diff --git a/include.hh b/include.hh
index 95acfe2..7662cef 100644
--- a/include.hh
+++ b/include.hh
@@ -7,10 +7,7 @@
  */
 
 #include<bits/stdc++.h>
-#include<bits/extc++.h>
 using namespace std;
-using namespace __gnu_cxx;
-using namespace __gnu_pbds;
 
 /* macro helpers */
 #define __NARGS(...) std::tuple_size<decltype(std::make_tuple(__VA_ARGS__))>::value
@@ -128,7 +125,22 @@ template<typename T, typename... U> void __read(T& x, U&... args) { cin >> x; __
 #define putvec(a) __AS_PROCEDURE(for (auto&& x : a) cout << x << ' '; cout << endl;)
 #define debug(x) __AS_PROCEDURE(cerr << #x" = " << (x) << endl;)
 #define debugvec(a) __AS_PROCEDURE(cerr << #a" = "; for (auto&& x : a) cerr << x << ' '; cerr << endl;)
-template<typename T> ostream& operator<<(ostream& out, vector<T> vec) {
+template<typename T, typename U> ostream& operator<<(ostream& out, const pair<T, U>& p) {
+    out << "{" << p.first << ", " << p.second << "}";
+    return out;
+}
+template<typename Char, typename Traits, typename Tuple, std::size_t... Index>
+void print_tuple_impl(std::basic_ostream<Char, Traits>& os, const Tuple& t, std::index_sequence<Index...>) {
+    using swallow = int[]; // guaranties left to right order
+    (void)swallow { 0, (void(os << (Index == 0 ? "" : ", ") << std::get<Index>(t)), 0)... };
+}
+template<typename Char, typename Traits, typename... Args>
+decltype(auto) operator<<(std::basic_ostream<Char, Traits>& os, const std::tuple<Args...>& t) {
+    os << "{";
+    print_tuple_impl(os, t, std::index_sequence_for<Args...>{});
+    return os << "}";
+}
+template<typename T> ostream& operator<<(ostream& out, const vector<T>& vec) {
     for (auto&& i : vec) out << i << ' ';
     return out;
 }