLE_TEST_CASE
solve();
#else
read(int, t);
for (int i = 0; i < t; ++i) {
#ifdef DUMP_TEST_CASE
if (t != (TOT_TEST_CASE)) {
solve();
} else if (i + 1 == (DUMP_TEST_CASE)) {
dump();
} else {
dump_ignore();
}
#else
solve();
#endif
}
#endif
}

View File

@ -473,10 +473,25 @@ void prep() {
void solve() { void solve() {
read(int, n); read(int, n);
readvec(ll, a, n); readvec(ll, a, n);
for (int i = 0; i < n - 2; ++i) { ll sum = a[n - 1];
a[n - 2] -= a[i]; ll debt = 0;
for (int i = n - 2; ~i; --i) {
ll curr = sum / (n - 1 - i);
if (a[i] > curr) {
debt += a[i] - curr;
a[i] = curr;
} else {
ll use = min(debt, curr - a[i]);
a[i] += use;
debt -= use;
}
sum += a[i];
}
if (debt == 0) {
cout << "Yes\n";
} else {
cout << "No\n";
} }
cout << a[n - 1] - a[n - 2] << '\n';
} }
int main() { int main() {

View File

@ -458,7 +458,7 @@ constexpr std::array<T, N> __initarray(const T& value) {
} }
/*******************************************************/ /*******************************************************/
// #define SINGLE_TEST_CASE #define SINGLE_TEST_CASE
// #define DUMP_TEST_CASE 7219 // #define DUMP_TEST_CASE 7219
// #define TOT_TEST_CASE 10000 // #define TOT_TEST_CASE 10000
@ -469,59 +469,111 @@ void dump_ignore() {}
void prep() { void prep() {
} }
bool ask(const deque<int>& a) { void fft(vector<complex<ld>>& y, bool idft) {
cout << "? "; int n = y.size();
for (auto&& x : a) { vector<int> rev(n);
cout << x; for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
rev[i] = rev[i >> 1] >> 1;
if (i & 1) {
rev[i] |= n >> 1;
} }
cout << endl; }
read(int, res); for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
if (i < rev[i]) {
swap(y[i], y[rev[i]]);
}
}
for (int h = 2; h <= n; h <<= 1) {
complex<ld> wn(cos(2 * M_PI / h), sin(2 * M_PI / h));
for (int j = 0; j < n; j += h) {
complex<ld> w(1);
for (int k = j; k < j + h / 2; ++k) {
complex<ld> u = y[k], t = w * y[k + h / 2];
y[k] = u + t;
y[k + h / 2] = u - t;
w *= wn;
}
}
}
if (idft) {
reverse(y.begin() + 1, y.end());
for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
y[i] /= n;
}
}
}
vector<ll> multiply(const vector<ll>& a, const vector<ll>& b) {
vector<complex<ld>> A(a.begin(), a.end()), B(b.begin(), b.end());
int n = 1;
while (n < a.size() + b.size()) n <<= 1;
A.resize(n), B.resize(n);
fft(A, false), fft(B, false);
for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
A[i] *= B[i];
}
fft(A, true);
vector<ll> res(n);
transform(A.begin(), A.end(), res.begin(), expr(ll(round(x.real())), auto&& x));
res.resize(a.size() + b.size() - 1);
return res; return res;
} }
// __attribute__((target("popcnt"))) // __attribute__((target("popcnt")))
void solve() { void solve() {
constexpr int N = 1e6;
read(int, n); read(int, n);
if (ask(deque<int>(n, 1))) { read(int, x);
cout << "! "; readvec(int, a, n);
vector<int> cnt(x + 1);
vector<ll> poly_a(N + 1);
vector<ll> poly_b(N + 1);
for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) { for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
cout << 1; cnt[a[i]] += 1;
poly_a[a[i]] += 1;
poly_b[a[i]] += 1;
} }
cout << endl;
// debug(1);
auto twosum = multiply(poly_a, poly_b);
// debug(2);
// for (int i = 0; i <= x; ++i) {
// debug(twosum[i]);
// }
for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
int p = a[i];
if (twosum[x - p] != 0) {
ll invalid = 0;
if ((x - p) % 2 == 0) {
invalid += cnt[(x - p) / 2];
}
if (a[i] <= x - p) {
invalid += 2 * cnt[x - p - a[i]];
if (a[i] * 2 == x - p) {
invalid -= 2;
}
}
// deb(i, invalid);
if (twosum[x - p] - invalid > 0) {
vector<int> rev(N + 1);
for (int j = 0; j < n; ++j) {
if (j == i) continue;
if (x - p - a[j] >= 0 and rev[x - p - a[j]]) {
vector<int> res = { i + 1, j + 1, rev[x - p - a[j]] + 1 };
sort(res.begin(), res.end());
putvec(res);
return; return;
} }
deque<int> curr = { 0 }; rev[a[j]] = j;
int direction = 1;
while (curr.size() < n) {
if (direction) {
curr.emplace_back(0);
if (ask(curr)) {
;;
} else {
curr.pop_back();
curr.emplace_back(1);
if (ask(curr)) {
;;
} else {
curr.pop_back();
direction ^= 1;
} }
} assert(false);
} else {
curr.emplace_front(0);
if (ask(curr)) {
;;
} else {
curr.pop_front();
curr.emplace_front(1);
} }
} }
} }
cout << "! ";
for (auto&& x : curr) { cout << -1 << '\n';
cout << x;
}
cout << endl;
} }
int main() { int main() {

690
src/bin/cf-2022e2.cc Normal file
View File

@ -0,0 +1,690 @@
/// #pragma GCC target("popcnt,lzcnt,abm,bmi,bmi2")
#pragma GCC optimize("Ofast")
/************* This code requires C++17. ***************/
#include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
/* macro helpers */
#define __NARGS(...) std::tuple_size<decltype(std::make_tuple(__VA_ARGS__))>::value
#define __DECOMPOSE_S(a, x) auto x = a;
#define __DECOMPOSE_N(a, ...) auto [__VA_ARGS__] = a;
constexpr void __() {}
#define __AS_PROCEDURE(...) __(); __VA_ARGS__; __()
#define __as_typeof(container) remove_reference<decltype(container)>::type
/* type aliases */
#if LONG_LONG_MAX != INT64_MAX
using ll = int64_t;
using ull = uint64_t;
#else
using ll = long long;
using ull = unsigned long long;
#endif
using int128 = __int128_t;
using uint128 = __uint128_t;
using ld = long double;
using pii = pair<int, int>; using pil = pair<int, ll>; using pid = pair<int, ld>;
using pli = pair<ll, int>; using pll = pair<ll, ll>; using pld = pair<ll, ld>;
using pdi = pair<ld, int>; using pdl = pair<ld, ll>; using pdd = pair<ld, ld>;
using tiii = tuple<int, int, int>; using tiil = tuple<int, int, ll>; using tiid = tuple<int, int, ld>;
using tili = tuple<int, ll, int>; using till = tuple<int, ll, ll>; using tild = tuple<int, ll, ld>;
using tidi = tuple<int, ld, int>; using tidl = tuple<int, ld, ll>; using tidd = tuple<int, ld, ld>;
using tlii = tuple<ll, int, int>; using tlil = tuple<ll, int, ll>; using tlid = tuple<ll, int, ld>;
using tlli = tuple<ll, ll, int>; using tlll = tuple<ll, ll, ll>; using tlld = tuple<ll, ll, ld>;
using tldi = tuple<ll, ld, int>; using tldl = tuple<ll, ld, ll>; using tldd = tuple<ll, ld, ld>;
using tdii = tuple<ld, int, int>; using tdil = tuple<ld, int, ll>; using tdid = tuple<ld, int, ld>;
using tdli = tuple<ld, ll, int>; using tdll = tuple<ld, ll, ll>; using tdld = tuple<ld, ll, ld>;
using tddi = tuple<ld, ld, int>; using tddl = tuple<ld, ld, ll>; using tddd = tuple<ld, ld, ld>;
template <typename T> using max_heap = priority_queue<T>;
template <typename T> using min_heap = priority_queue<T, vector<T>, greater<>>;
template <typename T> using oi = ostream_iterator<T>;
template <typename T> using ii = istream_iterator<T>;
/* constants */
constexpr int INF = 0x3f3f3f3f;
constexpr ll INFLL = 0x3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3fLL;
constexpr ll MDL = 1e9 + 7;
constexpr ll PRIME = 998'244'353;
constexpr ll MDL1 = 8784491;
constexpr ll MDL2 = PRIME;
constexpr int128 INT128_MAX = numeric_limits<int128>::max();
constexpr uint128 UINT128_MAX = numeric_limits<uint128>::max();
constexpr int128 INT128_MIN = numeric_limits<int128>::min();
constexpr uint128 UINT128_MIN = numeric_limits<uint128>::min();
/* random */
mt19937_64 rd(chrono::duration_cast<chrono::milliseconds>(chrono::system_clock::now().time_since_epoch()).count());
/* bit-wise operations */
#define lowbit(x) ((x) & -(x))
#define popcount(x) (__builtin_popcountll(ll(x)))
#define parity(x) (__builtin_parityll(ll(x)))
#define msp(x) (63LL - __builtin_clzll(ll(x)))
#define lsp(x) (__builtin_ctzll(ll(x)))
/* arithmetic operations */
#define mod(x, y) ((((x) % (y)) + (y)) % (y))
/* fast pairs */
#define upair ull
#define umake(x, y) (ull(x) << 32 | (ull(y) & ((1ULL << 32) - 1)))
#define u1(p) ((p) >> 32)
#define u2(p) ((p) & ((1ULL << 32) - 1))
#define ult std::less<upair>
#define ugt std::greater<upair>
#define ipair ull
#define imake(x, y) (umake(x, y))
#define i1(p) (int(u1(ll(p))))
#define i2(p) (ll(u2(p) << 32) >> 32)
struct ilt {
bool operator()(const ipair& a, const ipair& b) const {
if (i1(a) == i1(b)) return i2(a) < i2(b);
else return i1(a) < i1(b);
}
};
struct igt {
bool operator()(const ipair& a, const ipair& b) const {
if (i1(a) == i1(b)) return i2(a) > i2(b);
else return i1(a) > i1(b);
}
};
/* conditions */
#define loop while (1)
#define if_or(var, val) if (!(var == val)) var = val; else
#define continue_or(var, val) __AS_PROCEDURE(if (var == val) continue; var = val;)
#define break_or(var, val) __AS_PROCEDURE(if (var == val) break; var = val;)
/* hash */
struct safe_hash {
// https://codeforces.com/blog/entry/62393
static uint64_t splitmix64(uint64_t x) {
// http://xorshift.di.unimi.it/splitmix64.c
x += 0x9e3779b97f4a7c15;
x = (x ^ (x >> 30)) * 0xbf58476d1ce4e5b9;
x = (x ^ (x >> 27)) * 0x94d049bb133111eb;
return x ^ (x >> 31);
}
size_t operator()(uint64_t x) const {
static const uint64_t FIXED_RANDOM = chrono::steady_clock::now().time_since_epoch().count();
return splitmix64(x + FIXED_RANDOM);
}
};
struct pair_hash {
template <typename T, typename U>
size_t operator()(const pair<T, U>& a) const {
auto hash1 = safe_hash()(a.first);
auto hash2 = safe_hash()(a.second);
if (hash1 != hash2) {
return hash1 ^ hash2;
}
return hash1;
}
};
uniform_int_distribution<mt19937::result_type> dist(PRIME);
const size_t __array_hash_b = 31, __array_hash_mdl1 = dist(rd), __array_hash_mdl2 = dist(rd);
struct array_hash {
template <typename Sequence>
size_t operator()(const Sequence& arr) const {
size_t pw1 = 1, pw2 = 1;
size_t res1 = 0, res2 = 0;
for (auto&& x : arr) {
res1 = (res1 + x * pw1) % __array_hash_mdl1;
res2 = (res2 + x * pw2) % __array_hash_mdl2;
pw1 = (pw1 * __array_hash_b) % __array_hash_mdl1;
pw2 = (pw2 * __array_hash_b) % __array_hash_mdl2;
}
return res1 + res2;
}
};
/* build data structures */
#define faster(um) __AS_PROCEDURE((um).reserve(1024); (um).max_load_factor(0.25);)
#define unordered_counter(from, to) __AS_PROCEDURE(unordered_map<__as_typeof(from), size_t, safe_hash> to; for (auto&& x : from) ++to[x];)
#define counter(from, to, cmp) __AS_PROCEDURE(map<__as_typeof(from), size_t, cmp> to; for (auto&& x : from) ++to[x];)
#define pa(a) __AS_PROCEDURE(__typeof(a) pa; pa.push_back({}); for (auto&&x : a) pa.push_back(pa.back() + x);)
#define sa(a) __AS_PROCEDURE(__typeof(a) sa(a.size() + 1); {int n = a.size(); for (int i = n - 1; i >= 0; --i) sa[i] = sa[i + 1] + a[i];};)
#define adj(ch, n) __AS_PROCEDURE(vector<vector<int>> ch((n) + 1);)
#define edge(ch, u, v) __AS_PROCEDURE(ch[u].push_back(v), ch[v].push_back(u);)
#define edgew(ch, u, v, ...) __AS_PROCEDURE(ch[u].emplace_back(v, __VA_ARGS__), ch[v].emplace_back(u, __VA_ARGS__);)
#define Edge(ch, u, v) __AS_PROCEDURE(ch[u].push_back(v);)
#define Edgew(ch, u, v, ...) __AS_PROCEDURE(ch[u].emplace_back(v, __VA_ARGS__);)
template <typename T, typename Iterator> pair<size_t, map<T, size_t>> discretize(Iterator __first, Iterator __last) {
set<T> st(__first, __last);
size_t N = 0;
map<T, size_t> mp;
for (auto&& x : st) mp[x] = ++N;
return {N, mp};
}
template <typename T, typename Iterator> pair<size_t, unordered_map<T, size_t, safe_hash>> unordered_discretize(Iterator __first, Iterator __last) {
set<T> st(__first, __last);
size_t N = 0;
unordered_map<T, size_t, safe_hash> mp;
for (auto&& x : st) mp[x] = ++N;
return {N, mp};
}
/* io */
#define untie __AS_PROCEDURE(ios_base::sync_with_stdio(0), cin.tie(NULL))
template<typename T, typename U> istream& operator>>(istream& in, pair<T, U>& p) {
return in >> p.first >> p.second;
}
template<typename T, typename U> ostream& operator<<(ostream& out, const pair<T, U>& p) {
out << "{" << p.first << ", " << p.second << "}";
return out;
}
template<typename Char, typename Traits, typename Tuple, std::size_t... Index>
void print_tuple_impl(std::basic_ostream<Char, Traits>& os, const Tuple& t, std::index_sequence<Index...>) {
using swallow = int[]; // guaranties left to right order
(void)swallow { 0, (void(os << (Index == 0 ? "" : ", ") << std::get<Index>(t)), 0)... };
}
template<typename Char, typename Traits, typename... Args>
decltype(auto) operator<<(std::basic_ostream<Char, Traits>& os, const std::tuple<Args...>& t) {
os << "{";
print_tuple_impl(os, t, std::index_sequence_for<Args...>{});
return os << "}";
}
template<typename T> ostream& operator<<(ostream& out, const vector<T>& vec) {
for (auto&& i : vec) out << i << ' ';
return out;
}
std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& dest, const int128& value) {
// https://stackoverflow.com/a/25115163/23881100
std::ostream::sentry s( dest );
if ( s ) {
uint128 tmp = value < 0 ? -value : value;
char buffer[ 128 ];
char* d = std::end( buffer );
do {
-- d;
*d = "0123456789"[ tmp % 10 ];
tmp /= 10;
} while ( tmp != 0 );
if ( value < 0 ) {
-- d;
*d = '-';
}
int len = std::end( buffer ) - d;
if ( dest.rdbuf()->sputn( d, len ) != len ) {
dest.setstate( std::ios_base::badbit );
}
}
return dest;
}
template<typename T> void __read(T& x) { cin >> x; }
template<typename T, typename... U> void __read(T& x, U&... args) { cin >> x; __read(args...); }
#define read(type, ...) __AS_PROCEDURE(type __VA_ARGS__; __read(__VA_ARGS__);)
#define readvec(type, a, n) __AS_PROCEDURE(vector<type> a(n); for (auto& x : a) cin >> x;)
#define readvec1(type, a, n) __AS_PROCEDURE(vector<type> a((n) + 1); copy_n(ii<type>(cin), (n), a.begin() + 1);)
#define putvec(a) __AS_PROCEDURE(copy(a.begin(), a.end(), oi<__as_typeof(a)::value_type>(cout, " ")); cout << endl;)
#define putvec1(a) __AS_PROCEDURE(copy(a.begin() + 1, a.end(), oi<__as_typeof(a)::value_type>(cout, " ")); cout << endl;)
#define putvec_eol(a) __AS_PROCEDURE(copy(a.begin(), a.end(), oi<__as_typeof(a)::value_type>(cout, "\n"));)
#define putvec1_eol(a) __AS_PROCEDURE(copy(a.begin() + 1, a.end(), oi<__as_typeof(a)::value_type>(cout, "\n"));)
#define debug(x) __AS_PROCEDURE(cerr << #x" = " << (x) << endl;)
#define debugvec(a) __AS_PROCEDURE(cerr << #a" = "; for (auto&& x : a) cerr << x << ' '; cerr << endl;)
#define deb(...) debug(make_tuple(__VA_ARGS__))
/* pops */
#define poptop(q, ...) __AS_PROCEDURE(auto [__VA_ARGS__] = q.top(); q.pop();)
#define popback(q, ...) __AS_PROCEDURE(auto [__VA_ARGS__] = q.back(); q.pop_back();)
#define popfront(q, ...) __AS_PROCEDURE(auto [__VA_ARGS__] = q.front();q.pop_front();)
/* math */
template <typename return_t>
return_t qpow(ll b, ll p) {
if (b == 0 and p != 0) return 0;
if (p == 0) return 1;
return_t half = qpow<return_t>(b, p / 2);
if (p % 2 == 1) return half * half * b;
else return half * half;
}
#define comb(n, k) ((n) < 0 or (k) < 0 or (n) < (k) ? 0 : fact[n] / fact[k] / fact[(n) - (k)])
#define fastcomb(n, k) ((n) < 0 or (k) < 0 or (n) < (k) ? 0 : fact[n] * factrev[k] * factrev[(n) - (k)])
constexpr inline int lg2(ll x) { return x == 0 ? -1 : sizeof(ll) * 8 - 1 - __builtin_clzll(x); }
void __exgcd(ll a, ll b, ll& x, ll& y) {
if (b == 0) {
x = 1, y = 0;
return;
}
__exgcd(b, a % b, y, x);
y -= a / b * x;
}
ll inverse(ll a, ll b) {
ll x, y;
__exgcd(a, b, x, y);
return mod(x, b);
}
vector<tuple<int, int, ll>> decompose(ll x) {
// return (factor, count, factor ** count)
vector<tuple<int, int, ll>> res;
for (int i = 2; i * i <= x; i++) {
if (x % i == 0) {
int cnt = 0;
ll pw = 1;
while (x % i == 0) ++cnt, x /= i, pw *= i;
res.emplace_back(i, cnt, pw);
}
}
if (x != 1) {
res.emplace_back(x, 1, x);
}
return res;
}
vector<pii> decompose_prime(int N) {
// return (factor, count)
vector<pii> result;
for (int i = 2; i * i <= N; i++) {
if (N % i == 0) {
int cnt = 0;
while (N % i == 0) N /= i, ++cnt;
result.emplace_back(i, cnt);
}
}
if (N != 1) {
result.emplace_back(N, 1);
}
return result;
}
/* string algorithms */
vector<int> calc_next(string t) { // pi function of t
int n = (int)t.length();
vector<int> pi(n);
for (int i = 1; i < n; i++) {
int j = pi[i - 1];
while (j > 0 && t[i] != t[j]) j = pi[j - 1];
if (t[i] == t[j]) j++;
pi[i] = j;
}
return pi;
}
vector<int> calc_z(string t) { // z function of t
int m = t.length();
vector<int> z;
z.push_back(m);
pair<int, int> prev = {1, -1};
for (int i = 1; i < m; ++i) {
if (z[i - prev.first] + i <= prev.second) {
z.push_back(z[i - prev.first]);
} else {
int j = max(i, prev.second + 1);
while (j < m && t[j] == t[j - i]) ++j;
z.push_back(j - i);
prev = {i, j - 1};
}
}
return z;
}
vector<int> kmp(string s, string t) { // find all t in s
string cur = t + '#' + s;
int sz1 = s.size(), sz2 = t.size();
vector<int> v;
vector<int> lps = calc_next(cur);
for (int i = sz2 + 1; i <= sz1 + sz2; i++) {
if (lps[i] == sz2) v.push_back(i - 2 * sz2);
}
return v;
}
int period(string s) { // find the length of shortest recurring period
int n = s.length();
auto z = calc_z(s);
for (int i = 1; i <= n / 2; ++i) {
if (n % i == 0 && z[i] == n - i) {
return i;
}
}
return n;
}
/* modular arithmetic */
template <ll mdl> struct MLL {
ll val;
MLL(ll v = 0) : val(mod(v, mdl)) {}
MLL(const MLL<mdl>& other) : val(other.val) {}
friend MLL operator+(const MLL& lhs, const MLL& rhs) { return mod(lhs.val + rhs.val, mdl); }
friend MLL operator-(const MLL& lhs, const MLL& rhs) { return mod(lhs.val - rhs.val, mdl); }
friend MLL operator*(const MLL& lhs, const MLL& rhs) { return mod(lhs.val * rhs.val, mdl); }
friend MLL operator/(const MLL& lhs, const MLL& rhs) { return mod(lhs.val * mod(inverse(rhs.val, mdl), mdl), mdl); }
friend MLL operator%(const MLL& lhs, const MLL& rhs) { return mod(lhs.val - (lhs / rhs).val, mdl); }
friend bool operator==(const MLL& lhs, const MLL& rhs) { return lhs.val == rhs.val; }
friend bool operator!=(const MLL& lhs, const MLL& rhs) { return lhs.val != rhs.val; }
void operator+=(const MLL& rhs) { val = (*this + rhs).val; }
void operator-=(const MLL& rhs) { val = (*this - rhs).val; }
void operator*=(const MLL& rhs) { val = (*this * rhs).val; }
void operator/=(const MLL& rhs) { val = (*this / rhs).val; }
void operator%=(const MLL& rhs) { val = (*this % rhs).val; }
};
template <ll mdl>
ostream& operator<<(ostream& out, const MLL<mdl>& num) {
return out << num.val;
}
template <ll mdl>
istream& operator>>(istream& in, MLL<mdl>& num) {
return in >> num.val;
}
// miscancellous
template <typename T, typename U>
bool chmax(T& lhs, const U& rhs) {
bool ret = lhs < rhs;
if (ret) {
lhs = rhs;
}
return ret;
}
template <typename T, typename U>
bool chmin(T& lhs, const U& rhs) {
bool ret = lhs > rhs;
if (ret) {
lhs = rhs;
}
return ret;
}
#define functor(func) ([&](auto&&... val) \
noexcept(noexcept(func(std::forward<decltype(val)>(val)...))) -> decltype(auto) \
{return func(std::forward<decltype(val)>(val)...);})
#define expr(ret, ...) ([&] (__VA_ARGS__) { return (ret); })
template <typename Func, typename RandomIt> void sort_by_key(RandomIt first, RandomIt last, Func extractor) {
std::sort(first, last, [&] (auto&& a, auto&& b) { return std::less<>()(extractor(a), extractor(b)); });
}
template <typename Func, typename RandomIt, typename Compare> void sort_by_key(RandomIt first, RandomIt last, Func extractor, Compare comp) {
std::sort(first, last, [&] (auto&& a, auto&& b) { return comp(extractor(a), extractor(b)); });
}
template <typename T, typename U, typename Iterator_T, typename Iterator_U>
vector<pair<T, U>> zip(Iterator_T a_first, Iterator_T a_last, Iterator_U b_first, Iterator_U b_last) {
vector<pair<T, U>> res;
auto a_it = a_first;
auto b_it = b_first;
for (; not (a_it == a_last) and not (b_it == b_last); ++a_it, ++b_it) {
res.emplace_back(*a_it, *b_it);
}
return res;
}
template <typename T, typename U, typename Iterator_T, typename Iterator_U>
vector<pair<T, U>> zip_n(Iterator_T a_first, Iterator_U b_first, size_t n) {
vector<pair<T, U>> res;
if (n > 0) {
res.emplace_back(*a_first, *b_first);
for (size_t i = 1; i != n; ++i) {
res.emplace_back(*++a_first, *++b_first);
}
}
return res;
}
template <typename T>
class ArithmeticIterator : bidirectional_iterator_tag {
public:
using difference_type = ptrdiff_t;
using value_type = T;
private:
value_type value;
public:
ArithmeticIterator(const T& value) : value(value) {}
value_type operator*() const { return value; }
ArithmeticIterator<T>& operator++() { ++value; return *this; }
ArithmeticIterator<T>& operator--() { --value; return *this; }
bool operator==(const ArithmeticIterator<T>& rhs) const { return value == rhs.value; }
};
template <typename T> vector<pair<int, T>> enumerate(const vector<T>& container) {
return zip<int, T>(ArithmeticIterator<int>(0), ArithmeticIterator<int>(INT_MAX), container.begin(), container.end());
}
#define initarray(init, N) (__initarray<decay<decltype(init)>::type, (N)>(init))
namespace detail {
template <typename T, std::size_t...Is>
constexpr std::array<T, sizeof...(Is)>
make_array(const T& value, std::index_sequence<Is...>) {
return {{(static_cast<void>(Is), value)...}};
}
}
template <typename T, std::size_t N>
constexpr std::array<T, N> __initarray(const T& value) {
return detail::make_array(value, std::make_index_sequence<N>());
}
/*******************************************************/
// #define SINGLE_TEST_CASE
// #define DUMP_TEST_CASE 7219
// #define TOT_TEST_CASE 10000
void dump() {}
void dump_ignore() {}
constexpr int N = 2e5 + 10;
ll pw[N];
static int DBG_CNT = 0;
void prep() {
pw[0] = 1;
for (int i = 1; i < N; ++i) {
DBG_CNT += 1;
pw[i] = (pw[i - 1] * 2) % MDL;
}
}
constexpr int M = 60;
int n, m;
bool stale[M];
int cnt[M];
int c[M][2 * N];
int fix[M][2 * N];
int exclusive[M][2 * N];
void init(void) {
for (int t = 0; t < M; ++t) {
stale[t] = cnt[t] = 0;
iota(c[t], c[t] + 2 * (n + m), 0);
for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
DBG_CNT += 1;
exclusive[t][i] = n + i;
exclusive[t][n + i] = i;
fix[t][i] = fix[t][n + i] = -1;
cnt[t] += 2;
}
for (int i = 0; i < m; ++i) {
DBG_CNT += 1;
exclusive[t][2 * n + i] = 2 * n + m + i;
exclusive[t][2 * n + m + i] = 2 * n + i;
fix[t][2 * n + i] = fix[t][2 * n + m + i] = -1;
cnt[t] += 2;
}
cnt[t] -= 4;
}
}
inline int _query(int t, int i) {
while (c[t][i] != i) {
DBG_CNT += 1;
i = c[t][i] = c[t][c[t][i]];
}
return i;
}
void _merge(int t, int i, int j) {
i = _query(t, i), j = _query(t, j);
if (stale[t] or i == j) return;
c[t][i] = j;
DBG_CNT += 1;
if (fix[t][i] == -1 and fix[t][j] == -1) {
cnt[t] -= 1;
} else if (fix[t][i] != -1 and fix[t][j] == -1) {
fix[t][j] = fix[t][i];
cnt[t] -= 1;
} else if (fix[t][i] == -1 and fix[t][j] != -1) {
cnt[t] -= 1;
} else if (fix[t][i] == fix[t][j]) {
;;
} else {
stale[t] = true;
}
if (_query(t, i) == _query(t, exclusive[t][i]) or _query(t, j) == _query(t, exclusive[t][j])) {
stale[t] = true;
}
}
void _add(int t, int row, int col, int value) {
int row0 = _query(t, row);
int row1 = _query(t, n + row);
int col0 = _query(t, 2 * n + col);
int col1 = _query(t, 2 * n + m + col);
DBG_CNT += 1;
if (row == 0) {
if (fix[t][col0] == value) {
stale[t] = true;
} else {
if (fix[t][col0] == -1) {
cnt[t] -= 2;
}
fix[t][col0] = 1 - value;
fix[t][col1] = value;
}
} else if (col == 0) {
if (fix[t][row0] == value) {
stale[t] = true;
} else {
if (fix[t][row0] == -1) {
cnt[t] -= 2;
}
fix[t][row0] = 1 - value;
fix[t][row1] = value;
}
} else {
if (value == 1) {
_merge(t, row0, col1);
_merge(t, row1, col0);
} else {
_merge(t, row0, col0);
_merge(t, row1, col1);
}
}
}
inline int _query(int t) {
DBG_CNT += 1;
return stale[t] ? -1 : cnt[t] / 2;
}
// __attribute__((target("popcnt")))
void solve() {
cin >> n >> m;
read(int, k, q);
init();
vector<int> choice(30, -1);
auto add = [&] (int i, int j, int x) {
if (i == 0 and j == 0) {
for (int k = 0; k < 30; ++k) {
choice[k] = x >> k & 1;
}
} else {
for (int k = 0; k < 30; ++k) {
_add(k, i, j, x >> k & 1);
_add(30 + k, i, j, (x >> k & 1) ^ 1);
}
}
};
auto query = [&] {
if (choice[0] == -1) {
ll res = 1;
for (int i = 0; i < 30; ++i) {
ll left = 0, right = 0;
bool left_stale = 0, right_stale = 0;
int curr_left = _query(i);
if (curr_left == -1) {
left_stale = 1;
}
left += curr_left;
int curr_right = _query(30 + i);
if (curr_right == -1) {
right_stale = 1;
}
right += curr_right;
ll curr = 0;
if (not left_stale) curr += pw[left];
if (not right_stale) curr += pw[right];
res *= curr % MDL;
res %= MDL;
}
return res;
} else {
ll res = 1;
for (int i = 0; i < 30; ++i) {
int curr = _query(30 * choice[i] + i);
if (curr == -1) {
return ll(0);
}
res *= pw[curr];
res %= MDL;
}
return res;
}
};
for (int i = 0; i < k; ++i) {
read(int, r, c, v);
--r, --c;
add(r, c, v);
}
cout << query() << '\n';
for (int i = 0; i < q; ++i) {
read(int, r, c, v);
--r, --c;
add(r, c, v);
cout << query() << '\n';
}
}
int main() {
#if __cplusplus < 201402L or defined(_MSC_VER) and not defined(__clang__)
assert(false && "incompatible compiler variant detected.");
#endif
untie;
prep();
#ifdef SINGLE_TEST_CASE
solve();
#else
read(int, t);
for (int i = 0; i < t; ++i) {
#ifdef DUMP_TEST_CASE
if (t != (TOT_TEST_CASE)) {
solve();
} else if (i + 1 == (DUMP_TEST_CASE)) {
dump();
} else {
dump_ignore();
}
#else
solve();
#endif
}
debug(DBG_CNT);
#endif
}

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// #pragma GCC target("popcnt,lzcnt,abm,bmi,bmi2")
#pragma GCC optimize("Ofast")
/************* This code requires C++17. ***************/
#include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
/* macro helpers */
#define __NARGS(...) std::tuple_size<decltype(std::make_tuple(__VA_ARGS__))>::value
#define __DECOMPOSE_S(a, x) auto x = a;
#define __DECOMPOSE_N(a, ...) auto [__VA_ARGS__] = a;
constexpr void __() {}
#define __AS_PROCEDURE(...) __(); __VA_ARGS__; __()
#define __as_typeof(container) remove_reference<decltype(container)>::type
/* type aliases */
#if LONG_LONG_MAX != INT64_MAX
using ll = int64_t;
using ull = uint64_t;
#else
using ll = long long;
using ull = unsigned long long;
#endif
using int128 = __int128_t;
using uint128 = __uint128_t;
using ld = long double;
using pii = pair<int, int>; using pil = pair<int, ll>; using pid = pair<int, ld>;
using pli = pair<ll, int>; using pll = pair<ll, ll>; using pld = pair<ll, ld>;
using pdi = pair<ld, int>; using pdl = pair<ld, ll>; using pdd = pair<ld, ld>;
using tiii = tuple<int, int, int>; using tiil = tuple<int, int, ll>; using tiid = tuple<int, int, ld>;
using tili = tuple<int, ll, int>; using till = tuple<int, ll, ll>; using tild = tuple<int, ll, ld>;
using tidi = tuple<int, ld, int>; using tidl = tuple<int, ld, ll>; using tidd = tuple<int, ld, ld>;
using tlii = tuple<ll, int, int>; using tlil = tuple<ll, int, ll>; using tlid = tuple<ll, int, ld>;
using tlli = tuple<ll, ll, int>; using tlll = tuple<ll, ll, ll>; using tlld = tuple<ll, ll, ld>;
using tldi = tuple<ll, ld, int>; using tldl = tuple<ll, ld, ll>; using tldd = tuple<ll, ld, ld>;
using tdii = tuple<ld, int, int>; using tdil = tuple<ld, int, ll>; using tdid = tuple<ld, int, ld>;
using tdli = tuple<ld, ll, int>; using tdll = tuple<ld, ll, ll>; using tdld = tuple<ld, ll, ld>;
using tddi = tuple<ld, ld, int>; using tddl = tuple<ld, ld, ll>; using tddd = tuple<ld, ld, ld>;
template <typename T> using max_heap = priority_queue<T>;
template <typename T> using min_heap = priority_queue<T, vector<T>, greater<>>;
template <typename T> using oi = ostream_iterator<T>;
template <typename T> using ii = istream_iterator<T>;
/* constants */
constexpr int INF = 0x3f3f3f3f;
constexpr ll INFLL = 0x3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3fLL;
constexpr ll MDL = 1e9 + 7;
constexpr ll PRIME = 998'244'353;
constexpr ll MDL1 = 8784491;
constexpr ll MDL2 = PRIME;
constexpr int128 INT128_MAX = numeric_limits<int128>::max();
constexpr uint128 UINT128_MAX = numeric_limits<uint128>::max();
constexpr int128 INT128_MIN = numeric_limits<int128>::min();
constexpr uint128 UINT128_MIN = numeric_limits<uint128>::min();
/* random */
mt19937_64 rd(chrono::duration_cast<chrono::milliseconds>(chrono::system_clock::now().time_since_epoch()).count());
/* bit-wise operations */
#define lowbit(x) ((x) & -(x))
#define popcount(x) (__builtin_popcountll(ll(x)))
#define parity(x) (__builtin_parityll(ll(x)))
#define msp(x) (63LL - __builtin_clzll(ll(x)))
#define lsp(x) (__builtin_ctzll(ll(x)))
/* arithmetic operations */
#define mod(x, y) ((((x) % (y)) + (y)) % (y))
/* fast pairs */
#define upair ull
#define umake(x, y) (ull(x) << 32 | (ull(y) & ((1ULL << 32) - 1)))
#define u1(p) ((p) >> 32)
#define u2(p) ((p) & ((1ULL << 32) - 1))
#define ult std::less<upair>
#define ugt std::greater<upair>
#define ipair ull
#define imake(x, y) (umake(x, y))
#define i1(p) (int(u1(ll(p))))
#define i2(p) (ll(u2(p) << 32) >> 32)
struct ilt {
bool operator()(const ipair& a, const ipair& b) const {
if (i1(a) == i1(b)) return i2(a) < i2(b);
else return i1(a) < i1(b);
}
};
struct igt {
bool operator()(const ipair& a, const ipair& b) const {
if (i1(a) == i1(b)) return i2(a) > i2(b);
else return i1(a) > i1(b);
}
};
/* conditions */
#define loop while (1)
#define if_or(var, val) if (!(var == val)) var = val; else
#define continue_or(var, val) __AS_PROCEDURE(if (var == val) continue; var = val;)
#define break_or(var, val) __AS_PROCEDURE(if (var == val) break; var = val;)
/* hash */
struct safe_hash {
// https://codeforces.com/blog/entry/62393
static uint64_t splitmix64(uint64_t x) {
// http://xorshift.di.unimi.it/splitmix64.c
x += 0x9e3779b97f4a7c15;
x = (x ^ (x >> 30)) * 0xbf58476d1ce4e5b9;
x = (x ^ (x >> 27)) * 0x94d049bb133111eb;
return x ^ (x >> 31);
}
size_t operator()(uint64_t x) const {
static const uint64_t FIXED_RANDOM = chrono::steady_clock::now().time_since_epoch().count();
return splitmix64(x + FIXED_RANDOM);
}
};
struct pair_hash {
template <typename T, typename U>
size_t operator()(const pair<T, U>& a) const {
auto hash1 = safe_hash()(a.first);
auto hash2 = safe_hash()(a.second);
if (hash1 != hash2) {
return hash1 ^ hash2;
}
return hash1;
}
};
uniform_int_distribution<mt19937::result_type> dist(PRIME);
const size_t __array_hash_b = 31, __array_hash_mdl1 = dist(rd), __array_hash_mdl2 = dist(rd);
struct array_hash {
template <typename Sequence>
size_t operator()(const Sequence& arr) const {
size_t pw1 = 1, pw2 = 1;
size_t res1 = 0, res2 = 0;
for (auto&& x : arr) {
res1 = (res1 + x * pw1) % __array_hash_mdl1;
res2 = (res2 + x * pw2) % __array_hash_mdl2;
pw1 = (pw1 * __array_hash_b) % __array_hash_mdl1;
pw2 = (pw2 * __array_hash_b) % __array_hash_mdl2;
}
return res1 + res2;
}
};
/* build data structures */
#define faster(um) __AS_PROCEDURE((um).reserve(1024); (um).max_load_factor(0.25);)
#define unordered_counter(from, to) __AS_PROCEDURE(unordered_map<__as_typeof(from), size_t, safe_hash> to; for (auto&& x : from) ++to[x];)
#define counter(from, to, cmp) __AS_PROCEDURE(map<__as_typeof(from), size_t, cmp> to; for (auto&& x : from) ++to[x];)
#define pa(a) __AS_PROCEDURE(__typeof(a) pa; pa.push_back({}); for (auto&&x : a) pa.push_back(pa.back() + x);)
#define sa(a) __AS_PROCEDURE(__typeof(a) sa(a.size() + 1); {int n = a.size(); for (int i = n - 1; i >= 0; --i) sa[i] = sa[i + 1] + a[i];};)
#define adj(ch, n) __AS_PROCEDURE(vector<vector<int>> ch((n) + 1);)
#define edge(ch, u, v) __AS_PROCEDURE(ch[u].push_back(v), ch[v].push_back(u);)
#define edgew(ch, u, v, ...) __AS_PROCEDURE(ch[u].emplace_back(v, __VA_ARGS__), ch[v].emplace_back(u, __VA_ARGS__);)
#define Edge(ch, u, v) __AS_PROCEDURE(ch[u].push_back(v);)
#define Edgew(ch, u, v, ...) __AS_PROCEDURE(ch[u].emplace_back(v, __VA_ARGS__);)
template <typename T, typename Iterator> pair<size_t, map<T, size_t>> discretize(Iterator __first, Iterator __last) {
set<T> st(__first, __last);
size_t N = 0;
map<T, size_t> mp;
for (auto&& x : st) mp[x] = ++N;
return {N, mp};
}
template <typename T, typename Iterator> pair<size_t, unordered_map<T, size_t, safe_hash>> unordered_discretize(Iterator __first, Iterator __last) {
set<T> st(__first, __last);
size_t N = 0;
unordered_map<T, size_t, safe_hash> mp;
for (auto&& x : st) mp[x] = ++N;
return {N, mp};
}
/* io */
#define untie __AS_PROCEDURE(ios_base::sync_with_stdio(0), cin.tie(NULL))
template<typename T, typename U> istream& operator>>(istream& in, pair<T, U>& p) {
return in >> p.first >> p.second;
}
template<typename T, typename U> ostream& operator<<(ostream& out, const pair<T, U>& p) {
out << "{" << p.first << ", " << p.second << "}";
return out;
}
template<typename Char, typename Traits, typename Tuple, std::size_t... Index>
void print_tuple_impl(std::basic_ostream<Char, Traits>& os, const Tuple& t, std::index_sequence<Index...>) {
using swallow = int[]; // guaranties left to right order
(void)swallow { 0, (void(os << (Index == 0 ? "" : ", ") << std::get<Index>(t)), 0)... };
}
template<typename Char, typename Traits, typename... Args>
decltype(auto) operator<<(std::basic_ostream<Char, Traits>& os, const std::tuple<Args...>& t) {
os << "{";
print_tuple_impl(os, t, std::index_sequence_for<Args...>{});
return os << "}";
}
template<typename T> ostream& operator<<(ostream& out, const vector<T>& vec) {
for (auto&& i : vec) out << i << ' ';
return out;
}
std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& dest, const int128& value) {
// https://stackoverflow.com/a/25115163/23881100
std::ostream::sentry s( dest );
if ( s ) {
uint128 tmp = value < 0 ? -value : value;
char buffer[ 128 ];
char* d = std::end( buffer );
do {
-- d;
*d = "0123456789"[ tmp % 10 ];
tmp /= 10;
} while ( tmp != 0 );
if ( value < 0 ) {
-- d;
*d = '-';
}
int len = std::end( buffer ) - d;
if ( dest.rdbuf()->sputn( d, len ) != len ) {
dest.setstate( std::ios_base::badbit );
}
}
return dest;
}
template<typename T> void __read(T& x) { cin >> x; }
template<typename T, typename... U> void __read(T& x, U&... args) { cin >> x; __read(args...); }
#define read(type, ...) __AS_PROCEDURE(type __VA_ARGS__; __read(__VA_ARGS__);)
#define readvec(type, a, n) __AS_PROCEDURE(vector<type> a(n); for (auto& x : a) cin >> x;)
#define readvec1(type, a, n) __AS_PROCEDURE(vector<type> a((n) + 1); copy_n(ii<type>(cin), (n), a.begin() + 1);)
#define putvec(a) __AS_PROCEDURE(copy(a.begin(), a.end(), oi<__as_typeof(a)::value_type>(cout, " ")); cout << endl;)
#define putvec1(a) __AS_PROCEDURE(copy(a.begin() + 1, a.end(), oi<__as_typeof(a)::value_type>(cout, " ")); cout << endl;)
#define putvec_eol(a) __AS_PROCEDURE(copy(a.begin(), a.end(), oi<__as_typeof(a)::value_type>(cout, "\n"));)
#define putvec1_eol(a) __AS_PROCEDURE(copy(a.begin() + 1, a.end(), oi<__as_typeof(a)::value_type>(cout, "\n"));)
#define debug(x) __AS_PROCEDURE(cerr << #x" = " << (x) << endl;)
#define debugvec(a) __AS_PROCEDURE(cerr << #a" = "; for (auto&& x : a) cerr << x << ' '; cerr << endl;)
#define deb(...) debug(make_tuple(__VA_ARGS__))
/* pops */
#define poptop(q, ...) __AS_PROCEDURE(auto [__VA_ARGS__] = q.top(); q.pop();)
#define popback(q, ...) __AS_PROCEDURE(auto [__VA_ARGS__] = q.back(); q.pop_back();)
#define popfront(q, ...) __AS_PROCEDURE(auto [__VA_ARGS__] = q.front();q.pop_front();)
/* math */
template <typename return_t>
return_t qpow(ll b, ll p) {
if (b == 0 and p != 0) return 0;
if (p == 0) return 1;
return_t half = qpow<return_t>(b, p / 2);
if (p % 2 == 1) return half * half * b;
else return half * half;
}
#define comb(n, k) ((n) < 0 or (k) < 0 or (n) < (k) ? 0 : fact[n] / fact[k] / fact[(n) - (k)])
#define fastcomb(n, k) ((n) < 0 or (k) < 0 or (n) < (k) ? 0 : fact[n] * factrev[k] * factrev[(n) - (k)])
constexpr inline int lg2(ll x) { return x == 0 ? -1 : sizeof(ll) * 8 - 1 - __builtin_clzll(x); }
void __exgcd(ll a, ll b, ll& x, ll& y) {
if (b == 0) {
x = 1, y = 0;
return;
}
__exgcd(b, a % b, y, x);
y -= a / b * x;
}
ll inverse(ll a, ll b) {
ll x, y;
__exgcd(a, b, x, y);
return mod(x, b);
}
vector<tuple<int, int, ll>> decompose(ll x) {
// return (factor, count, factor ** count)
vector<tuple<int, int, ll>> res;
for (int i = 2; i * i <= x; i++) {
if (x % i == 0) {
int cnt = 0;
ll pw = 1;
while (x % i == 0) ++cnt, x /= i, pw *= i;
res.emplace_back(i, cnt, pw);
}
}
if (x != 1) {
res.emplace_back(x, 1, x);
}
return res;
}
vector<pii> decompose_prime(int N) {
// return (factor, count)
vector<pii> result;
for (int i = 2; i * i <= N; i++) {
if (N % i == 0) {
int cnt = 0;
while (N % i == 0) N /= i, ++cnt;
result.emplace_back(i, cnt);
}
}
if (N != 1) {
result.emplace_back(N, 1);
}
return result;
}
/* string algorithms */
vector<int> calc_next(string t) { // pi function of t
int n = (int)t.length();
vector<int> pi(n);
for (int i = 1; i < n; i++) {
int j = pi[i - 1];
while (j > 0 && t[i] != t[j]) j = pi[j - 1];
if (t[i] == t[j]) j++;
pi[i] = j;
}
return pi;
}
vector<int> calc_z(string t) { // z function of t
int m = t.length();
vector<int> z;
z.push_back(m);
pair<int, int> prev = {1, -1};
for (int i = 1; i < m; ++i) {
if (z[i - prev.first] + i <= prev.second) {
z.push_back(z[i - prev.first]);
} else {
int j = max(i, prev.second + 1);
while (j < m && t[j] == t[j - i]) ++j;
z.push_back(j - i);
prev = {i, j - 1};
}
}
return z;
}
vector<int> kmp(string s, string t) { // find all t in s
string cur = t + '#' + s;
int sz1 = s.size(), sz2 = t.size();
vector<int> v;
vector<int> lps = calc_next(cur);
for (int i = sz2 + 1; i <= sz1 + sz2; i++) {
if (lps[i] == sz2) v.push_back(i - 2 * sz2);
}
return v;
}
int period(string s) { // find the length of shortest recurring period
int n = s.length();
auto z = calc_z(s);
for (int i = 1; i <= n / 2; ++i) {
if (n % i == 0 && z[i] == n - i) {
return i;
}
}
return n;
}
/* modular arithmetic */
template <ll mdl> struct MLL {
ll val;
MLL(ll v = 0) : val(mod(v, mdl)) {}
MLL(const MLL<mdl>& other) : val(other.val) {}
friend MLL operator+(const MLL& lhs, const MLL& rhs) { return mod(lhs.val + rhs.val, mdl); }
friend MLL operator-(const MLL& lhs, const MLL& rhs) { return mod(lhs.val - rhs.val, mdl); }
friend MLL operator*(const MLL& lhs, const MLL& rhs) { return mod(lhs.val * rhs.val, mdl); }
friend MLL operator/(const MLL& lhs, const MLL& rhs) { return mod(lhs.val * mod(inverse(rhs.val, mdl), mdl), mdl); }
friend MLL operator%(const MLL& lhs, const MLL& rhs) { return mod(lhs.val - (lhs / rhs).val, mdl); }
friend bool operator==(const MLL& lhs, const MLL& rhs) { return lhs.val == rhs.val; }
friend bool operator!=(const MLL& lhs, const MLL& rhs) { return lhs.val != rhs.val; }
void operator+=(const MLL& rhs) { val = (*this + rhs).val; }
void operator-=(const MLL& rhs) { val = (*this - rhs).val; }
void operator*=(const MLL& rhs) { val = (*this * rhs).val; }
void operator/=(const MLL& rhs) { val = (*this / rhs).val; }
void operator%=(const MLL& rhs) { val = (*this % rhs).val; }
};
template <ll mdl>
ostream& operator<<(ostream& out, const MLL<mdl>& num) {
return out << num.val;
}
template <ll mdl>
istream& operator>>(istream& in, MLL<mdl>& num) {
return in >> num.val;
}
// miscancellous
template <typename T, typename U>
bool chmax(T& lhs, const U& rhs) {
bool ret = lhs < rhs;
if (ret) {
lhs = rhs;
}
return ret;
}
template <typename T, typename U>
bool chmin(T& lhs, const U& rhs) {
bool ret = lhs > rhs;
if (ret) {
lhs = rhs;
}
return ret;
}
#define functor(func) ([&](auto&&... val) \
noexcept(noexcept(func(std::forward<decltype(val)>(val)...))) -> decltype(auto) \
{return func(std::forward<decltype(val)>(val)...);})
#define expr(ret, ...) ([&] (__VA_ARGS__) { return (ret); })
template <typename Func, typename RandomIt> void sort_by_key(RandomIt first, RandomIt last, Func extractor) {
std::sort(first, last, [&] (auto&& a, auto&& b) { return std::less<>()(extractor(a), extractor(b)); });
}
template <typename Func, typename RandomIt, typename Compare> void sort_by_key(RandomIt first, RandomIt last, Func extractor, Compare comp) {
std::sort(first, last, [&] (auto&& a, auto&& b) { return comp(extractor(a), extractor(b)); });
}
template <typename T, typename U, typename Iterator_T, typename Iterator_U>
vector<pair<T, U>> zip(Iterator_T a_first, Iterator_T a_last, Iterator_U b_first, Iterator_U b_last) {
vector<pair<T, U>> res;
auto a_it = a_first;
auto b_it = b_first;
for (; not (a_it == a_last) and not (b_it == b_last); ++a_it, ++b_it) {
res.emplace_back(*a_it, *b_it);
}
return res;
}
template <typename T, typename U, typename Iterator_T, typename Iterator_U>
vector<pair<T, U>> zip_n(Iterator_T a_first, Iterator_U b_first, size_t n) {
vector<pair<T, U>> res;
if (n > 0) {
res.emplace_back(*a_first, *b_first);
for (size_t i = 1; i != n; ++i) {
res.emplace_back(*++a_first, *++b_first);
}
}
return res;
}
template <typename T>
class ArithmeticIterator : bidirectional_iterator_tag {
public:
using difference_type = ptrdiff_t;
using value_type = T;
private:
value_type value;
public:
ArithmeticIterator(const T& value) : value(value) {}
value_type operator*() const { return value; }
ArithmeticIterator<T>& operator++() { ++value; return *this; }
ArithmeticIterator<T>& operator--() { --value; return *this; }
bool operator==(const ArithmeticIterator<T>& rhs) const { return value == rhs.value; }
};
template <typename T> vector<pair<int, T>> enumerate(const vector<T>& container) {
return zip<int, T>(ArithmeticIterator<int>(0), ArithmeticIterator<int>(INT_MAX), container.begin(), container.end());
}
#define initarray(init, N) (__initarray<decay<decltype(init)>::type, (N)>(init))
namespace detail {
template <typename T, std::size_t...Is>
constexpr std::array<T, sizeof...(Is)>
make_array(const T& value, std::index_sequence<Is...>) {
return {{(static_cast<void>(Is), value)...}};
}
}
template <typename T, std::size_t N>
constexpr std::array<T, N> __initarray(const T& value) {
return detail::make_array(value, std::make_index_sequence<N>());
}
/*******************************************************/
#define SINGLE_TEST_CASE
// #define DUMP_TEST_CASE 7219
// #define TOT_TEST_CASE 10000
void dump() {}
void dump_ignore() {}
using mll = MLL<PRIME>;
constexpr int N = 512;
mll fact[N], factrev[N];
void prep() {
fact[0] = factrev[0] = 1;
for (int i = 1; i < N; ++i) {
fact[i] = fact[i - 1] * i;
factrev[i] = 1 / fact[i];
}
}
// __attribute__((target("popcnt")))
void solve() {
read(int, n, m);
// f[i][j]: `m` items in total, the second player got `i`, and `j` unmatched
vector f(m + 1, vector<mll>(m + 1));
{
vector dp(m + 1, vector<mll>(m + 1));
f[0][0] = dp[0][0] = 1;
for (int i = 1; i <= m; ++i) {
vector ndp(m + 1, vector<mll>(m + 1));
for (int j = 0; j <= m; ++j) {
for (int k = 0; k <= m; ++k) {
// give this to the second player
if (j - 1 >= 0 and k - 1 >= 0) {
ndp[j][k] += dp[j - 1][k - 1];
}
// give this to the first player
if (k + 1 <= m) {
ndp[j][k] += dp[j][k + 1];
}
}
ndp[j][0] += dp[j][0];
}
dp = std::move(ndp);
}
f = std::move(dp);
}
vector dp(n + 1, vector<mll>(m + 1));
for (int i = 0; i <= m; ++i) {
if ((m - i) % 2 == 0) {
dp[1][i] = f[(m - i) / 2][0];
}
}
for (int i = 2; i <= n; ++i) {
for (int j = 0; j <= m; ++j) {
for (int k = 0; k <= j; ++k) {
if ((m - k) % 2 == 0) {
dp[i][j - k] += dp[i - 1][j] * f[k + (m - k) / 2][k];
}
}
}
}
cout << dp[n][0] << '\n';
}
int main() {
#if __cplusplus < 201402L or defined(_MSC_VER) and not defined(__clang__)
assert(false && "incompatible compiler variant detected.");
#endif
untie;
prep();
#ifdef SINGLE_TEST_CASE
solve();
#else
read(int, t);
for (int i = 0; i < t; ++i) {
#ifdef DUMP_TEST_CASE
if (t != (TOT_TEST_CASE)) {
solve();
} else if (i + 1 == (DUMP_TEST_CASE)) {
dump();
} else {
dump_ignore();
}
#else
solve();
#endif
}
#endif
}

View File

@ -458,7 +458,7 @@ constexpr std::array<T, N> __initarray(const T& value) {
} }
/*******************************************************/ /*******************************************************/
// #define SINGLE_TEST_CASE #define SINGLE_TEST_CASE
// #define DUMP_TEST_CASE 7219 // #define DUMP_TEST_CASE 7219
// #define TOT_TEST_CASE 10000 // #define TOT_TEST_CASE 10000
@ -471,30 +471,18 @@ void prep() {
// __attribute__((target("popcnt"))) // __attribute__((target("popcnt")))
void solve() { void solve() {
read(int, n); read(string, s);
readvec(ll, a, n); int n = s.size();
array<int, 26> cnt = {};
max_heap<ll> q; array<ll, 26> sum = {};
for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) { ll res = 0;
if (q.size() and q.top() > a[i]) { for (int i = n - 1; ~i; --i) {
ll v = q.top(); q.pop(); res += sum[s[i] - 'A'] - ll(i + 1) * cnt[s[i] - 'A'];
ll v1 = (v + a[i]) / 2; cnt[s[i] - 'A'] += 1;
ll v2 = v + a[i] - v1; sum[s[i] - 'A'] += i;
q.emplace(v1);
q.emplace(v2);
} else {
q.emplace(a[i]);
}
} }
ll mx = -INFLL, mn = INFLL; cout << res << '\n';
while (q.size()) {
int v = q.top();
q.pop();
chmax(mx, v);
chmin(mn, v);
}
cout << mx - mn << '\n';
} }
int main() { int main() {

View File

@ -472,39 +472,42 @@ void prep() {
// __attribute__((target("popcnt"))) // __attribute__((target("popcnt")))
void solve() { void solve() {
read(int, n); read(int, n);
readvec(int, a, n); vector<int> a(n), b(n);
while (n % 2 != 1) {
a.emplace_back(0);
n += 1;
}
min_heap<pli> q;
for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) { for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
q.emplace(a[i], i); cin >> a[i] >> b[i];
} }
vector<vector<int>> ch(n);
while (q.size() > 1) { int target = accumulate(b.begin(), b.end(), 0);
vector<int> son; if (target % 3) {
ll tot = 0; cout << -1 << '\n';
if (q.size()) tot += q.top().first, son.emplace_back(q.top().second), q.pop(); return;
if (q.size()) tot += q.top().first, son.emplace_back(q.top().second), q.pop();
if (q.size()) tot += q.top().first, son.emplace_back(q.top().second), q.pop();
ch.emplace_back(son);
q.emplace(tot, ch.size() - 1);
} }
ll res = 0; target /= 3;
auto dfs = [&] (auto dfs, int v, int pa, int depth) -> void {
// deb(v, depth); vector dp(n + 1, vector(target + 1, vector<int>(target + 1, INF)));
if (ch[v].size() == 0) { dp[0][0][0] = 0;
res += ll(1) * a[v] * depth; int sum = 0;
} else { for (int i = 1; i <= n; ++i) {
for (auto&& u : ch[v]) { for (int j = 0; j <= target; ++j) {
if (u == pa) continue; for (int k = 0; k <= target; ++k) {
dfs(dfs, u, v, depth + 1); // group 1
if (j + b[i - 1] <= target) {
chmin(dp[i][j + b[i - 1]][k], dp[i - 1][j][k] + (a[i -1 ] != 1));
}
// group 2
if (k + b[i - 1] <= target) {
chmin(dp[i][j][k + b[i - 1]], dp[i -1][j][k] + (a[i -1 ] != 2));
}
// group 3
if (sum - j - k + b[i - 1] <= target) {
chmin(dp[i][j][k], dp[i - 1][j][k] + (a[i - 1] != 3));
} }
} }
}; }
dfs(dfs, q.top().second, -1, 0); sum += b[i - 1];
cout << res << '\n'; }
cout << (dp[n][target][target] == INF ? -1 : dp[n][target][target]) << '\n';
} }
int main() { int main() {

View File

@ -458,7 +458,7 @@ constexpr std::array<T, N> __initarray(const T& value) {
} }
/*******************************************************/ /*******************************************************/
// #define SINGLE_TEST_CASE #define SINGLE_TEST_CASE
// #define DUMP_TEST_CASE 7219 // #define DUMP_TEST_CASE 7219
// #define TOT_TEST_CASE 10000 // #define TOT_TEST_CASE 10000
@ -471,38 +471,66 @@ void prep() {
// __attribute__((target("popcnt"))) // __attribute__((target("popcnt")))
void solve() { void solve() {
read(int, n, k); read(int, n, m, q);
vector<vector<pii>> e(n + 1);
for (int i = 0; i < n - 1; ++i) { vector<tiii> edges;
for (int i = 0; i < m; ++i) {
read(int, u, v, w); read(int, u, v, w);
edgew(e, u, v, w); edges.emplace_back(u, v, w);
} }
vector dp(n + 1, vector<ll>(2));
auto dfs = [&] (auto dfs, int v, int pa) -> void { vector<bool> close(m);
vector<ll> cand; vector<tiii> queries;
ll tot = 0; for (int i = 0; i < q; ++i) {
for (auto&& [u, w] : e[v]) { read(int, op);
if (u == pa) continue; if (op == 1) {
dfs(dfs, u, v); read(int, i);
tot += dp[u][1]; --i;
if (dp[u][0] + w > dp[u][1]) { queries.emplace_back(1, i, 0);
cand.emplace_back(dp[u][0] + w - dp[u][1]); close[i] = 1;
} else {
read(int, u, v);
queries.emplace_back(2, u, v);
} }
} }
sort(cand.begin(), cand.end(), greater());
int m = cand.size(); vector dp(n + 1, vector<ll>(n + 1, INFLL));
// k - 1 for (int i = 0; i < m; ++i) {
dp[v][0] = dp[v][1] = tot; if (close[i]) continue;
for (int i = 0; i < min(m, k - 1); ++i) { auto&& [u, v, w] = edges[i];
dp[v][0] += cand[i]; dp[u][v] = dp[v][u] = w;
dp[v][1] += cand[i];
} }
if (cand.size() >= k) { for (int i = 1; i <= n; ++i) {
dp[v][1] += cand[k - 1]; dp[i][i] = 0;
} }
};
dfs(dfs, 1, 0); for (int k = 1; k <= n; k++) {
cout << dp[1][1] << '\n'; for (int x = 1; x <= n; x++) {
for (int y = 1; y <= n; y++) {
dp[x][y] = min(dp[x][y], dp[x][k] + dp[k][y]);
}
}
}
reverse(queries.begin(), queries.end());
vector<ll> res;
for (auto&& [op, x, y] : queries) {
if (op == 1) {
auto&& [u, v, w] = edges[x];
for (int i = 1; i <= n; ++i) {
for (int j = 1; j <= n; ++j) {
chmin(dp[i][j], dp[i][u] + w + dp[v][j]);
chmin(dp[i][j], dp[i][v] + w + dp[u][j]);
}
}
} else {
res.emplace_back(dp[x][y]);
}
}
replace(res.begin(), res.end(), INFLL, ll(-1));
reverse(res.begin(), res.end());
putvec_eol(res);
} }
int main() { int main() {

View File

@ -471,48 +471,84 @@ void prep() {
// __attribute__((target("popcnt"))) // __attribute__((target("popcnt")))
void solve() { void solve() {
read(int, n); read(int, n, m);
readvec1(int, a, n); vector<tiii> edges;
adj(ch, n); vector<vector<tiii>> e(n + 1);
for (int i = 2; i <= n ;++i) { for (int i = 0; i < m; ++i) {
read(int, j); read(int, u, v, w);
edge(ch, i, j); edges.emplace_back(u, v, w);
edgew(e, u, v, w, i);
} }
vector<int> sz(n + 1);
auto get = [&] (auto get, int v, int pa) -> void { vector<ll> dis(n + 1, INFLL);
if (v != 1 and ch[v].size() == 1) sz[v] = 1; vector<vector<pii>> prev(n + 1);
for (auto&& u: ch[v]) { {
if (u == pa) continue; vector<bool> vis(n + 1);
get(get, u, v); dis[1] = 0;
sz[v] += sz[u]; min_heap<pli> pq;
pq.emplace(0, 1);
while (pq.size()) {
auto [d, v] = pq.top(); pq.pop();
continue_or(vis[v], 1);
for (auto&& [u, w, i] : e[v]) {
if (d + w < dis[u]) {
dis[u] = d + w;
prev[u] = {{ v, i }};
pq.emplace(dis[u], u);
} else if (d + w == dis[u]) {
prev[u].emplace_back(v, i);
pq.emplace(dis[u], u);
}
}
}
}
vector<vector<pii>> ch(n + 1);
vector<bool> vis(m);
{
auto dfs = [&] (auto dfs, int v) -> void {
for (auto&& [u, i] : prev[v]) {
continue_or(vis[i], 1);
edgew(ch, u, v, i);
dfs(dfs, u);
} }
}; };
get(get, 1, 0); dfs(dfs, n);
auto dfs = [&] (auto dfs, int v, int pa) -> int {
if (v != 1 and ch[v].size() == 1) {
return 1;
} }
if (a[v]) {
// max vector<bool> isbridge(m);
int res = INF; {
for (auto&& u : ch[v]) { vector<int> low(n + 1), dfn(n + 1), father(n + 1);
if (u == pa) continue; int dfs_clock = 0;
chmin(res, sz[u] - dfs(dfs, u, v)); int cnt_bridge = 0;
auto dfs = [&] (auto dfs, int u, int fa) -> void {
father[u] = fa;
low[u] = dfn[u] = ++dfs_clock;
for (auto&& [v, i] : ch[u]) {
if (!dfn[v]) {
dfs(dfs, v, u);
low[u] = min(low[u], low[v]);
if (low[v] > dfn[u]) {
isbridge[i] = true;
++cnt_bridge;
} }
// deb(v, sz[v] - res); } else if (dfn[v] < dfn[u] && v != fa) {
return sz[v] - res; low[u] = min(low[u], dfn[v]);
}
}
};
for (int i = 1; i <= n; ++i) {
if (not dfn[i]) dfs(dfs, i, 0);
}
}
for (int i = 0; i < m; ++i) {
if (isbridge[i]) {
cout << "Yes\n";
} else { } else {
// min cout << "No\n";
int need = 0;
for (auto&& u : ch[v]) {
if (u == pa) continue;
need += sz[u] - dfs(dfs, u, v) + 1;
} }
// deb(v, sz[v] - need + 1);
return sz[v] - need + 1;
} }
};
cout << dfs(dfs, 1, 0) << '\n';
} }
int main() { int main() {

View File

@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
3 3
1 1 100 abcd
1 20 10 bcda
2 1 1 ada

View File

@ -458,7 +458,7 @@ constexpr std::array<T, N> __initarray(const T& value) {
} }
/*******************************************************/ /*******************************************************/
// #define SINGLE_TEST_CASE #define SINGLE_TEST_CASE
// #define DUMP_TEST_CASE 7219 // #define DUMP_TEST_CASE 7219
// #define TOT_TEST_CASE 10000 // #define TOT_TEST_CASE 10000
@ -466,36 +466,20 @@ void dump() {}
void dump_ignore() {} void dump_ignore() {}
using mll = MLL<PRIME>;
constexpr int N = 50;
mll fact[N];
void prep() { void prep() {
fact[0] = 1;
for (int i = 1; i < N; ++i) {
fact[i] = fact[i - 1] * i;
}
} }
// __attribute__((target("popcnt"))) // __attribute__((target("popcnt")))
void solve() { void solve() {
constexpr int n = 34, m = 11; constexpr int N = 11;
vector dp(n + 1, vector<mll>(m + 1)); for (int i = 1; i <= N; ++i) {
dp[0][0] = 1; cerr << "i = " << i << ": ";
for (int i = 1; i <= n; ++i) { int curr = i;
for (int j = 0; j <= m; ++j) { do {
for (int k = 0; k <= j; ++k) { cerr << curr << ' ';
dp[i][j] += comb(j, k) * dp[i - 1][j - k]; curr = (curr * i) % N;
} } while (curr > 1);
} cerr << endl;
}
for (int i = 1; i <= n; ++i) {
for (int j = 1; j <= m; ++j) {
cout << dp[i][j] << ' ';
}
cout << endl;
} }
} }

View File

@ -7,8 +7,7 @@ import io
PRIME = 998_244_353 PRIME = 998_244_353
if __name__ == '__main__': if __name__ == '__main__':
N = 400000 N = 100000
M = 200000 print(1)
print(N, M) print(N, N, 0, 2 * N)
print('64 ' * N) print(*[f'{randint(1, N)} {randint(1, N)} {randint(0, (1 << 30) - 1)}' for _ in range(2 * N)], sep = '\n')
print(f'TOTIENT 1 {N} ' * M)